Oral salmon calcitonin – pharmacology in osteoporosis

Bibliography

• Seeman E, Delmas PD. Bone quality – the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2250-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Martin TJ, Bollerslev J, Are nonresorbing osteoclasts sources of bone anabolic activity? J Bone Miner Res 2007;22:487-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henriksen K, Neutzsky-Wulff AV, Bonewald LF, Karsdal MA. Local communication on and within bone controls bone remodeling. Bone 2009;44:1026-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Copp DH, Cameron EC, Cheney BA, Evidence for calcitonin – a new hormone from the parathyroid that lowers blood calcium. Endocrinology 1962;70:638-49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar MA, Foster GV, MacIntyre I. Further evidence for calcitonin. A rapid-acting hormone which lowers plasma-calcium. Lancet 1963;35:480-2
   Google Scholar
• Sexton PM, Findlay DM, Martin TJ. Calcitonin. Curr Med Chem 1999;6:1067-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deftos LJ. Calcitonin. 6th edition. 2006. p. 115-17
   Google Scholar
• Chambers TJ, Moore A. The sensitivity of isolated osteoclasts to morphological transformation by calcitonin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983;57:819-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagger YZ, Tanko LB, Alexandersen P, Oral salmon calcitonin induced suppression of urinary collagen type II degradation in postmenopausal women: a new potential treatment of osteoarthritis. Bone 2005;37:425-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manicourt DH, Azria M, Mindeholm L, Oral salmon calcitonin reduces Lequesne's algofunctional index scores and decreases urinary and serum levels of biomarkers of joint metabolism in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:3205-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondergaard BC, Oestergaard S, Christiansen C, The effect of oral calcitonin on cartilage turnover and surface erosion in an ovariectomized rat model. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:2674-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Mooter G. Colon drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2006;3:111-25
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shareef MA, Khar RK, Ahuja A, Colonic drug delivery: an updated review. AAPS PharmSci 2003;5:E17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Urbanowska E, Aukerman SL, Correction by CSF-1 of defects in the osteopetrotic op/op mouse suggests local, developmental, and humoral requirements for this growth factor. Exp Hematol 1991;19:1049-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto M, Tachikawa S, Maeno H. Effects of porcine calcitonin on behavioral and electrophysiological responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp in rabbits. Pharmacology 1982;24:337-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YH, Sinko PJ. Oral delivery of salmon calcitonin. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2000;42:225-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torres-Lugo M, Peppas NA. Transmucosal delivery systems for calcitonin: a review. Biomaterials 2000;21:1191-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buclin T, Cosma RM, Burckhardt P, Bioavailability and biological efficacy of a new oral formulation of salmon calcitonin in healthy volunteers. J Bone Miner Res 2002;17:1478-85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakuma S, Suzuki N, Sudo R, Optimized chemical structure of nanoparticles as carriers for oral delivery of salmon calcitonin. Int J Pharm 2002;239:185-95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guggi D, Kast CE, Bernkop-Schnurch A. In vivo evaluation of an oral salmon calcitonin-delivery system based on a thiolated chitosan carrier matrix. Pharm Res 2003;20:1989-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Chow D, Heiati H, Shen WC. Reversible lipidization for the oral delivery of salmon calcitonin. J Control Release 2003;88:369-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanko LB, Bagger YZ, Alexandersen P, Safety and efficacy of a novel salmon calcitonin (sCT) technology-based oral formulation in healthy postmenopausal women: acute and 3-month effects on biomarkers of bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2004;19:1531-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernkop-Schnurch A, Hoffer MH, Kafedjiiski K. Thiomers for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2004;1:87-98
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lamprecht A, Yamamoto H, Takeuchi H, Kawashima Y. pH-sensitive microsphere delivery increases oral bioavailability of calcitonin. J Control Release 2004;98:1-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta NM, Malootian A, Gilligan JP. Calcitonin for osteoporosis and bone pain. Curr Pharm Des 2003;9:2659-76
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leone-Bay A, Santiago N, Achan D, N-acylated alpha-amino acids as novel oral delivery agents for proteins. J Med Chem 1995;38:4263-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leone-Bay A, McInnes C, Wang N, Microsphere formation in a series of derivatized alpha-amino acids: properties, molecular modeling, and oral delivery of salmon calcitonin. J Med Chem 1995;38:4257-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malkov D, Angelo R, Wang HZ, Oral delivery of insulin with the eligen technology: mechanistic studies. Curr Drug Deliv 2005;2:191-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mustata G, Dinh SM. Approaches to oral drug delivery for challenging molecules. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2006;23:111-35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mlynek GM, Calvo LJ, Robinson JR. Carrier-enhanced human growth hormone absorption across isolated rabbit intestinal tissue. Int J Pharm 2000;197:13-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu SJ, Robinson JR. Transcellular and lipophilic complex-enhanced intestinal absorption of human growth hormone. Pharm Res 1999;16:1266-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Azria M, Influence of food intake on the bioavailability and efficacy of oral calcitonin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2009;67:413-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Riis BJ, Christiansen C. Optimizing bioavailability of oral administration of small peptides through pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters: the effect of water and timing of meal intake on oral delivery of Salmon Calcitonin. BMC Clin Pharmacol 2008;8:5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Riis BJ, Christiansen C. Investigation of the diurnal variation in bone resorption for optimal drug delivery and efficacy in osteoporosis with oral calcitonin. BMC Clin Pharmacol 2008;8:12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Henriksen K, A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of synthetic and recombinant oral salmon calcitonin. J Clin Pharmacol 2009;49:229-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Henriksen K, Investigations of inter- and intraindividual relationships between exposure to oral salmon calcitonin and a surrogate marker of pharmacodynamic efficacy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66:29-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ikegame M, Ejiri S, Ozawa H. Calcitonin-induced change in serum calcium levels and its relationship to osteoclast morphology and number of calcitonin receptors. Bone 2004;35:27-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesnut CH III, Majumdar S, Newitt DC, Effects of salmon calcitonin on trabecular microarchitecture as determined by magnetic resonance imaging: results from the QUEST study. J Bone Miner Res 2005;20:1548-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang Y, Zhao J, Geusens P, Femoral neck trabecular microstructure in ovariectomized ewes treated with calcitonin: MRI microscopic evaluation. J Bone Miner Res 2005;20:125-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Henriksen K, Arnold M, Christiansen C. Calcitonin: a drug of the past or for the future? Physiologic inhibition of bone resorption while sustaining osteoclast numbers improves bone quality. BioDrugs 2008;22:137-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattner R, Epker BN, Frost HM. Suggested sequential mode of control of changes in cell behaviour in adult bone remodelling. Nature 1965;206:489-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Epker B, Frost HM. Resorption precedes formative activity. Surg Forum 1964;15:437-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarnsethsiri P, Hitt OK, Eyring EJ, Frost HM. Tetracycline-based study of bone dynamics in pycnodysostosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1971;74:301-12
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henriksen K, Tanko LB, Qvist P, Assessment of osteoclast number and function: application in the development of new and improved treatment modalities for bone diseases. Osteoporos Int 2007;18:681-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Qvist P, Christiansen C, Tanko LB. Optimising antiresorptive therapies in postmenopausal women: why do we need to give due consideration to the degree of suppression? Drugs 2006;66:1909-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin TJ, Seeman E. New mechanisms and targets in the treatment of bone fragility. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007;112:77-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. Osteoclasts control osteoblast activity, IBMS BoneKEy 2007;4:19-24
   Google Scholar
• Ravn P, Clemmesen B, Christiansen C. Biochemical markers can predict the response in bone mass during alendronate treatment in early postmenopausal women. Alendronate Osteoporosis Prevention Study Group. Bone 1999;24:237-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang JS, Tu ST, Yang TS, Teriparatide vs. calcitonin in the treatment of Asian postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2006;17:373-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlemmer A, Hassager C, Jensen SB, Christiansen C. Marked diurnal variation in urinary excretion of pyridinium cross-links in premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1992;74:476-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertz BJ, Clemens JD, Holland SD, Application of a new serum assay for type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides: assessment of diurnal changes in bone turnover with and without alendronate treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 1998;63:102-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qvist P, Christgau S, Pedersen BJ, Circadian variation in the serum concentration of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (serum CTx): effects of gender, age, menopausal status, posture, daylight, serum cortisol, and fasting. Bone 2002;31:57-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azria M. The calcitonins. Physiology and pharmacology. Basel: Karger; 1989
   Google Scholar
• Bone HG, Bolognese MA, Yuen CK, Effects of denosumab treatment and discontinuation on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24(Suppl 1). Available from: http://www.asbmr.org/Meetings/AnnualMeeting/AbstractDetail.aspx?aid=2167c9c3-703f-43d8-b76b-a35dcf86d465 [Last accessed 28 October 2010]
   Google Scholar
• Eisman J, Bone H III, Hosking D Jr. Odanacatib in the treatment of postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density: long-term continued therapy and resolution of effect. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24(Suppl 1). Available from: http://www.asbmr.org/Meetings/AnnualMeeting/AbstractDetail.aspx?aid=645701ba-5b42-46a4-b3cf-4657bf92fb94 [Last accessed 28 October 2010]
   Google Scholar
• Cummings SR, San MJ, McClung MR, Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2009;361:756-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bone HG, McClung MR, Roux C, 10/29/2009 odanacatib, a cathepsin-K inhibitor for osteoporosis: a two-year study in postmenopausal women with low bone density. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24(Suppl 1). Available from: http://www.asbmr.org/Meetings/AnnualMeeting/AbstractDetail.aspx?aid=645701ba-5b42-46a4-b3cf-4657bf92fb94 [Last accessed 28 October 2010]
   Google Scholar
• Henriksen K, Sorensen MG, Nielsen RH, Degradation of the organic phase of bone by osteoclasts: a secondary role for lysosomal acidification. J Bone Miner Res 2006;21:58-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiviranta R, Morko J, Alatalo SL, Impaired bone resorption in cathepsin K-deficient mice is partially compensated for by enhanced osteoclastogenesis and increased expression of other proteases via an increased RANKL/OPG ratio. Bone 2005;36:159-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overgaard K, Hansen MA, Nielsen VA, Discontinuous calcitonin treatment of established osteoporosis–effects of withdrawal of treatment. Am J Med 1990;89:1-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin TJ, Sims NA. Osteoclast-derived activity in the coupling of bone formation to resorption. Trends Mol Med 2005;11:76-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Mashiba T, Burr DB. Bisphosphonate treatment suppresses not only stochastic remodeling but also the targeted repair of microdamage. Calcif Tissue Int 2001;69:281-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christgau S, Rosenquist C, Alexandersen P, Clinical evaluation of the Serum CrossLaps One Step ELISA, a new assay measuring the serum concentration of bone-derived degradation products of type I collagen C-telopeptides. Clin Chem 1998;44:2290-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burr DB. Targeted and nontargeted remodeling. Bone 2002;30:2-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viguet-Carrin S, Garnero P, Delmas PD. The role of collagen in bone strength. Osteoporos Int 2006;17:319-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrjalsen I, Leeming DJ, Qvist P, Bone turnover and bone collagen maturation in osteoporosis: effects of antiresorptive therapies. Osteoporos Int 2008;19:339-48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Leeming DJ, The effects of oral calcitonin on bone collagen maturation: implications for bone turnover and quality. Osteoporos Int 2008;19:1355-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeming DJ, Henriksen K, Byrjalsen I, Is bone quality associated with collagen age? Osteoporos Int 2009;20:1461-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2005;20:1185-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesnut CH III, Silverman S, Andriano K, A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: the prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. PROOF Study Group. Am J Med 2000;109:267-76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compston J Over-suppression of bone turnover: does it exist? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2007;5:179-185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Watts NB, Diab DL. Long-term use of bisphosphosphonates in osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010: published online 19 February 2010, doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1947
   Google Scholar
• Dobnig H, Stepan JJ, Burr DB, Teriparatide reduces bone microdamage accumulation in postmenopausal women previously treated with alendronate. J Bone Miner Res 2009;24:1998-2006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jung TI, Hoffmann F, Glaeske G, Felsenberg D. Disease-specific risk for an osteonecrosis of the jaw under bisphosphonate therapy. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010;136:363-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black DM, Kelly MP, Genant HK, Bisphosphonates and fractures of the subtrochanteric or diaphyseal femur. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1761-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shane E. Evolving data about subtrochanteric fractures and bisphosphonates. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1825-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knopp JA, Diner BM, Blitz M, Calcitonin for treating acute pain of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2005;16:1281-90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau LA, Hoehns JD. Analgesic efficacy of calcitonin for vertebral fracture pain. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:564-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabopoulou Z, Vadalouca A, Velmachou K, Epidural calcitonin: does it provide better postoperative analgesia? An analysis of the haemodynamic, endocrine, and nociceptive responses of salmon calcitonin and opioids in epidural anesthesia for hip arthroplasty surgery. Pain Pract 2002;2:326-31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ofluoglu D, Akyuz G, Unay O, Kayhan O. The effect of calcitonin on beta-endorphin levels in postmenopausal osteoporotic patients with back pain. Clin Rheumatol 2007;26:44-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pecile A. Calcitonin and relief of pain. Bone Miner 1992;16:187-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delmas PD, Ensrud KE, Adachi JD, Efficacy of raloxifene on vertebral fracture risk reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: four-year results from a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:3609-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennari C. Analgesic effect of calcitonin in osteoporosis. Bone 2002;30:67S-70S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyritis GP, Tsakalakos N, Magiasis B, Analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin in osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49:369-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyritis GP, Paspati I, Karachalios T, Pain relief from nasal salmon calcitonin in osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures. A double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1997;275:112-14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyritis GP, Ioannidis GV, Karachalios T, Analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin suppositories in patients with acute pain due to recent osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures: a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study. Clin J Pain 1999;15:284-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessel C, Worz R. Immediate response of phantom limb pain to calcitonin. Pain 1987;30:79-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger H, Maier C. Calcitonin in phantom limb pain: a double-blind study. Pain 1992;48:21-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zieleniewski W. Calcitonin nasal spray for painful diabetic neuropathy. Lancet 1990;336:449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Appelboom T. Calcitonin in reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome and other painful conditions. Bone 2002;30:84S-86S
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gobelet C, Waldburger M, Meier JL. The effect of adding calcitonin to physical treatment on reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain 1992;48:171-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldburger M, Meier JL, Gobelet C. The frozen shoulder: diagnosis and treatment. Prospective study of 50 cases of adhesive capsulitis. Clin Rheumatol 1992;11:364-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sileghem A, Geusens P, Dequeker J. Intranasal calcitonin for the prevention of bone erosion and bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1992;51:761-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyritis GP, Tsakalakos N, Magiasis B, Analgesic effect of salmon calcitonin in osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49:369-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyritis GP, Paspati I, Karachalios T, Pain relief from nasal salmon calcitonin in osteoporotic vertebral crush fractures. A double blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1997;275:112-14
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martinez-Zapata MJ, Roque M, Alonso-Coello P, Catala E. Calcitonin for metastatic bone pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006;3:CD003223
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braga PC, Dal SM, Bernini A, Antinociceptive activity of salmon calcitonin: electrophysiological correlates in a rat chronic pain model. Neurosci Lett 1993;151:85-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ustdal M, Dogan P, Soyuer A, Terzi S. Treatment of migraine with salmon calcitonin: effects on plasma beta-endorphin, ACTH and cortisol levels. Biomed Pharmacother 1989;43:687-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennari C, Chierichetti MS, Gonnelli S, Migraine prophylaxis with salmon calcitonin: a cross-over double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache 1986;26:13-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altman RD, Collins-Yudiskas B. Synthetic human calcitonin in refractory Paget's disease of bone. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:1305-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miralles FS, Lopez-Soriano F, Puig MM, Postoperative analgesia induced by subarachnoid lidocaine plus calcitonin. Anesth Analg 1987;66:615-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabopoulou Z, Vadalouca A, Velmachou K, Epidural calcitonin: does it provide better postoperative analgesia? An analysis of the haemodynamic, endocrine, and nociceptive responses of salmon calcitonin and opioids in epidural anesthesia for hip arthroplasty surgery. Pain Pract 2002;2:326-31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pagani F, Netti C, Guidobono F, Effects of amylin and salmon calcitonin on beta-endorphin-induced growth hormone and prolactin secretion in the rat. Neuroendocrinology 1998;68:220-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda Y, Yamada K, Hasegawa T, Relationship between anti-aversive effects of salmon calcitonin and plasma levels of ACTH, beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2 in mice. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1994;83:15-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rohner J, Planche D. Mechanism of the analgesic effect of calcitonin evidence for a twofold effect: morphine-like and cortisone-like. Clin Rheumatol 1985;4:218-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gennari C, Agnusdei D, Camporeale A. Use of calcitonin in the treatment of bone pain associated with osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1991;49(Suppl 2):S9-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, Dam EB, Should subchondral bone turnover be targeted when treating osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008;16:638-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwan TS, Lajeunesse D, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J. Targeting subchondral bone for treating osteoarthritis: what is the evidence? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010;24:51-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayami T, Pickarski M, Wesolowski GA, The role of subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis: reduction of cartilage degeneration and prevention of osteophyte formation by alendronate in the rat anterior cruciate ligament transection model. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1193-206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qvist P, Christiansen C, Karsdal MA, Application of biochemical markers in development of drugs for treatment of osteoarthritis. Biomarkers 2010;15:1-19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karsdal MA, Byrjalsen I, Henriksen K, The effect of oral salmon calcitonin delivered with 5-CNAC on bone and cartilage degradation in osteoarthritic patients: a 14-day randomized study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2010;18:150-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondergaard BC, Wulf H, Henriksen K, Calcitonin directly attenuates collagen type II degradation by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in articular chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2006;14:759-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondergaard BC, Madsen SH, Segovia-Silvestre T, Investigation of the direct effects of salmon calcitonin on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010;11:62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purdue BW, Tilakaratne N, Sexton PM. Molecular pharmacology of the calcitonin receptor. Receptors Channels 2002;8:243-55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tilakaratne N, Christopoulos G, Zumpe ET, Amylin receptor phenotypes derived from human calcitonin receptor/RAMP coexpression exhibit pharmacological differences dependent on receptor isoform and host cell environment. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;294:61-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young AA, Wang MW, Gedulin B, Diabetogenic effects of salmon calcitonin are attributable to amylin-like activity. Metabolism 1995;44:1581-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edelman S, Maier H, Wilhelm K. Pramlintide in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. BioDrugs 2008;22:375-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krentz AJ, Patel MB, Bailey CJ. New drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is their place in therapy? Drugs 2008;68:2131-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gattereau A, Bielmann P, Durivage J, Effect of acute and chronic administration of calcitonin on serum glucose in patients with Paget's disease of bone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:354-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petralito A, Lunetta M, Liuzzo A, Effects of salmon calcitonin on blood glucose and insulin levels under basal conditions and after intravenous glucose load. J Endocrinol Invest 1979;2:209-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passariello N, Giugliano D, Sgambato S, Calcitonin, a diabetogenic hormone? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981;53:318-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giugliano D, Passariello N, Sgambato S, Calcitonin modulation of insulin and glucagon secretion in man. Am J Physiol 1982;242:E206-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sgambato S, Passariello N, Giugliano D, D'Onofrio F. Effect of calcitonin on insulin response to arginine in man. Diabetes Metab 1979;5:213-16
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Starke A, Keck E, Berger M, Zimmermann H. Effects of calcium and calcitonin on circulating levels of glucagon and glucose in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1981;20:547-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kung AW, Pasion EG, Sofiyan M, A comparison of teriparatide and calcitonin therapy in postmenopausal Asian women with osteoporosis: a 6-month study. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:929-37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manicourt DH, Azria M, Mindeholm L, Devogelaer JP. Efficacy of calcitonin therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a clinical and biochemical preliminary study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005;13:s88
   Google Scholar