775
Views
122
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Targeting IL-1 in depression

, MD PhD, , PhD & , PhD
Pages 1097-1112 | Published online: 27 Aug 2012

Bibliography

  • Maes M, Yirmyia R, Noraberg J, The inflammatory & neurodegenerative (I&ND) hypothesis of depression: leads for future research and new drug developments in depression. Metab Brain Dis 2009;24(1):27-53
  • Moylan S, Maes M, Wray NR, Berk M. The neuroprogressive nature of major depressive disorder: pathways to disease evolution and resistance, and therapeutic implications. Mol Psychiatry 2012; Epub ahead of print
  • Leonard B, Maes M. Mechanistic explanations how cell–mediated immune activation, inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways and their sequels and concomitants play a role in the pathophysiology of unipolar depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012;36(2):764-85
  • Kubera M, Obuchowicz E, Goehler L, In animal models, psychosocial stress–induced (neuro)inflammation, apoptosis and reduced neurogenesis are associated to the onset of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011;35(3):744-59
  • Song C, Wang H. Cytokines mediated inflammation and decreased neurogenesis in animal models of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011;35(3):760-8
  • Catena-Dell'Osso M, Bellantuono C, Consoli G, Inflammatory and neurodegenerative pathways in depression: a new avenue for antidepressant development? Curr Med Chem 2011;18(2):245-55
  • Berk M, Kapczinski F, Andreazza AC, Pathways underlying neuroprogression in bipolar disorder: focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophic factors. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011;35(3):804-17
  • Maes M, Bosmans E, Suy E, Depression–related disturbances in mitogen–induced lymphocyte responses and interleukin–1 beta and soluble interleukin–2 receptor production. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991;84(4):379-86
  • Gough NR. Switching macrophage responses. Sci Signal 2009;2(81):ec252
  • Pelegrin P, Surprenant A. Dynamics of macrophage polarization reveal new mechanism to inhibit IL-1beta release through pyrophosphates. EMBO J 2009;28(14):2114-27
  • Arend WP, Guthridge CJ. Biological role of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist isoforms. Ann Rheum Dis 2000;59(Suppl 1):i60-4
  • Dinarello CA. Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin–1 family. Annu Rev Immunol 2009;27:519-50
  • Maes M, Berk M, Galecki P, Clinical depression, a progressive disorder, and sickness behavior, an adaptive behavioral response, are Janus-faced responses to shared inflammatory pathways. BMC Med 2012;10:66
  • Maes M. Depression is an inflammatory disease, but cell-mediated immune activation is the key component of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011;35(3):664-75
  • Zhu J, Paul WE. CD4 T cells: fates, functions, and faults. Blood 2008;112(5):1557-69
  • Wachter H, Fuchs D, Hausen A, In: Neopterin; biochemistry, methods, and clinical application. Walter de Gruyter; Berlin-New York: 1992
  • Afzali B, Lombardi G, Lechler RI, Lord GM. The role of T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cells (Treg) in human organ transplantation and autoimmune disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2007;148(1):32-46
  • Weaver CT, Harrington LE, Mangan PR, Th17: an effector CD4 T cell lineage with regulatory T cell ties. Immunity 2006;24(6):677-88
  • Acosta-Rodriguez EV, Napolitani G, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F. Interleukins 1beta and 6 but not transforming growth factor-beta are essential for the differentiation of interleukin 17-producing human T helper cells. Nat Immunol 2007;8(9):942-9
  • Longhi MS, Hussain MJ, Mitry RR, Functional study of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in health and autoimmune hepatitis. J Immunol 2006;176(7):4484-91
  • Berda-Haddad Y, Robert S, Salers P, Sterile inflammation of endothelial cell-derived apoptotic bodies is mediated by interleukin-1alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108(51):20684-9
  • Spulber S, Bartfai T, Schultzberg M. IL–1/IL–1ra balance in the brain revisited – evidence from transgenic mouse models. Brain Behav Immun 2009;23(5):573-9
  • Sone S, Orino E, Mizuno K, Production of IL–1 and its receptor antagonist is regulated differently by IFN–gamma and IL–4 in human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. Eur Respir J 1994;7(4):657-63
  • Xiao E, Xia L, Ferin M, Wardlaw SL. Intracerebroventricular injection of interleukin–1 stimulates the release of high levels of interleukin–6 and interleukin–1 receptor antagonist into peripheral blood in the primate. J Neuroimmunol 1999;97(1–2):70-6
  • Kay J, Calabrese L. The role of interleukin–1 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004;43(Suppl 3):iii2-9
  • Perrier S, Darakhshan F, Hajduch E. IL–1 receptor antagonist in metabolic diseases: dr Jekyll or Mr Hyde? FEBS Lett 2006;580(27):6289-94
  • Dinarello CA. The role of the interleukin–1–receptor antagonist in blocking inflammation mediated by interleukin–1. N Engl J Med 2000;343(10):732-4
  • Maes M. A review on the acute phase response in major depression. Rev Neurosci 1993;4(4):407-16
  • Maes M, De Vos N, Demedts P, Lower serum zinc in major depression in relation to changes in serum acute phase proteins. J Affect Disord 1999;56(2-3):189-94
  • Maes M, Delange J, Ranjan R, Acute phase proteins in schizophrenia, mania and major depression: modulation by psychotropic drugs. Psychiatry Res 1997;66(1):1-11
  • Berk M, Wadee AA, Kuschke RH, O'Neill–Kerr A. Acute phase proteins in major depression. J Psychosom Res 1997;43(5):529-34
  • Howren MB, Lamkin DM, Suls J. Associations of depression with C–reactive protein, IL–1, and IL–6: a meta–analysis. Psychosom Med 2009;71(2):171-86
  • Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, A meta–analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010;67(5):446-57
  • Liu Y, Ho RC, Mak A. Interleukin (IL)–6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF–alpha) and soluble interleukin–2 receptors (sIL–2R) are elevated in patients with major depressive disorder: A meta–analysis and meta–regression. J Affect Disord 2011; Epub ahead of print
  • Maes M, Mihaylova I, Kubera M, Ringel K. Activation of cell–mediated immunity in depression: association with inflammation, melancholia, clinical staging and the fatigue and somatic symptom cluster of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012;36(1):169-75
  • Chen Y, Jiang T, Chen P, Emerging tendency towards autoimmune process in major depressive patients: a novel insight from Th17 cells. Psychiatry Res 2011;188(2):224-30
  • Maes M, Christophe A, Bosmans E, In humans, serum polyunsaturated fatty acid levels predict the response of proinflammatory cytokines to psychologic stress. Biol Psychiatry 2000;47(10):910-20
  • Maes M, Bosmans E, Meltzer HY, Interleukin–1 beta: a putative mediator of HPA axis hyperactivity in major depression? Am J Psychiatry 1993;150(8):1189-93
  • Anisman H, Ravindran AV, Griffiths J, Merali Z. Interleukin–1 beta production in dysthymia before and after pharmacotherapy. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46(12):1649-55
  • Piletz JE, Halaris A, Iqbal O, Pro–inflammatory biomakers in depression: treatment with venlafaxine. World J Biol Psychiatry 2009;10(4):313-23
  • Diniz BS, Teixeira AL, Talib L, Interleukin–1beta serum levels is increased in antidepressant–free elderly depressed patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010;18(2):172-6
  • Corwin EJ, Johnston N, Pugh L. Symptoms of postpartum depression associated with elevated levels of interleukin–1 beta during the first month postpartum. Biol Res Nurs 2008;10(2):128-33
  • Einvik G, Vistnes M, Hrubos–Strom H, Circulating cytokine concentrations are not associated with major depressive disorder in a community–based cohort. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012;34(3):262-7
  • Marques–Deak AH, Neto FL, Dominguez WV, Cytokine profiles in women with different subtypes of major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2007;41(1–2):152-9
  • Maes M, Vandoolaeghe E, Ranjan R, Increased serum interleukin–1–receptor–antagonist concentrations in major depression. J Affect Disord 1995;36(1–2):29-36
  • Maes M, Bosmans E, De Jongh R, Increased serum IL–6 and IL–1 receptor antagonist concentrations in major depression and treatment resistant depression. Cytokine 1997;9(11):853-8
  • Kubera M, Kenis G, Bosmans E, Plasma levels of interleukin–6, interleukin–10, and interleukin–1 receptor antagonist in depression: comparison between the acute state and after remission. Pol J Pharmacol 2000;52(3):237-41
  • Rief W, Pilger F, Ihle D, Immunological differences between patients with major depression and somatization syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2001;105(3):165-74
  • Maes M, Ombelet W, De Jongh R, The inflammatory response following delivery is amplified in women who previously suffered from major depression, suggesting that major depression is accompanied by a sensitization of the inflammatory response system. J Affect Disord 2001;63(1–3):85-92
  • Ovaskainen Y, Koponen H, Jokelainen J, Depressive symptomatology is associated with decreased interleukin–1 beta and increased interleukin–1 receptor antagonist levels in males. Psychiatry Res 2009;167(1–2):73-9
  • Milaneschi Y, Corsi AM, Penninx BW, Interleukin–1 receptor antagonist and incident depressive symptoms over 6 years in older persons: the InCHIANTI study. Biol Psychiatry 2009;65(11):973-8
  • Lehto SM, Niskanen L, Miettola J, Serum anti–inflammatory markers in general population subjects with elevated depressive symptoms. Neurosci Lett 2010;484(3):201-5
  • Borkowska P, Kucia K, Rzezniczek S, Interleukin–1beta promoter (–31T/C and –511C/T) polymorphisms in major recurrent depression. J Mol Neurosci 2011;44(1):12-16
  • Hwang JP, Tsai SJ, Hong CJ, Interleukin–1 beta –511C/T genetic polymorphism is associated with age of onset of geriatric depression. Neuromolecular Med 2009;11(4):322-7
  • Baune BT, Dannlowski U, Domschke K, The interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) gene is associated with failure to achieve remission and impaired emotion processing in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 2010;67(6):543-9
  • Misener VL, Gomez L, Wigg KG, International Consortium for Childhood–Onset Mood Disorders. Cytokine Genes TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL1RN and IL10, and childhood–onset mood disorders. Neuropsychobiology 2008;58(2):71-80
  • Yu YW, Chen TJ, Hong CJ, Association study of the interleukin–1 beta (C–511T) genetic polymorphism with major depressive disorder, associated symptomatology, and antidepressant response. Neuropsychopharmacol 2003;28(6):1182-5
  • Maes M, Scharpe S, Bosmans E, Disturbances in acute phase plasma proteins during melancholia: additional evidence for the presence of an inflammatory process during that illness. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1992;16(4):501-15
  • Yirmiya R, Weidenfeld J, Pollak Y, Cytokines, "depression due to a general medical condition," and antidepressant drugs. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999b;461:283-316
  • Yirmiya R. Endotoxin produces a depressive–like episode in rats. Brain Res 1996;711:163-74
  • Maes M, Meltzer HY, Scharp S, Psychomotor retardation, anorexia, weight loss, sleep disturbances, and loss of energy: psychopathological correlates of hyperhaptoglobinemia during major depression. Psychiatry Res 1993;47(3):229-41
  • Yirmiya R. Behavioral and psychological effects of immune activation: implications for “depression due to a general medical condition”. Curr Opin Psychiatry 1997;10:470-6
  • Yirmiya R, Pollak Y, Morag M, Illness, cytokines, and depression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000;917:478-87
  • Avitsur R, Donchin O, Barak O, Behavioral effects of interleukin–1 beta: modulation by gender, estrus cycle, and progesterone. Brain Behav Immun 1995;9:234-41
  • Swiergiel AH, Smagin GN, Johnson LJ, Dunn AJ. The role of cytokines in the behavioral responses to endotoxin and influenza virus infection in mice: effects of acute and chronic administration of the interleukin–1–receptor antagonist (IL–1ra). Brain Res 1997;776:96-104
  • Song C, Horrobin DF, Leonard BE. The comparison of changes in behavior, neurochemistry, endocrine, and immune functions after different routes, doses and durations of administrations of IL–1beta in rats. Pharmacopsychiatry 2006;39:88-99
  • Swiergiel AH, Dunn AJ. Effects of interleukin–1beta and lipopolysaccharide on behavior of mice in the elevated plus–maze and open field tests. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2007;86:651-9
  • Carmichael MD, Davis JM, Murphy EA, Role of brain IL–1beta on fatigue after exercise–induced muscle damage. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006;291:R1344-8
  • Connor TJ, Song C, Leonard BE, An assessment of the effects of central interleukin–1beta, –2, –6, and tumor necrosis factor–alpha administration on some behavioural, neurochemical, endocrine and immune parameters in the rat. Neuroscience 1998;84:923-33
  • Song C, Leonard BE, Horrobin DF. Dietary ethyl–eicosapentaenoic acid but not soybean oil reverses central interleukin–1–induced changes in behavior, corticosterone and immune response in rats. Stress 2004;7:43-54
  • Yirmiya R, Goshen I. Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2011;25:181-213
  • Kent S, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Different receptor mechanisms mediate the pyrogenic and behavioral effects of interleukin 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:9117-20
  • Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Kelley KW. Central mediation of the effects of interleukin–1 on social exploration and body weight in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1997;22:1-11
  • Yirmiya R, Avitsur R, Donchin O, Cohen E. Interleukin–1 inhibits sexual behavior in female but not in male rats. Brain Behav Immun 1995;9:220-33
  • Merali Z, Brennan K, Brau P, Anisman H. Dissociating anorexia and anhedonia elicited by interleukin–1beta: antidepressant and gender effects on responding for "free chow" and "earned" sucrose intake. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003;165:413-18
  • Larson SJ. Lipopolysaccharide and interleukin–1beta decrease sucrose intake but do not affect expression of place preference in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006;84:429-35
  • Avitsur R, Pollak Y, Yirmiya R. Administration of interleukin–1 into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus induces febrile and behavioral effects. Neuroimmunomodulation 1997;4:258-65
  • Goshen I, Kreisel T, Ben–Menachem–Zidon O, Brain interleukin–1 mediates chronic stress–induced depression in mice via adrenocortical activation and hippocampal neurogenesis suppression. Mol Psychiatry 2008;13:717-28
  • Koo JW, Duman RS. IL-1beta is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105:751-6
  • Bonaccorso S, Maier SF, Meltzer HY, Maes M. Behavioral changes in rats after acute, chronic and repeated administration of interleukin–1beta: relevance for affective disorders. J Affect Disord 2003;77:143-8
  • Dunn AJ, Swiergiel AH. Effects of interleukin-1 and endotoxin in the forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2005;81:688-93
  • Song C, Merali Z, Anisman H. Variations of nucleus accumbens dopamine and serotonin following systemic interleukin–1, interleukin-2 or interleukin–6 treatment. Neuroscience 1999;88(3):823-36
  • Zunszain PA, Anacker C, Cattaneo A, Interleukin–1beta: a new regulator of the kynurenine pathway affecting human hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012;37(4):939-49
  • Ajmone–Cat MA, Cacci E, Ragazzoni Y, Pro–gliogenic effect of IL–1alpha in the differentiation of embryonic neural precursor cells in vitro. J Neurochem 2010;113:1060-72
  • Goshen I, Yirmiya R. Interleukin–1 (IL–1): a central regulator of stress responses. Front Neuroendocrinol 2009;30:30-45
  • Buchanan JB, Johnson RW. Regulation of food intake by inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Neuroendocrinology 2007;86(3):183-90
  • Song C, Manku MS, Horrobin DF. Long–chain polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate interleukin–1beta–induced changes in behavior, monoaminergic neurotransmitters, and brain inflammation in rats. J Nutr 2008;138:954-63
  • Krueger JM, Majde JA. Humoral links between sleep and the immune system: research issues. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2003;992:9-20
  • Avitsur R, Weidenfeld J, Yirmiya R. Cytokines inhibit sexual behavior in female rats: II. Prostaglandins mediate the suppressive effects of interleukin–1beta. Brain Behav Immun 1999;13:33-45
  • Avitsur R, Yirmiya R. The immunobiology of sexual behavior: gender differences in the suppression of sexual activity during illness. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999;64:787-96
  • Koo JW, Duman RS. Evidence for IL–1 receptor blockade as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of depression. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2009;10:664-71
  • Ben Menachem–Zidon O, Goshen I, Kreisel T, Intrahippocampal transplantation of transgenic neural precursor cells overexpressing interleukin–1 receptor antagonist blocks chronic isolation–induced impairment in memory and neurogenesis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008;33:2251-62
  • Yirmiya R, Goshen I. Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2011;25(2):181-213
  • Taepavarapruk P, Song C. Reductions of acetylcholine release and nerve growth factor expression are correlated with memory impairment induced by interleukin–1beta administrations: effects of omega–3 fatty acid EPA treatment. J Neurochem 2010;112(4):1054-64
  • Tong L, Balazs R, Soiampornkul R, Interleukin-1 beta impairs brain derived neurotrophic factor-induced signal transduction. Neurobiol Aging 2008;29(9):1380-93
  • Barrientos RM, Sprunger DB, Campeau S, BDNF mRNA expression in rat hippocampus following contextual learning is blocked by intrahippocampal IL-1beta administration. J Neuroimmunol 2004;155(1-2):119-26
  • Xia Z, DePierre JW, Nassberger L. Tricyclic antidepressants inhibit IL–6, IL–1 beta and TNF–alpha release in human blood monocytes and IL–2 and interferon–gamma in T cells. Immunopharmacology 1996;34(1):27-37
  • Obuchowicz E, Kowalski J, Labuzek K, Amitriptyline and nortriptyline inhibit interleukin–1 release by rat mixed glial and microglial cell cultures. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;9(1):27-35
  • Kubera M, Symbirtsev A, Basta–Kaim A, Effect of chronic treatment with imipramine on interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production by splenocytes obtained from rats subjected to a chronic mild stress model of depression. Pol J Pharmacol 1996;48(5):503-6
  • Maes M, Song C, Lin AH, In vitro immunoregulatory effects of lithium in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1999;143(4):401-7
  • Hannestad J, DellaGioia N, Bloch M. The effect of antidepressant medication treatment on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines: a meta–analysis. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011;36(12):2452-9
  • Himmerich H, Milenovi S, Fulda S, Regulatory T cells increased while IL-1beta decreased during antidepressant therapy. J Psychiatr Res 2010;44(15):1052-7
  • Lee SK, Lee HS, Lee TB, The effects of antidepressant treatment on serum cytokines and nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. J Korean Med Sci 2004;19(3):384-9
  • Maes M, Song C, Lin AH, Negative immunoregulatory effects of antidepressants: inhibition of interferon–gamma and stimulation of interleukin–10 secretion. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;20(4):370-9
  • Kubera M, Obuchowicz E, Goehler L, In animal models, psychosocial stress-induced (neuro)inflammation, apoptosis and reduced neurogenesis are associated to the onset of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011;35(3):744-59
  • Maes M, Fisar Z, Medina M, New drug targets in depression: inflammatory, cell–mediated immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial, antioxidant, and neuroprogressive pathways. And new drug candidates–Nrf2 activators and GSK–3 inhibitors. Inflammopharmacology 2012;20(3):127-50
  • Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Kelley KW. Effects of interleukin–1 receptor antagonist on the behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide in rat. Brain Res 1992;573:318-20
  • Barak O, Goshen I, Ben–Hur T, Involvement of brain cytokines in the neurobehavioral disturbances induced by HIV–1 glycoprotein120. Brain Res 2002;933:98-108
  • Yirmiya R, Weidenfeld J, Barak O, The role of brain cytokines in mediating the behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of intracerebral mycoplasma fermentans. Brain Res 1999;829:28-38
  • Pollak Y, Orion E, Goshen I, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis–associated behavioral syndrome as a model of 'depression due to multiple sclerosis'. Brain Behav Immun 2002;16:533-43
  • Craft TK, DeVries AC. Role of IL–1 in poststroke depressive–like behavior in mice. Biol Psychiatry 2006;60:812-18
  • Norman GJ, Karelina K, Zhang N, Stress and IL–1beta contribute to the development of depressive–like behavior following peripheral nerve injury. Mol Psychiatry 2010;15:404-14
  • Maier SF, Watkins LR. Intracerebroventricular interleukin–1 receptor antagonist blocks the enhancement of fear conditioning and interference with escape produced by inescapable shock. Brain Res 1995;695:279-82
  • Arakawa H, Blandino P Jr, Deak T. Central infusion of interleukin–1 receptor antagonist blocks the reduction in social behavior produced by prior stressor exposure. Physiol Behav 2009;98:139-46
  • Fleishmann RM. Safety of anakinra, a recombinant interleukin–1 receptor antagonist (r-metHuIL–1ra), in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and comparison to anti–TNF–alpha agents. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002;20(5 Suppl 27):S35-41
  • Cutolo M. IL-1Ra: its role in rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatismo 2004;56(1 Suppl 1):41-5
  • Fiocco U, Vezz M, Cozzi L, Todesco S. IL–1Ra (recombinant human IL–1 receptor antagonist) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: the efficacy. Reumatismo 2004;56(1 Suppl 1):62-73
  • Volarevic V, Al–Qahtani A, Arsenijevic N, Interleukin–1 receptor antagonist (IL–1Ra) and IL–1Ra producing mesenchymal stem cells as modulators of diabetogenesis. Autoimmunity 2010;43(4):255-63
  • Ablamunits V, Henegariu O, Hansen JB, Synergistic reversal of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice with anti–CD3 and interleukin-1 blockade: evidence of improved immune regulation. Diabetes 2012;61(1):145-54
  • Sumpter KM, Adhikari S, Grishman EK, White PC. Preliminary studies related to anti–interleukin–1beta therapy in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2011;12(7):656-67
  • Banerjee M, Saxena M. Interleukin–1 (IL–1) family of cytokines: role in Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Chim Acta 2012;413(15–16):1163-70
  • Luotola K, Pietil A, Zeller T, Health 2000 and FINRISK97 Studies. Associations between interleukin–1 (IL–1) gene variations or IL–1 receptor antagonist levels and the development of type 2 diabetes. J Intern Med 2011;269(3):322-32
  • Dinarello CA, Donath MY, Mandrup–Poulsen T. Role of IL–1beta in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010;17(4):314-21
  • Tyring S, Gottlieb A, Papp K, Etanercept and clinical outcomes, fatigue, and depression in psoriasis: double-blind placebo–controlled randomised phase III trial. Lancet 2006;367(9504):29-35
  • Niu X, He D, Deng S, Regulatory immune responses induced by IL–1 receptor antagonist in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Immunol 2011;49(1–2):290-6
  • Bertazzo A, Punzi L, Bertazzolo N, Tryptophan catabolism in synovial fluid of various arthropathies and its relationship with inflammatory cytokines. Adv Exp Med Biol 1999;467:565-70
  • Mantovani A, Sica A, Locati M. Macrophage polarization comes of age. Immunity 2005;23(4):344-6
  • Ikonomidis I, Lekakis JP, Nikolaou M, Inhibition of interleukin–1 by anakinra improves vascular and left ventricular function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Circulation 2008;117(20):2662-9
  • Schwarznau A, Hanson MS, Sperger JM, IL–1beta receptor blockade protects islets against pro–inflammatory cytokine induced necrosis and apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2009;220(2):341-7
  • Abbate A, Salloum FN, Vecile E, Anakinra, a recombinant human interleukin–1 receptor antagonist, inhibits apoptosis in experimental acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008;117(20):2670-83
  • Kaiser C, Knight A, Nordstrom D, Injection–site reactions upon Kineret (anakinra) administration: experiences and explanations. Rheumatol Int 2012;32(2):295-9
  • Jonville–Bera AP, Guilmot JL, Aspe G, Is exogenous administration of IL–1ra (anakinra) likely to induce severe depression? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011;67(2):213-14

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.