296
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Targeting testis-specific proteins to inhibit spermatogenesis: lesson from endocrine disrupting chemicals

, , & , PhD
Pages 839-855 | Published online: 22 Apr 2013

Bibliography

  • Jungwirth A, Giwercman A, Tournaye H, et al. European Association of Urology guidelines on male infertility: the 2012 update. Eur Urol 2012;62:324-32
  • Ray A, Shah A, Gudi A, et al. Unexplained infertility: an update and review of practice. Reprod Biomed Online 2012;24:591-602
  • Kilchevsky A, Honig S. Male factor infertility in 2011: semen quality, sperm selection and hematospermia. Nat Rev Urol 2012;9:68-70
  • Harnisch B, Oates R. Genetic disorders related to male factor infertility and their adverse consequences. Semin Reprod Med 2012;30:105-15
  • Cheng CY, Wong EWP, Lie PPY, et al. Environmental toxicants and male reproductive function. Spermatogenesis 2011;1:2-13
  • Nordkap L, Joensen UN, Blomberg JM, et al. Regional differences and temporal trends in male reproductive health disorders: semen quality may be a sensitive marker of environmental exposures. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012;355:221-30
  • Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguignon JP, Giudice LC, et al. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. Endocr Rev 2009;30:293-342
  • Hayes HM, Tarone RE, Casey HW, et al. Excess of seminomas observed in Vietnam service U.S. military working dogs. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:1042-6
  • Taylor JA, Richter CA, Ruhlen RL, et al. Estrogenic environmental chemicals and drugs: mechanisms for effects on the developing male urogenital system. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2011;127:83-95
  • Safe S. Cadmium's disguise dupes the estrogen receptor. Nat Med 2003;9:1000-1
  • Kortenkamp A, Faust M. Combined exposures to anti-androgenic chemicals: steps towards cumulative risk assessment. Int J Androl 2010;33:463-74
  • Marty MS, Chapin RE, Parks LG, et al. Development and maturation of the male reproductive system. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol 2003;68:125-36
  • Li MW, Mruk DD, Lee WM, et al. Disruption of the blood-testis barrier integrity by bisphenol A in vitro: is this a suitable model for studying blood-testis barrier dynamics? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009;41:2302-14
  • Amory JK. Drug effects on spermatogenesis. Drugs Today (Barc) 2007;43:717-24
  • Hou WG, Zhao J, Li Z, et al. Effects of electromagnetic pulse irradiation on the mouse blood-testicle barrier. Urology 2012;80:225 e1-6
  • Campion S, Catlin N, Heger N, et al. Male reprotoxicity and endocrine disruption. EXS 2012;101:315-60
  • Jurewicz J, Hanke W, Radwan M, et al. Environmental factors and semen quality. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2009;22:305-29
  • Hauser R. The environment and male fertility: recent research on emerging chemicals and semen quality. Semin Reprod Med 2006;24:156-67
  • Mocarelli P, Gerthoux PM, Patterson DG Jr, et al. Dioxin exposure, from infancy through puberty, produces endocrine disruption and affects human semen quality. Environ Health Perspect 2008;116:70-7
  • Sharpe RM. Regulation of spermatogenesis. In: Knobil E, Neill JD, editors. The physiology of reproduction. Raven Press, New York; 1994. p. 1363-434
  • O'Donnell L, Meachem SJ, Stanton PG, et al. Endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis. In: Neill JD, editor. Physiology of reproduction. 3rd edition. Elsevier; Amsterdam: 2006. p. 1017-69
  • Manna PR, Chandrala SP, Jo Y, et al. cAMP-independent signaling regulates steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells in the absence of StAR phosphorylation. J Mol Endocrinol 2006;37:81-95
  • Scott HM, Mason JI, Sharpe RM. Steroidogenesis in the fetal testis and its susceptibility to disruption by exogenous compounds. Endocr Rev 2009;30:883-925
  • Gray LE, Ostby J, Furr J, et al. Effects of environmental antiandrogens on reproductive development in experimental animals. Human Reprod Update 2001;7:248-64
  • Shi Z, Feng Y, Wang J, et al. Perfluorododecanoic acid-induced steroidogenic inhibition is associated with steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and reactive oxygen species in cAMP-stimulated Leydig cells. Toxicol Sci 2010;114:285-94
  • Shi Z, Ding L, Zhang H, et al. Chronic exposure to perfluorododecanoic acid disrupts testicular steroidogenesis and the expression of related genes in male rats. Toxicol Lett 2009;188:192-200
  • Wan HT, Zhao YG, Wong MH, et al. Testicular signaling is the potential target of perfluorooctanesulfonate-mediated subfertility in male mice. Biol Reprod 2011;84:1016-23
  • Doumouchtsis KK, Doumouchtsis SK, Doumouchtsis EK, et al. The effect of lead intoxication on endocrine functions. J Endocrinol Invest 2009;32:175-83
  • Gunnarsson D, Nordberg G, Selstam G. Differential effects of cadmium on the gene expression of seven-transmembrane-spanning receptors and GAPDH in the rat testis. Toxicol Lett 2007;168:51-7
  • Rider CV, Furr J, Wilson VS, et al. A mixture of seven antiandrogens induces reproductive malformations in rats. Int J Androl 2008;31:249-62
  • Rider CV, Furr JR, Wilson VS, et al. Cumulative effects of in utero administration of mixtures of reproductive toxicants that disrupt common target tissues via diverse mechanisms of toxicity. Int J Androl 2010;33:443-62
  • Johnson KJ, Heger NE, Boekelheide K. Of mice and men (and rats): phthalate-induced fetal testis endocrine disruption is species-dependent. Toxicol Sci 2012;129:235-48
  • Pandya C, Pillai P, Nampoothiri LP, et al. Effect of lead and cadmium co-exposure on testicular steroid metabolism and antioxidant system of adult male rats. Andrologia 2012;44(Suppl 1):813-22
  • Tan SW, Meiller JC, Mahaffey KR. The endocrine effects of mercury in humans and wildlife. Crit Rev Toxicol 2009;39:228-69
  • Manna PR, Roy P, Clark BJ, et al. Interaction of thyroid hormone and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in the regulation of murine Leydig cell steroidogenesis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2001;76:167-77
  • Meeker JD, Ferguson KK. Relationship between urinary phthalate and bisphenol A concentrations and serum thyroid measures in U.S. adults and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2008. Environ Health Perspect 2011;119:1396-402
  • Wagner MS, Wajner SM, Maia AL. Is there a role for thyroid hormone on spermatogenesis? Microsc Res Tech 2009;72:796-808
  • Colon E, Zaman F, Axelson M, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-I is an important antiapoptotic factor for rat leydig cells during postnatal development. Endocrinology 2007;148:128-39
  • Froment P, Vigier M, Negre D, et al. Inactivation of the IGF-I receptor gene in primary Sertoli cells highlights the autocrine effects of IGF-I. J Endocrinol 2007;194:557-68
  • Li Y, Ramdhan DH, Naito H, et al. Ammonium perfluorooctanoate may cause testosterone reduction by adversely affecting testis in relation to PPARalpha. Toxicol Lett 2011;205:265-72
  • Fan J, Papadopoulos V. Transcriptional regulation of translocator protein (Tspo) via a SINE B2-mediated natural antisense transcript in MA-10 Leydig cells. Biol Reprod 2012;86:147; 1-15
  • Li MWM, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Gap junctions and blood-tissue barriers. Adv Exp Med Biol 2012;763:260-80
  • Siu ER, Mruk DD, Porto CS, et al. Cadmium-induced testicular injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;238:240-9
  • Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Environmental contaminants. Is male reproductive helath at risk? Spermatogenesis 2011;1:283-90
  • Pointis G, Gilleron J, Carette D, et al. Testicular connexin 43, a precocious molecular target for the effect of environmental toxicants on male fertility. Spermatogenesis 2011;1:303-17
  • Chandrashekar V, Zaczek D, Bartke A. The consequences of altered somatotropic system on reproduction. Biol Reprod 2004;71:17-27
  • Croutch CR, Lebofsky M, Schramm KW, et al. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HxCDD) alter body weight by decreasing insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling. Toxicol Sci 2005;85:560-71
  • Meeker JD, Godfrey-Bailey L, Hauser R. Relationships between serum hormone levels and semen quality among men from an infertility clinic. J Androl 2007;28:397-406
  • Meeker JD, Calafat AM, Hauser R. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations in relation to serum thyroid and reproductive hormone levels in men from an infertility clinic. Environ Sci Technol 2010;44:1458-63
  • Mocarelli P, Gerthoux PM, Needham LL, et al. Perinatal exposure to low doses of dioxin can permanently impair human semen quality. Environ Health Perspect 2011;119:713-18
  • Rey RA, Musse M, Venara M, et al. Ontogeny of the androgen receptor expression in the fetal and postnatal testis: its relevance on Sertoli cell maturation and the onset of adult spermatogenesis. Microsc Res Tech 2009;72:787-95
  • De Gendt K, Swinnen JV, Saunders PT, et al. A Sertoli cell-selective knockout of the androgen receptor causes spermatogenic arrest in meiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:1327-32
  • Chang C, Chen Y, Yeh S, et al. Infertility with defective spermatogenesis and hypotestosteronemia in male mice lacking the androgen receptor in Sertoli cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004;101:6876-81
  • Boukari K, Meduri G, Brailly-Tabard S, et al. Lack of androgen receptor expression in Sertoli cells accounts for the absence of anti-Mullerian hormone repression during early human testis development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;94:1818-25
  • Shakil T, Hoque AN, Husain M, et al. Differential regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and gene expression by androgen: membrane versus nuclear receptor activation. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2592-602
  • Massin N, Bry H, Vija L, et al. Healthy birth after testicular extraction of sperm and ICSI from an azoospermic man with mild androgen insensitivity syndrome caused by an androgen receptor partial loss-of-function mutation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012;77:593-8
  • Lazaros L, Xita N, Takenaka A, et al. Semen quality is influenced by androgen receptor and aromatase gene synergism. Hum Reprod 2012;27(12):3385-92
  • Grover A, Smith CE, Gregory M, et al. Effects of FSH receptor deletion on epididymal tubules and sperm morphology, numbers, and motility. Mol Reprod Dev 2005;72:135-44
  • Turner TT, Jones CC, Howards SS, et al. On the androgen microenvironment of maturing spermatozoa. Endocrinology 1984;115:1925-32
  • Zirkin BR. Spermatogenesis: its regulation by testosterone and FSH. Semin Cell Dev Biol 1998;9:417-21
  • Xi W, Wan HT, Zhao YG, et al. Effects of perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate on gonadal development of male mice. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2011;19:2515-27
  • Robertson KM, O'Donnell L, Jones ME, et al. Impairment of spermatogenesis in mice lacking a functional aromatase (cyp 19) gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999;96:7986-91
  • Carreau S, Hess RA. Oestrogens and spermatogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010;365:1517-35
  • O'Donnell L, Robertson KM, Jones ME, et al. Estrogen and spermatogenesis. Endocr Rev 2001;22:289-318
  • Lucas TFG, Pimenta MT, Pisolato R, et al. 17β-estradiol signaling and regulation of Sertoli cell function. Spermatogenesis 2011;1:318-24
  • Carreau S, Delalande C, Galeraud-Denis I. Mammalian sperm quality and aromatase expression. Microsc Res Tech 2009;72:552-7
  • Assinder S, Davis R, Fenwick M, et al. Adult-only exposure of male rats to a diet of high phytoestrogen content increases apoptosis of meiotic and post-meiotic germ cells. Reproduction 2007;133:11-19
  • Li X, Rahman N. Impact of androgen/estrogen ratio: lessons learned from the aromatase over-expression mice. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2008;159:1-9
  • Weber JE, Russell LD, Wong V, et al. Three dimensional reconstruction of a rat stage V Sertoli cell: II. Morphometry of Sertoli-Sertoli and Sertoli-germ cell relationships. Am J Anat 1983;167:163-79
  • Carreau S, Bouraima-Lelong H, Delalande C. Estrogens in male germ cells. Spermatogenesis 2011;1:90-4
  • Cheng J, Watkins SC, Walker WH. Testosterone activates mitogen-activated protein kinase via Src kinase and the epidermal growth factor receptor in Sertoli cells. Endocrinology 2007;148:2066-74
  • Wang RS, Yeh S, Tzeng CR, et al. Androgen receptor roles in spermatogenesis and fertility: lessons from testicular cell-specific androgen receptor knockout mice. Endocr Rev 2009;30:119-32
  • Shupe J, Cheng J, Puri P, et al. Regulation of Sertoli-germ cell adhesion and sperm release by FSH and nonclassical testosterone signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2011;25:238-52
  • Siu ER, Mruk DD, Porto CS, et al. Cadmium-induced testicular injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;238:240-9
  • O'Donnell L, Stanton P, Bartles J, et al. Sertoli cell ectoplasmic specializations in the seminiferous epithelium of the testosterone-suppressed adult rat. Biol Reprod 2000;63:99-108
  • Griswold MD, Heckert L, Linder C. The molecular biology of the FSH receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995;53:215-18
  • Menon KM, Menon B. Structure, function and regulation of gonadotropin receptors - a perspective. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012;356:88-97
  • Kumar TR, Wang Y, Lu N, et al. Follicle stimulating hormone is required for ovarian follicle maturation but not male fertility. Nat Genet 1997;15:201-4
  • Siegel ET, Kim HG, Nishimoto HK, et al. The molecular basis of impaired follicle-stimulating hormone action: evidence from human mutations and mouse models. Reprod Sci 2013;20:211-33
  • Tapanainen JS, Aittomaki K, Min J, et al. Men homozygous for an inactivating mutation of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor gene present variable suppression of spermatogenesis and fertility. Nat Genet 1997;15:205-6
  • McNeilly AS. Diagnostic applications for inhibin and activins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012;359:121-5
  • Jorgensen N, Liu F, Andersson AM, et al. Serum inhibin-b in fertile men is strongly correlated with low but not high sperm counts: a coordinated study of 1,797 European and US men. Fertil Steril 2010;94:2128-34
  • Chang H, Brown CW, Matzuk MM. Genetic analysis of the mammalian transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Endocr Rev 2002;23:787-823
  • Shaha C, Tripathi R, Mishra DP. Male germ cell apoptosis: regulation and biology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2010;365:1501-15
  • Orth JM. Proliferation of Sertoli cells in fetal and postnatal rats: a quantitative autoradiographic study. Anat Rec 1982;203:485-92
  • Wong V, Russell LD. Three-dimensional reconstruction of a rat stage V Sertoli cell: I. Methods, basic configuration, and dimensions. Am J Anat 1983;167:143-61
  • Turner TT, Lysiak JJ. Oxidative stress: a common factor in testicular dysfunction. J Androl 2008;29:488-98
  • Wong EW, Cheng CY. Impacts of environmental toxicants on male reproductive dysfunction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011;32:290-9
  • Makker K, Agarwal A, Sharma R. Oxidative stress & male infertility. Indian J Med Res 2009;129:357-67
  • Boujbiha MA, Hamden K, Guermazi F, et al. Impairment of spermatogenesis in rats by mercuric chloride: involvement of low 17beta-estradiol level in induction of acute oxidative stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011;142:598-610
  • D'Cruz SC, Jubendradass R, Jayakanthan M, et al. Bisphenol A impairs insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis and decreases steroidogenesis in rat testis: an in vivo and in silico study. Food Chem Toxicol 2012;50:1124-33
  • Priya PH, Reddy PS. Effect of restraint stress on lead-induced male reproductive toxicity in rats. J Exp Zool A Ecol Genet Physiol 2012;317:455-65
  • Wong EWP, Mruk DD, Lee WM, et al. Par3/Par6 polarity complex coordinates apical ectoplasmic specialization and blood-testis barrier restructuring during spermatogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008;105:9657-62
  • Siu ER, Wong EW, Mruk DD, et al. An occludin-focal adhesion kinase protein complex at the blood-testis barrier: a study using the cadmium model. Endocrinology 2009;150:3336-44
  • Acharya UR, Mishra M, Patro J, et al. Effect of vitamins C and E on spermatogenesis in mice exposed to cadmium. Reprod Toxicol 2008;25:84-8
  • Menezo YJ, Hazout A, Panteix G, et al. Antioxidants to reduce sperm DNA fragmentation: an unexpected adverse effect. Reprod Biomed Online 2007;14:418-21
  • Ognjanovic BI, Markovic SD, Ethordevic NZ, et al. Cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant defense system in the rat testes: protective role of coenzyme Q(10) and vitamin E. Reprod Toxicol 2010;29:191-7
  • Vani K, Kurakula M, Syed R, et al. Clinical relevance of vitamin C among lead-exposed infertile men. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012;16:1001-6
  • Gil-Villa AM, Cardona-Maya W, Agarwal A, et al. Role of male factor in early recurrent embryo loss: do antioxidants have any effect? Fertil Steril 2009;92:565-71
  • Toyama Y, Ohkawa M, Oku R, et al. Neonatally administered diethylstilbestrol retards the development of the blood-testis barrier in the rat. J Androl 2001;22:413-23
  • Kopera IA, Su L, Bilinska B, et al. An in vivo study on adjudin and blood-testis barrier dynamics. Endocrinology 2009;150:4724-33
  • Mok KW, Mruk DD, Lee WM, et al. Spermatogonial stem cells alone are not sufficient to re-initiate spermatogenesis in the rat testis following adjudin-induced infertility. Int J Androl 2012;35:86-101
  • Hew KW, Heath GL, Jiwa AH, et al. Cadmium in vivo causes disruption of tight junction-associated microfilaments in rat Sertoli cells. Biol Reprod 1993;49:840-9
  • Setchell BP, Waites GMH. Changes in the permeability of the testicular capillaries and of the "blood-testis barrier" after injection of cadmium chloride in the rat. J Endocrinol 1970;47:81-6
  • Wong CH, Mruk DD, Lui WY, et al. Regulation of blood-testis barrier dynamics: an in vivo study. J Cell Sci 2004;117:783-98
  • Cheng CY, Mruk DD. The blood-testis barrier and its implications for male contraception. Pharmacol Rev 2012;64:16-64
  • Prozialeck W. Evidence that E-cadherin may be a target for cadmium toxicity in epithelial cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000;164:231-49
  • Prozialeck WC, Grunwald GB, Dey PM, et al. Cadherins and NCAM as potential targets in metal toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002;182:255-65
  • Prozialeck WC, Lamar PC. Interaction of cadmium (Cd2+) with a 13-residue polypeptide analog of a putative calcium-binding motif of E-cadherin. Biochem Biophys Acta 1999;1451:93-100
  • Prozialeck WC, Lamar PC, Lynch SM. Cadmium alters the localization of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and beta−catenin in the proximal tubule epithelium. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;189:180-95
  • Prozialeck WC, Edwards JR, Nebert DW, et al. The vascular system as a target of metal toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2008;102:207-18
  • Prozialeck WC, Edward JR. Cell adhesion molecules in chemical-induced renal injury. Pharmacol Ther 2007;114:74-93
  • Siu MKY, Mruk DD, Lee WM, et al. Adhering junction dynamics in the testis are regulated by an interplay of beta1-integrin and focal adhesion complex (FAC)-associated proteins. Endocrinology 2003;144:2141-63
  • Siu ER, Wong EW, Mruk DD, et al. Focal adhesion kinase is a blood-testis barrier regulator. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:9298-303
  • Lie PPY, Mruk DD, Mok KW, et al. Focal adhesion kinase-Tyr407 and -Tyr397 exhibit antagonistic effects on blood-testis barrier dynamics in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:12562-7
  • Su L, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Regulation of drug transporters in the testis by environmental toxicant cadmium, steroids and cytokines. Spermatogenesis 2012;2:285-93
  • Salian S, Doshi T, Vanage G. Neonatal exposure of male rats to Bisphenol A impairs fertility and expression of Sertoli cell junctional proteins in the testis. Toxicology 2009;265:56-67
  • Liu K, Lehmann KP, Sar M, et al. Gene expression profiling following in utero exposure to phthalate esters reveals new gene targets in the etiology of testicular dysgenesis. Biol Reprod 2005;73:180-92
  • Vandenberg LN, Colborn T, Hayes TB, et al. Hormones and endocrine-disrupting chemicals: low-dose effects and nonmonotonic dose responses. Endocr Rev 2012;33:378-455
  • Lagos-Cabre R, Moreno RD. Contribution of environmental pollutants to male infertility: a working model of germ cell apoptosis induced by plasticizers. Biol Res 2012;45:5-14
  • Xu W, Bao H, Liu F, et al. Environmental exposure to arsenic may reduce human semen quality: associations derived from a Chinese cross-sectional study. Environ Health 2012;11:46
  • Toft G, Jonsson BA, Lindh CH, et al. Exposure to perfluorinated compounds and human semen quality in Arctic and European populations. Human Reprod 2012;27:2532-40
  • Howdeshell KL, Wilson VS, Furr J, et al. A mixture of five phthalate esters inhibits fetal testicular testosterone production in the Sprague-Dawley rat in a cumulative, dose-additive manner. Toxicol Sci 2008;105:153-65
  • Wang L, Hao J, Hu J, et al. Protective effects of ginsenosides against Bisphenol A-induced cytotoxicity in 15P-1 Sertoli cells via extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signalling and antioxidant mechanisms. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012;111:42-9
  • Geoffroy-Siraudin C, Perrard MH, Ghalamoun-Slaimi R, et al. Ex-vivo assessment of chronic toxicity of low levels of cadmium on testicular meiotic cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012;262:238-46
  • Lehraiki A, Racine C, Krust A, et al. Phthalates impair germ cell number in the mouse fetal testis by an androgen- and estrogen-independent mechanism. Toxicol Sci 2009;111:372-82
  • Shanle EK, Xu W. Endocrine disrupting chemicals targeting estrogen receptor signaling: identification and mechanisms of action. Chem Res Toxicol 2011;24:6-19
  • Choe SY, Kim SJ, Kim HG, et al. Evaluation of estrogenicity of major heavy metals. Sci Total Environ 2003;312:15-21
  • Wang YD, Chen XY, Wu YM, et al. Experiment study on the estrogen-like effect of compounds of mercury, chromium and manganese. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 2005;34:49-51
  • Yang Y, Li F, Bi X, et al. Lead, zinc, and cadmium in vegetable/crops in a zinc smelting region and its potential human toxicity. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2011;87:586-90
  • Barrett JR. Rice is a significant source of methylmercury: research in China assesses exposures. Environ Health Perspect 2010;118:a398
  • Karjalainen AK, Hallikainen A, Hirvonen T, et al. Estimated intake levels for Finnish children of methylmercury from fish. Food Chem Toxicol 2013;54:70-7
  • Hengstler JG, Foth H, Gebel T, et al. Critical evaluation of key evidence on the human health hazards of exposure to bisphenol A. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011;41:263-91
  • Lakind JS, Naiman DQ. Daily intake of bisphenol A and potential sources of exposure: 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2011;21:272-9
  • Howdeshell KL, Rider CV, Wilson VS, et al. Mechanisms of action of phthalate esters, individually and in combination, to induce abnormal reproductive development in male laboratory rats. Environ Res 2008;108:168-76
  • Ge RS, Chen GR, Tanrikut C, et al. Phthalate ester toxicity in Leydig cells: developmental timing and dosage considerations. Reprod Toxicol 2007;23:366-73
  • Guo Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, et al. Occurrence and profiles of phthalates in foodstuffs from China and their implications for human exposure. J Agric Food Chem 2012; [Epub ahead of print]
  • Melzer D, Rice N, Depledge MH, et al. Association between serum perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and thyroid disease in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Environ Health Perspect 2010;118:686-92
  • Olsen GW, Burris JM, Ehresman DJ, et al. Half-life of serum elimination of perfluorooctanesulfonate,perfluorohexanesulfonate, and perfluorooctanoate in retired fluorochemical production workers. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:1298-305
  • Fromme H, Tittlemier SA, Volkel W, et al. Perfluorinated compounds–exposure assessment for the general population in Western countries. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009;212:239-70
  • Fossato da Silva DA, Teixeira CT, Scarano WR, et al. Effects of methylmercury on male reproductive functions in Wistar rats. Reprod Toxicol 2011;31:431-9
  • Ye L, Su ZJ, Ge RS. Inhibitors of testosterone biosynthetic and metabolic activation enzymes. Molecules 2011;16:9983-10001
  • Svechnikov KV, Izzo G, Landreh L, et al. Endocrine disruptors and Leydig cell function. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010;pii:684504
  • Wang H, Ji YL, Wang Q, et al. Maternal lead exposure during lactation persistently impairs testicular development and steroidogenesis in male offspring. J Appl Toxicol 2012; doi: 10.1002/jat.2795; [Epub ahead of print]
  • Hannas BR, Lambright CS, Furr J, et al. Dose-response assessment of fetal testosterone production and gene expression levels in rat testes following in utero exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, diisoheptyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate. Toxicol Sci 2011;123:206-16
  • Akingbemi BT, Sottas CM, Koulova AI, et al. Inhibition of testicular steroidogenesis by the xenoestrogen bisphenol A is associated with reduced pituitary luteinizing hormone secretion and decreased steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in rat Leydig cells. Endocrinology 2004;145:592-603
  • Ji YL, Wang H, Liu P, et al. Effects of maternal cadmium exposure during late pregnant period on testicular steroidogenesis in male offspring. Toxicol Lett 2011;205:69-78
  • Matsushima A, Kakuta Y, Teramoto T, et al. Structural evidence for endocrine disruptor bisphenol A binding to human nuclear receptor ERR gamma. J Biochem 2007;142:517-24

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.