181
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

The management of behavioural and psychiatric symptoms in delirium

&
Pages 555-561 | Published online: 23 Mar 2006

Bibliography

  • COLE M, PRIMEAU FJ: Prognosis of delirium in elderly hospitalised patients. Can. Med. Assoc. J. (1993) 149:41-46.
  • LINDESAY J, ROCKWOOD K, MACDONALD A (Eds): Delirium in Old Age. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK (2002).
  • WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION: ICD-10. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organisation, Geneva, Swizterland (1992).
  • GEORGE J, BLEASDALE S, SINGLETON SJ: Causes and prognosis of delirium in elderly patients admitted to a district general hospital. Age Aging (1997) 26(6):423-427.
  • FICK DM, AGONSTINI JV, INOUYE SK: Delirium superimposed on dementia: a systematic review. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. (2002) 50:1723-1732.
  • TRZEPACZ PT: Neuropathogenesis of delirium: a need to focus our research. Psychosomatics (1994) 35:374-391.
  • TRZEPACZ PT: Is there a final common neural pathway for delirum? Focus on acetylcholine and dopamine. Semin. Clin. Neuropsychiatry, (2000) 5:132-148.
  • ASHTON CH, YOUNG AH: Psychiatric disorders. In: Davies Textbook of Adverse Drug Reactions. Davies, Ferner and de Glanville (Eds). Chapman and Hall Medical, London (1998):669-731.
  • PERRY EK, WALKER M, GRACE J, PERRY RH: Acetylcholine in mind. Trends Neurosci. (1998) 22(6):273-280.
  • ASHTON CH: Delirium and hallucinations. In: Neurochemistry of consciousness. Perry EK, Ashton CH, Young A (Eds). John Benjamins, Amsterdam (2002):181-203.
  • PERRY EK, PERRY RH: Acetylcholine and hallucinations: disease-related compared to drug-induced alterations in human consciousness. Brain Cogn. (1995) 28:240-258.
  • MESULAM M-M, WAXMAN SG, GESCHWIND N et al.: Acute confusional states with right middle cerebral artery occlusion. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry (1979) 39:84-89.
  • DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH: National Service Framework for older people. Department of Health, London (2001).
  • O’KEEFFE S, LAVAN J: The prognostic significance of delirium in older hospital patients. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. (1997) 45:174-178.
  • FRANCIS J, MARTIN D, KAPOOR WN: A prospective study of delirium in hospitalised elderly. JAMA (1990) 263:1097-1101.
  • GUSTAFSON Y, BRANNSTROM B, NORBERG A, BUCHT G, WINBLAD B: Underdiagnosis and poor documentation of acute confusional states in elderly hip fracture patients. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. (1991) 39:760-765.
  • HOLMES J, MILLARD J, GREER D, SILCOCK J: Trends in psychotropic drug use in older people in general hospitals. Pharmaceutical Journal (2003) 271:584-587.
  • HOLMES J, HOUSE A: Psychiatric illness predicts poor outcome after surgery for hip fracture: a prospective cohort study. Psychol. Med. (2000) 30:921-929.
  • ROCKWOOD K, COSWAY S, CARVER D, JARRIETT P, STANDYNK K, FISK J: The risk of dementia and death after delirium. Age Ageing (1999) 28:551-556.
  • LEVKOFF SE, EVANS DA, LIPTZIN B et al.: Delirium. The occurrence and persistence of symptoms among elderly hospitalised patients. Arch. Intern. Med. (1992) 152:334-340.
  • THOMAS RI, CAMERON DJ, FAHS MC: A prospective study of delirium and prolonged hospital stay. Exploratory study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry (1988) 45:937-940.
  • INOUYE SK, VAN DYCK CH, ALESSI CA, BALKIN S, SIEGAL AP, HORWITZ RI: Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann. Intern. Med. (1990) 113:941-948.
  • BERKOWITZ HL: House officer knowledgeability of organic brain syndromes: a pilot study. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry (1981) 3:321-326.
  • MARCANTONIO E: The management of delirium. In: Delirium in Old Age. Lindesay J, Rockwood K, Macdonald A (Eds) Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  • MARCANTONIO ER, FLACKER JN, WRIGHT J, RESNICK NM: Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomised control trial. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. (2001) 49:516-522.
  • INOUYE SK, VISCOLI CM, HORWITZ RI, TINETTI ME: A predictive model for delirium in hospitalised elderly medical patients. Ann. Int. Med. (1993) 119:474-481
  • INOUYE SK, BOGARDUS ST, CHARPENTIER PA: A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalised older patients. N. Engl. J. Med. (1999) 340:699-676.
  • COLE MG, PRIMEAU F, MCCUSKER J: Effectiveness of interventions to prevent delirium: a systematic review. Can. Med. Assoc. J. (1996) 155:1263-1268.
  • STOKES G: Challenging behaviour in dementia: a psychological approach. In: Handbook of Clinical Psychology of Ageing. Woods RT, (Ed.). Riley, Chichester, UK (1996):601-628.
  • BREITBART W, MAROTTA R, PLATT MM et al.: A double-blind trial of haloperidol, chlorpromazine and lorazepam in the treatment of delirium in hospitalised AIDS patients. Am. J. Psychiatry (1996) 153:231-237.
  • BREITBART W, TREMBLAY A, GIBSON C: An open trial of olanzapine for the treatment of delirium in hospitalised cancer patients. Psychosomatics (2002) 43(3):175-182.
  • KIYAMA T: A prospective open label flexible dose study of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium. J. Clin. Psychiatry (2003) 64(11):1316-1321.
  • KIM KY, BADER GM, KOTLYAR V, GROPPER D: Treatment of delirium in older adults with quetiapine. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. (2003) 16(1):29-31.
  • AL-SAMARRAI S, DUNN J, NEWMARK T, GUPTA S: Quetiapine for treatment resistant delirium. Psychosomatics (2003) 44(4):350-351.
  • SIPAHIMALANI A, MASAND PS: Olanzapine in treatment of delirium. Psychosomatics (1998) 39(5):422-430.
  • MATSUMOTO F, NISHIMURA K, KARASAWA K, TAKAMATSU K: Treatment of delirium with risperidone: results of a prospective open label trial with 10 patients. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatry (2003) 25(4):289-292.
  • SIPAHIMALANI A, MSAND PS: Use of risperidone in delirium: case reports. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry (1997) 9(2):105-107.
  • ROBERTSSON B, KARLSSON I, ERRIKSSON L, OLSSON JO, OLOFSSON H, ARNELL G: An atypical neuroleptic drug in the treatment of behavioural disturbances and psychotic symptoms in elderly people. Dementia (1996) 7(3):142-146.
  • MCKEITH IG, FAIRBAIRN AF, PERRY RH, THOMPSON P, PERRY E: Neuroleptic sensitivity in patients with senile dementia of the Lewy body type. Br. Med. J. (1992) 305:673-678.
  • MEYA T, ENDO T, HARA T, HAGI G, SUZUKI J: A survey on the drug therapy for delirium. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. (2001) 55(4):397-401.
  • FLACKER JM, MARCANTONIO ER: Delirium in the elderly: optimal management. Drugs Ageing (1998) 13:119-130.
  • MEAGHER DJ: Delirium: optimising management. Br. Med. J. (2001) 322:144-149.
  • MCKEITH I, DEL SER T, SPANO P et al.: Efficacy of rivastigmine in dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled international study. Lancet (2000) 356(9247):2031-2036.
  • GLEASON OC: Donepezil for post-operative delirium. Psychosomatics (2003) 44(5):437-438.
  • WENGEL SP, ROCCAFORTE WH, BURKE WJ: Donepezil improves the symptoms of delirium in dementia: implications for future research. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. (1998) 11(3):159-161.
  • NOYAN MA, ELBI H, AKSU H: Donepezil for anticholinergic drug intoxication: a case report. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry (2003) 27(5):885-887.
  • DAUTZENBERG PL, WOUTERS CJ, OUDENJANS I, SAMSON MM: Rivastigmine in prevention of delirium in a 65 year old man with Parkinson’s disease. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry (2003) 18(6):555-556.
  • UCHIYAMA M, TANAKA K, ISSE K, TORU M: Efficacy of mianserin on symptoms of delirium in the aged. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry (1996) 20(4):651-656.
  • POURCHER E, FILTEAU MJ, BOUCHARD RH, BARUCH P: Efficacy of the combination of buspirone and carbamazepine in early prost-traumatic delirium. Am. J. Psychiatry (1994) 151(1):150-151.
  • OKAMOTO Y, MATSUOKA Y, SASAKI T, JITSUIKI H, HORIGUCHI J, YAMAWAKI S: Trazodone in the treatment of delirium. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (1999) 19(3):280-282.
  • BAYINDIR O, GUDEN M, AKPINAR B, SANISOGLU I, SAGBAS E: Ondansetron hydrocholoride for the treatment of delirium after coronary artery surgery. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. (2001) 121(1):176-177.
  • MORITA T, OTANI H, TSUNODA J, INOUYE S, CHIBARA S: Successful palliation of hypoactive delirium due to multi-organ failure by oral methylphenidate. Support. Care Cancer (2000) 8(2):134-137.
  • SULTZER DL, GRAY K F, GUNAY I, BERIFORD MA, MAHLER ME: A double-blind comparison of trazodone and haloperidol for treatment of agitation in patients with dementia. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry (1997) 5:60-69.
  • HANANIAN M, KITAIN E: Melatonin for treatment and prevention of post-operative delirium. Anaesthesia and Analgesia (2002) 94(2):338-339.
  • HORIGUCHI J, YAMASHITA H, HIDEHISA Y et al.: Effectiveness of valproate on delirium and/or aggressive behaviour in demented patients: a practical pilot study. Int. J. Psychiatry Clin. Prac. (1998) 2(1):35-39.

Website

  • http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&useSecondary=true&ssDocName=CON1004298&ssTargetNodeId=221 Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency safety warnings and messages for medicines: atypical antipsychotic drugs and stroke. Accessed 21 February, 2006.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.