Skeletal bone diseases impact the periodontium: a review of bisphosphonate therapy

References

• PACIFICI R: Estrogen, cytokines, and pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. (1996) 8:1043-1051.
   Google Scholar
• NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF ARTHRITIS AND MUSCULOSKELETAL SKIN DISEASES: Osteoporosis research, education and health promotion. US Department of Health and Human Services. Bethesda, MD (1991) NIH publication 91-37126.
   Google Scholar
• GOLDHABER P: Collagen and bone. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. (1964) 68:825-832.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• REINHARDT RA, MASADA MP, PAYNE JB, ALLISON AC, DUBOIS LM: Gingival fluid IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in menopause. J. Clin. Periodontol. (1994) 21(1):22-25.
   Google Scholar
• BONE HG, HOSKING D, DEVOGELAER JP et al.: Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. Ten years’ experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 350:1189-1199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BODY JJ: Bisphosphonates for malignancy-related bone disease: current status, future developments. Support Care Cancer. (2006) 14(5):408-418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIPTON A: Bisphosphonate therapy in the oncology setting. Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs. (2003) 8(2):469-488.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RUGGIERO SL, MEHROTRA B, TOSENBERG TJ, ENGROFF SL: Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: A Review of 63 Cases. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. (2004) 62:527-534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MARX RE: Pamidronate and zoledronic acid induced avascular necrosis of the jaws: a growing epidemic. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. (2003) 61:1115-1117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BAGAN JV, JIMENEZ Y, MURILLO J et al.: Jaw osteonecrosis associated with bisphosphonates: Multiple exposed areas and its relationship to teeth extractions. Study of 20 cases. Oral Oncol. (2006) 42:327-329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SOILEAU KM: Oral post-surgical complications following administration of bisphosphonates given for osteopenia related to malignancy. J. Periodontol (2006) 77(4):738-743.
   Google Scholar
• TEZAL M, WACTAWSKE-WENDE J, GROSSI SG: The relationship between bone mineral density and periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J. Periodontol. (2000) 71:1492-1498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HILDEBOLT CF: Osteoporosis and oral bone loss. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. (1997) 26(1):3-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VON WOWERN N, KLAUSEN B, KOLLERUP G: Osteoporosis: a risk factor in periodontal disease. J. Periodontol. (1994) 65(12):1134-1138.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WACTWSKI-WENDE J: Periodontal Diseases and Osteoporosis: Association and Mechanisms. Ann. Periodontol. (2001) 1:197-208.
   Google Scholar
• PILGRIM TK, HILDEBOLT CF, YOKOYAMA N: Relationships between longitudinal alveolar bone height and probing depth measurements. J. Periodontol. (1999) 70:829-833.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FAMILI P, CAULEY J, SUZUKI JB, WEYANT R: Longitudinal study of periodontal disease and edentulism with rates of bone loss in older women. J. Periodontol. (2005) 76(1):11-15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• GENCO RJ: Incidence of tooth loss in postmenopausal women. J. Periodontol. (2005) 76(7):1123-1128.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TEZAL M, WACTAWSKE-WENDE J, GROSSI SG: The relationship between bone mineral density and periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J. Periodontol. (2000) 71:1492-1498.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REINHART RA, PAYNE JB, MAZE CA: Influence of estrogen and osteopenia/osteoporosis on clinical periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J. Periodontol. (1999) 70:823-828.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• JEFFCOAT M: The association between osteoporosis and oral bone loss. J. Periodontol. (2005) 76(11 Suppl.):2125-2132.
   Google Scholar
• KREJCI C, BISSADA NF: Periodontitis – risks for its development. Gen. Dent. (2000) 48(4):430-436.
   Google Scholar
• ARMITAGE GC: Periodontal disease: diagnosis. Ann. Periodontol. (1996) 1:317-215.
   Google Scholar
• TEZAL J, SCANNAPIECO FA, WACTAWSKI- WENDE J, GROSSI SG, GENCO RJ: Supragingival plaque may modify the effects of subgingival plaque on attachment loss. J. Periodontol. (2006) 77(5):808-813.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WALSH LJ: Mast cells and oral inflammation. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. (2003) 38:575-582.
   Google Scholar
• REINHARDT RA, PAYNE JP, MAZE C, BABBITT M, NUMMIKOSKI PV, DUNNING D: Gingival fluid IL-1β in postmenopausal females on supportive periodontal therapy. A longitudinal 2-year study. J. Clin. Periodontol. (1998) 25:1029-1035.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PRABHU A, MICHALOWICZ AB, MATHUR M: Detection of local and systemic cytokines in adult periodontal disease. J. Periodontol. (1996) 76(5):515-522.
   Google Scholar
• YU X, HUANG Y, COLLIN OSDOBY P, OSDOBY P: CCR1 Chemokines promote the chemotactic recruitment RANKL development and motility of osteoclasts and are induced by inflammatory cytokines in osteoblasts. J. Bone Miner. Res. (2004) 19(12):2065-2077.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MANOLAGAS SC, JILKA RL: Bone marrow, cytokines and bone remodeling – Emerging insights into the pathophysiology of osteoporosis. N. Engl. J. Med. (1995) 332(5):305-311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SHAARAWY M, ZAKI S, SHEIBA M, EL-MINAWI AM: Circulating levels of osteoclast activating cytokines, IL-1 and TGF as valuable biomarkers for the assessment of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Clin. Lab. (2003) 49(11-12):625-636.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• TANAKA Y, NAKAYAMADA S, OKADA Y: Osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling and inflammation. Curr. Drug Targets Inflamm. Allergy (2005) 4:325-328.
   Google Scholar
• SUDA T, UDAGAWA N, NAKAMURA I, MIYAURA C, TAKAHASHI N: Modulation of osteoclast differentiation by local factors. Bone (1995) 17(2 Suppl.):87S-91S.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BASCONES A, NORNHA S, GOMEZ M et al.: Tissue destruction in periodontitis: bacteria or cytokines fault? Quintessence Int. (2005) 36(4):299-306.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ALABDUMKARIM MS, BISSADA NF, AL-ZAHRANI MS, FICARA A, SIEGEL B: Alveolar bone loss in obese subjects. J. Int. Acta Periodontol. (2005) 7(2):34-38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AL-ZAHRANI MS, BOROWSKI EA, BISSADA NF: Obesity and periodontal disease in young, middle-aged and older adults. J. Periodontol. (2003) 74(5):610-615.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• AL-ZAHRANI MS, BOROWSKI EA, BISSADA NF: Increased physical activity reduces prevalence of periodontitis. J. Dent. (2005) 33(9):703-710.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• UDELL JA, RISCHER MA, BROOKHART MA, SOLOMON DH, CHOUDHRY NK: Effect of the Women’s Health Initiative on osteoporosis therapy and expenditure in Medicaid. J. Bone Miner. Res. (2006) 21(5):765-771.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CHAMBERS TJ: Regulation of the differentiation and function of osteoclasts. J. Pathol. (2000) 192:4-13.
   Google Scholar
• CANTORE FP, ACQUISTA CA, PIPITONE V: Evaluation of bone turnover and osteoclastic cytokines in early rheumatoid arthritis treated with alendronate. J. Rheumatol. (1999) 26(11):2318-2323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• RODAN GA: Mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (1998) 38:375-388.
   Google Scholar
• ROGERS MJ, GORDON S, BENFORD HL, COXON FP, LUCKMAN SP, MONKANNEN J, FRITH JC: Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates. Cancer (2000) 88:2961-2978.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• FLEISCH H: Mechanisms of action of the bisphosphonate. Medicina (1997) 57:65-75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• KELLINSALMI M, MONKKONEN H, MONKKONEN J et al.: In vitro comparison of clodronate, pamidronate and zoledronic acid effects on rat osteoclasts and human stem cell-derived osteoblasts. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (2005) 97(6):382-391.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GREENWELL H, BISSADA NF: Emerging concepts in periodontal therapy. Drugs (2002) 62(18):2581-2587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• REDDY MS, GEURS NC, GUNSOLLEY JC: Periodontal host modulation with antiproteinase, anti-inflammatory, and bone sparring agents: a systematic review. Ann. Periodontol. (2003) 8(1):12-37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KANTARCI A, HASTURK H, VAN DYKE TE: Host mediated resolution of inflammation in periodontal diseases. Periodontol. 2000 (2006) 40:144-163.
   Google Scholar
• NG VW, BISSADA NF: Clinical evaluation of systemic doxycycline and ibuprofen administration as adjunctive treatment for adult periodontitis. J. Periodontol. (1998) 69(7):772-776.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WILLIAMS RC, JEFFCOAT MK, HOWELL TH: Topical effects of flurbiprofen treatment of periodontitis in beagles. J. Periodont Res. (1988) 23(3):166-169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PAQUETTE DW, FIORELLINI JP, MARTUSCELLI H: Enantiospecific inhibition of ligature-induced periodontitis in beagles with topical (S)-ketoprofen. J. Clin. Periodontol. (1997) 24(8):521-528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSLING B, WANNFORS B, VOLPE AR: The use of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice may retard the progression of periodontitis. J. Clin. Periodontol. (1997) 24(12):873-880.
   Google Scholar
• YAFFE A, GOLOMB G, BREUER E, BINDERMAN I: The effect of topical delivery of novel bisacylphosphonates in reducing alveolar bone loss in the rat model. J. Periodontol. (2000) 71(10):1607-1612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WEINREB M, QUARTUCCIO H, SEEDOR JG et al.: Histomorphometrical analysis of the effects of the bisphosphonate alendronate on bone loss caused by experimental periodontitis in monkeys. J. Periodontal Res. (1994) 29:35-40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BRUNSVOLD MA, CHAVES ES, KORNMAN KS, AUFDEMORT TB, WOOD R: Effects of a bisphosphonate on experimental periodontitis in monkeys. J. Periodontol. (1992) 63:825-830.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• REDDY MS, WEATHERFORD TW III, SMITH CA, WEST BD, JEFFCOAT MK: Alendronate treatment of naturally occurring periodontitis in beagle dogs. J. Periodontol. (1995) 66:211-217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MITSUDA T, HORIUCHI H, SHINODA H: Effects of topical administration of clodronate on alveolar bone resorption in rats with esxperimental periodontitis. J. Periodontol. (2002) 73:479-486.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• BUDUNELI E, BUDUNELI N, VARDAR-SENGUL S et al.: Systemic low-dose doxycycline and alendronate administration and serum interleukin-beta, osteocalcin, and C-reactive protein levels in rats. J. Periodontol. (2005) 76(11):1927-1933.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• GOYA JA, PAEZ HA, MANDALUNIS PM: Effect of topical administration of monosodium olpadronate on experimental periodontitis in rats. J. Periodontol. (2006) 77(1)1-6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IGARASHI K, ADACHI H, MITANI H, SHINODA H: Inhibitory effect of the topical administration of a bisphosphonate on root resorption incident to orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J. Dent. Res. (1996) 75:1644-1649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAMDANCIOGLU S, CALIS S, SUMNU M, ATILLA HINCAL A: Formulation and in vitro evaluation of bisphosphonate loaded microspheres for implantation in osteolysis. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. (2006) 32(4):473-481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PALOMO L, BISSADA NF, LIU J: Periodontal assessment of postmenopausal women receiving bisphosphonate therapy. Menopause (2005) 37(2):103-107.
   Google Scholar
• ROCHA ML, MALACARA JM, SANCHEZ-MARIN FJ, VAZQUEZ DE LA TORRE, FAJARDO M: Effect of alendronate on periodontal disease in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J. Periodontol. (2004) 75:1579-1585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EL-SHINNAWI UM, EL-TANTAWY SI: Effect of alendronate sodium on alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. J. Int. Acad. Periodontol. (2003) 5(1):5-10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LANE N, ARMITAGE GC, LOOMER P et al.: Bisphosphonate therapy improves the outcome of conventional periodontal treatment: results of 12 month, randomized, placebo controlled trial. J. Periodontol. (2005) 76(7):1113-1122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SANTINI D, VINCENZI B, AVVISATI G et al.: Pamidronate induces modifications of circulating angiogenic factors in cancer patients. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(5):1080-1084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SALESI N, PISTILLI R, MARCELLI V et al.: Bisphosphonates and oral cavity avascular bone necrosis: a review of twelve cases. Anticancer Res. (2006) 26(4B):3111-3115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ZALAVRAS C, SHAH S, VIRNBAUM MJ, FRENKEL B: Role of apoptosis in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and osteonecrosis. Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. (2003) 13(2-4):211-235.
   Google Scholar
• HAMMA-KOURBALI Y, DI BENEDETTO M, LEDOUX D, OUDAR O, LEROUX Y, LECOUVEY M, KRAEMER M: a novel non-contianing-nitrogen bisphosphonate inhibits both in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2003) 310(3):816-823.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• CHAVASSIEUX PM, ARLOT ME, REDA C, WEI L, YATES AJ, MEUNIER PJ: Histomorphometric assessment of the long term effects of alendronate on bone quality and remodeling in patients with osteoporosis. J. Clin. Invest. (1997) 6:1475-1480.
   Google Scholar
• TUCCI JR, TONINO RP, EMKEY RD, PEVERLY CA, KHER U, SANDORA AC: Effect of three years of oral alendronate treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Am. J. Med. (1996) 101:488-501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROSSINI M, GATTI D, ZAMBERLAN N et al.: Long term effect of treatment course with oral alendronate of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Res. (1994) 11:1833-1837.
   Google Scholar
• BUFFO L, ROSINI M, BUONCRISTIANO A: Diphosphonates: an alternative to estrogen therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Experience with alendronate. Minerva Ginecol. (1996) 48:263-272.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• PAPADAKI HA, TSATSANIS C, CHRISTOFORIDOU A et al.: Alendronate reduces serum TNF-α and IL-1β increases neutrophil counts and improves bone mineral density and bone metabolism indices in patients with chronic neutropenia associated osteopenia/osteoporosis. J. Bone Miner. Metab. (2004) 22(6):577-587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• JEFFCOAT MK: Safety in oral bisphosphonates: Controlled studies on alveolar bone. Int. J. Oral. Maxillofac. Implants (2006) 21(3):349-353.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar