Preventing cardiovascular and renal complications in the management of hypertension and metabolic syndrome

Bibliography

• SARAFIDIS PA, NILSSON PM: The metabolic syndrome: a glance at its history. J. Hypertens. (2006) 24:621-626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REAVEN GM: Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes (1988) 37:1595-1607.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAPLAN NM: The deadly quartet. Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med. (1989) 149:1514-1520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation (2002) 106:3143-3421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation: The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. (2007). Unpublished Work.
   Google Scholar
• LAKKA HM, LAAKSONEN DE, LAKKA TA et al.: The metabolic syndrome and total and cardiovascular disease mortality in middle-aged men. JAMA (2002) 288:2709-2716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LAAKSONEN DE, LAKKA HM, NISKANEN LK, KAPLAN et al.: Metabolic syndrome and development of diabetes mellitus: application and validation of recently suggested definitions of the metabolic syndrome in a prospective cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. (2002) 156:1070-1077.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FORD ES, GILES WH: A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions. Diabetes Care (2003) 26:575-581.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FORD ES: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the International Diabetes Federation among adults in the US. Diabetes Care (2005) 28:2745-2749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MANNUCCI E, MONAMI M, CRESCI B et al.: National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions of metabolic syndrome in the prediction of diabetes. Results from the FIrenze-Bagno A Ripoli study. Diabetes Obes. Metab. (2007) [Epub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• NILSSON PM, ENGSTROM G, HEDBLAD B: The metabolic syndrome and incidence of cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic subjects-a population-based study comparing three different definitions. Diabet. Med. (2007) 24(5):464-472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHOI KM, KIM SM, KIM YE, CHOI DS, BAIK SH, LEE J: International Diabetes Federation. Prevalence and cardiovascular disease risk of the metabolic syndrome using National Cholesterol Education Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions in the Korean population. Metabolism (2007) 56(4):552-558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TONG PC, KONG AP, SO WY et al.: The usefulness of the International Diabetes Federation and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III definitions of the metabolic syndrome in predicting coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care (2007) 30(5):1206-1211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATHYROS VG, GANOTAKIS ES, ELISAF M, MIKHAILIDIS DP: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Educational Program and International Diabetes Federation definitions. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. (2005) 21(8):1157-1159.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANAND SS, Yi Q, GERSTEIN H et al.: Relationship of metabolic syndrome and fibrinolytic dysfunction to cardiovascular disease. Circulation (2003) 108:420-425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GU D, REYNOLDS K, WU X et al.: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and overweight among adults in China. Lancet (2005) 365:1398-1405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRUNO G, MERLETTI F, BIGGERI A et al.: Metabolic syndrome as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes: the Casale Monferrato Study. Diabetes Care (2004) 27:2689-2694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ILANNE-PARIKKA P, ERIKSSON JG, LINDSTROM J et al.: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components: findings from a Finnish general population sample and the diabetes prevention study cohort. Diabetes Care (2004) 27:2135-2140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BONORA E, TARGHER G, FORMENTINI G et al.: The metabolic syndrome is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic subjects: prospective data from the Verona diabetes complications study. Diabet. Med. (2004) 21:52-58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AZIZI F, SALEHI P, ETEMADI A, ZAHEDI-ASL S: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in an urban population: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. (2003) 61:29-37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FORD ES, GILES WH, DIETZ WH: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA (2002) 287:356-359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RESNICK HE, JONES K, RUOTOLO G et al.: Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular disease in nondiabetic American Indians: the strong heart study. Diabetes Care (2003) 26:861-867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PARK YW, ZHU S, PALANIAPPAN L et al.: The metabolic syndrome: prevalence and associated risk factor findings in the US population from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 – 1994. Arch. Intern. Med. (2003) 163:427-436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISOMAA B, ALMGREN P, TUOMI T et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care (2001) 24:683-689.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GIRMAN CJ, RHODES T, MERCURI M et al.: The metabolic syndrome and risk of major coronary events in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). Am. J. Cardiol. (2004) 93:136-141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MALIK S, WONG ND, FRANKLIN SS et al.: Impact of the metabolic syndrome on mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease, and all causes in United States adults. Circulation (2004) 110:1245-1250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HU G, QIAO Q, TUOMILEHTO J, BALKAU B, BORCH-JOHNSEN K, PYORALA K: Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in nondiabetic European men and women. Arch. Intern. Med. (2004) 164:1066-1076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NINOMIYA JK, L'ITALIEN G, CRIQUI MH, WHYTE JL, GAMST A, CHEN RS: Association of the metabolic syndrome with history of myocardial infarction and stroke in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. Circulation (2004) 109:42-46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUNT KJ, RESENDEZ RG, WILLIAMS K et al.: National Cholesterol Education Program versus World Health Organization metabolic syndrome in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the San Antonio heart study. Circulation (2004) 110:1251-1257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GAMI AS, WITT BJ, HOWARD DE et al.: Metabolic syndrome and risk of incident cardiovascular events and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (2007) 49:403-414.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHAGNAC A, WEINSTEIN T, KORZETS A, RAMADAN E, HIRSCH J, GAFTER U: Glomerular hemodynamics in severe obesity. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. (2000) 278:F817-F822.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HOSTETTER TH: Hyperfiltration and glomerulosclerosis. Semin. Nephrol. (2003) 23:194-199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN J, MUNTNER P, HAMM L et al.: Insulin resistance and risk of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic US adults. J. Am. Soci. Nephrol. (2003) 14:469-477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CHEN J, MUNTNER P, HAMM LL et al.: The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in US adults. Ann. Intern. Med. (2004) 140:167-174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NAVARRO J, REDÓN J, CEA-CALVO L et al.: Metabolic syndrome, organ damage and cardiovascular disease in treated hypertensive patients. The ERIC-HTA study. Blood Press (2007) 16(1):20-27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HAO Z, KONTA T, TAKASAKI S et al.: The association between microalbuminuria and metabolic syndrome in the general population in Japan: the Takahata study. Intern. Med. (2007) 46(7):341-346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TOWNSEND RR, CHEN J, CHERTOW GM, WRIGHT JT; CRIC STUDY INVESTIGATORS: Influence of race gender and age on metabolic syndrome prevalence in CKD. JASN (2007) 17:SA-PO301.
   Google Scholar
• KURELLA M, LO JC, CHERTOW GM: Metabolic syndrome and the risk for chronic kidney disease among nondiabetic adults. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2005) 16:2134-2140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATHYROS VG, MIKHAILIDIS DP, LIBEROPOULOS EN et al.: Effect of statin treatment on renal function and serum uric acid levels and their relation to vascular events in patients with coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome: a subgroup analysis of the GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary heart disease Evaluation (GREACE) study. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. (2007) 22(1):118-127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GO AS, CHERTOW GM, FAN D, MCCULLOCH CE, HSU CY: Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 351:1296-1305.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• COLLINS AJ, LI S, GILBERTSON DT, LIU J, CHEN SC, HERZOG CA: Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in the Medicare population. Kidney Int. Suppl. (2003):S24-S31.
   Google Scholar
• GAEDE P, VEDEL P, LARSEN N, JENSEN GV, PARVING HH, PEDERSEN O: Maltifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. (2003) 348:383-393.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRENNER BM, COOPER ME, DE ZEEUW D et al.: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345:861-869.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LEWIS EJ, HUNSICKER LG, CLARKE WR et al.: Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to Type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. (2001) 345:851-860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANDHU S, WIEBE N, FRIED LF, TONELLI M: Statins for improving renal outcomes: a meta-analysis. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. (2006) 17:2006-2016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KAHN R, BUSE J, FERRANNINI E, STERN M: The metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal: joint statement from the American diabetes association and the European association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care (2005) 28:2289-2304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GADDE KM, ALLISON DB: Cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, for management of obesity and related risks. Circulation (2006) 114:974-984.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SACKS FM, SVETKEY LP, V0LLMER WM et al.: Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet. DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group. Clin. Nephrol. (1904) 344:3-10.
   Google Scholar
• KNOWLER WC, BARRETT-CONNOR E, FOWLER SE et al.: Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N. Engl. J. Med. (2002) 346:393-403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SJOSTROM L, LINDROOS AK, PELTONEN M et al.: Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 351:2683-2693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'BRIEN PE, DIXON JB, LAURIE C et al.: Treatment of mild to moderate obesity with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding or an intensive medical program: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. (2006) 144:625-633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ESTRUCH R, MARTINEZ-GONZALEZ MA, CORELLA D et al.: Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. (2006) 145:1-11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DORMANDY JA, CHARBONNEL B, ECKLAND DJ et al.: Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet (2005) 366:1279-1289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TORGERSON JS, HAUPTMAN J, BOLDRIN MN, SJOSTROM L: XENical in the prevention of diabetes in obese subjects (XENDOS) study: a randomized study of orlistat as an adjunct to lifestyle changes for the prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese patients. Diabetes Care (2004) 27:155-161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WADDEN TA, BERKOWITZ RI, WOMBLE LG et al.: Randomized trial of lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy for obesity. N. Engl. J. Med. (2005) 353:2111-2120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JAMES WP, ASTRUP A, FINER N et al.: Effect of sibutramine on weight maintenance after weight loss: a randomised trial. STORM study group. Sibutramine Trial of Obesity Reduction and Maintenance. Lancet (2000) 356:2119-2125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar