Serum uric acid: a new therapeutic target for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Bibliography

• Malnick SD, Beergabel M, Knobler H. Non-alcoholic fatty liver: a common manifestation of a metabolic disorder. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians 2003;96(10):699-709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angulo P. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med 2002;346(16):1221-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amarapurkar DN, Hashimoto E, Lesmana LA, et al. How common is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Asia-Pacific region and are there local differences? J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22(6):788-93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Alwis NM, Day CP. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the mist gradually clears. J Hepatol 2008;48(Suppl 1):S104-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Targher G, Day CP, Bonora E. Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med 2010;363(14):1341-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Day CP, James OF. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two “hits?” Gastroenterology 1998;114(4):842-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilg H, Moschen AR. Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis. Hepatology 2010;52(5):1836-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsouli SG, Liberopoulos EN, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Elevated serum uric acid levels in metabolic syndrome: an active component or an innocent bystander? Metabolism 2006;55(10):1293-301
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoo TW, Sung KC, Shin HS, et al. Relationship between serum uric acid concentration and insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 2005;69(8):928-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin SD, Tsai DH, Hsu SR. Association between serum uric acid level and components of the metabolic syndrome. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA 2006;69(11):512-16
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liang J, Pei Y, Gong Y, et al. Serum uric acid and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-hypertensive Chinese adults: the Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese (CRC) study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015;19(2):305-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sertoglu E, Ercin CN, Celebi G, et al. The relationship of serum uric acid with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Biochem 2014;47(6):383-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sirota JC, McFann K, Targher G, et al. Elevated serum uric acid levels are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independently of metabolic syndrome features in the United States: Liver ultrasound data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metabolism 2013;62(3):392-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, et al. Serum uric acid and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in non-diabetic Chinese men. PloS One 2013;8(7):e67152
   Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009;120(16):1640-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye J. Emerging role of adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2009;33(1):54-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley AJ, Festa A, D’Agostino RBJr, et al. Metabolic and inflammation variable clusters and prediction of type 2 diabetes: factor analysis using directly measured insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 2004;53(7):1773-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haring R, Rosvall M, Volker U, et al. A network-based approach to visualize prevalence and progression of metabolic syndrome components. PloS One 2012;7(6):e39461
   Google Scholar
• Onat A. Metabolic syndrome: nature, therapeutic solutions and options. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011;12(12):1887-900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarantino G, Finelli C. What about non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as a new criterion to define metabolic syndrome? World J Gastroenterol WJG 2013;19(22):3375-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchesini G, Bugianesi E, Forlani G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatology 2003;37(4):917-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duseja A, Singh SP, Saraswat VA, et al. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndrome-Position Paper of the Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver, Endocrine Society of India, Indian College of Cardiology and Indian Society of Gastroenterology. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2015;5(1):51-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugianesi E, McCullough AJ, Marchesini G. Insulin resistance: a metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease. Hepatology 2005;42(5):987-1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asrih M, Jornayvaz FR. Metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Is insulin resistance the link? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eguchi Y, Eguchi T, Mizuta T, et al. Visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance are important factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2006;41(5):462-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh JA, Reddy SG, Kundukulam J. Risk factors for gout and prevention: a systematic review of the literature. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2011;23(2):192-202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Hsieh MC, Chang SJ. Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperuricemia. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2013;25(2):210-16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JM, Kim HC, Cho HM, et al. Association between serum uric acid level and metabolic syndrome. J Prev Med Pub Health 2012;45(3):181-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Choi HK, Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in individuals with hyperuricemia. Am J Med 2007;120(5):442-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangge H, Zelzer S, Puerstner P, et al. Uric acid best predicts metabolically unhealthy obesity with increased cardiovascular risk in youth and adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013;21(1):E71-7
   Google Scholar
• Facchini F, Chen YD, Hollenbeck CB, Reaven GM. Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary uric acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration. Jama 1991;266(21):3008-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinones Galvan A, Natali A, Baldi S, et al. Effect of insulin on uric acid excretion in humans. Am J Physiol 1995;268(1 Pt 1):E1-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muscelli E, Natali A, Bianchi S, et al. Effect of insulin on renal sodium and uric acid handling in essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1996;9(8):746-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakagawa T, Tuttle KR, Short RA, Johnson RJ. Hypothesis: fructose-induced hyperuricemia as a causal mechanism for the epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2005;1(2):80-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roy D, Perreault M, Marette A. Insulin stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues in vivo is NO dependent. Am J Physiol 1998;274(4 Pt 1):E692-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conen D, Wietlisbach V, Bovet P, et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia and relation of serum uric acid with cardiovascular risk factors in a developing country. BMC public health 2004;4:9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih MH, Lazo M, Liu SH, et al. Association between serum uric acid and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the US population. J Formos Med Assoc 2015;114(4):314-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu C, Yu C, Xu L, et al. High serum uric acid increases the risk for nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease: a prospective observational study. PloS One 2010;5(7):e11578
   Google Scholar
• Xu CF, Yu CH, Xu L, et al. Hypouricemic therapy: a novel potential therapeutic option for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2010;52(5):1865-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonardo A, Loria P, Leonardi F, et al. Fasting insulin and uric acid levels but not indices of iron metabolism are independent predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A case-control study. Dig Liver Dis 2002;34(3):204-11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li Y, Xu C, Yu C, et al. Association of serum uric acid level with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. J Hepatol 2009;50(5):1029-34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu SJ, Zhu GQ, Ye BZ, et al. Association between sex-specific serum uric Acid and non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease in chinese adults: a large population-based study. Medicine 2015;94(17):e802
   Google Scholar
• Liu PJ, Ma F, Lou HP, et al. Relationship between serum uric acid levels and hepatic steatosis in non-obese postmenopausal women. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2014;17(6):692-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Lee HR, Lee JH, et al. Association between serum uric acid and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine : CCLM/ FESCC 2010;48(2):175-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JW, Cho YK, Ryan M, et al. Serum uric Acid as a predictor for the development of nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease in apparently healthy subjects: a 5-year retrospective cohort study. Gut and liver 2010;4(3):378-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baba T, Amasaki Y, Soda M, et al. Fatty liver and uric acid levels predict incident coronary heart disease but not stroke among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki. Hypertens Res 2007;30(9):823-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso AS, Gonzaga NC, Medeiros CC, Carvalho DF. Association of uric acid levels with components of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in overweight or obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2013;89(4):412-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakahara T, Hyogo H, Yoneda M, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the fibrosis severity in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a large retrospective cohort of Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol 2014;49(11):1477-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Ruiz I, Rodriguez-Juan C, Diaz-Sanjuan T, et al. Uric acid and anti-TNF antibody improve mitochondrial dysfunction in ob/ob mice. Hepatology 2006;44(3):581-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin W, McRae S, Marek G, et al. Hyperuricemia as a mediator of the proinflammatory endocrine imbalance in the adipose tissue in a murine model of the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2011;60(4):1258-69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang X, Zhang JH, Chen XY, et al. Reactive oxygen species-induced TXNIP drives fructose-mediated hepatic inflammation and lipid accumulation through NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Antioxidants & redox signaling 2015;22(10):848-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Wang C, Ding XQ, et al. Quercetin and allopurinol reduce liver thioredoxin-interacting protein to alleviate inflammation and lipid accumulation in diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2013;169(6):1352-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szabo G, Csak T. Inflammasomes in liver diseases. J Hepatol 2012;57(3):642-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Witek RP, Stone WC, Karaca FG, et al. Pan-caspase inhibitor VX-166 reduces fibrosis in an animal model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2009;50(5):1421-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi YJ, Shin HS, Choi HS, et al. Uric acid induces fat accumulation via generation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and SREBP-1c activation in hepatocytes. Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology 2014;94(10):1114-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergamini C, Cicoira M, Rossi A, Vassanelli C. Oxidative stress and hyperuricaemia: pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and therapeutic implications in chronic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2009;11(5):444-52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilkun O, Boudina S. Cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress in the metabolic syndrome: an update on antioxidant therapies. Curr Pharm Des 2013;19(27):4806-17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroder K, Zhou R, Tschopp J. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a sensor for metabolic danger? Science 2010;327(5963):296-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarantino G, Conca P, Pasanisi F, et al. Could inflammatory markers help diagnose nonalcoholic steatohepatitis? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;21(5):504-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggiero C, Cherubini A, Ble A, et al. Uric acid and inflammatory markers. Eur Heart J 2006;27(10):1174-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruggiero C, Cherubini A, Miller E3rd, et al. Usefulness of uric acid to predict changes in C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in 3-year period in Italians aged 21 to 98 years. Am J Cardiol 2007;100(1):115-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ives A, Nomura J, Martinon F, et al. Xanthine oxidoreductase regulates macrophage IL1beta secretion upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nat Commun 2015;6:6555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu C, Wan X, Xu L, et al. Xanthine oxidase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperuricemia: One stone hits two birds. J Hepatol 2015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatsu Y, Seno Y, Kushiyama A, et al. The xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat suppresses development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a rodent model. Am J Physiol Gastrointestinal Liver Physiol 2015;309(1):G42-51
   Google Scholar
• Lanaspa MA, Sanchez-Lozada LG, Cicerchi C, et al. Uric acid stimulates fructokinase and accelerates fructose metabolism in the development of fatty liver. PloS One 2012;7(10):e47948
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Combination drug treatment in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2010;2(4):139-42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim HK, Park JY, Lee KU, et al. Effect of body weight and lifestyle changes on long-term course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Koreans. Am J Med Sci 2009;337(2):98-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mummadi RR, Kasturi KS, Chennareddygari S, Sood GK. Effect of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6(12):1396-402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin HZ, Yang SQ, Chuckaree C, et al. Metformin reverses fatty liver disease in obese, leptin-deficient mice. Nat Med 2000;6(9):998-1003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matafome P, Louro T, Rodrigues L, et al. Metformin and atorvastatin combination further protect the liver in type 2 diabetes with hyperlipidaemia. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011;27(1):54-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna PP, FitzGerald J. Evolution of management of gout: a comparison of recent guidelines. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2015;27(2):139-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees F, Hui M, Doherty M. Optimizing current treatment of gout. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014;10(5):271-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frampton JE. Febuxostat: a review of its use in the treatment of hyperuricaemia in patients with gout. Drugs 2015;75(4):427-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abeles AM. Febuxostat hypersensitivity. J Rheumatol 2012;39(3):659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinders MK, Haagsma C, Jansen TL, et al. A randomised controlled trial on the efficacy and tolerability with dose escalation of allopurinol 300-600 mg/day versus benzbromarone 100-200 mg/day in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68(6):892-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinders MK, van Roon EN, Jansen TL, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of urate-lowering drugs in gout: a randomised controlled trial of benzbromarone versus probenecid after failure of allopurinol. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68(1):51-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MH, Graham GG, Williams KM, Day RO. A benefit-risk assessment of benzbromarone in the treatment of gout. Was its withdrawal from the market in the best interest of patients? Drug Saf 2008;31(8):643-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundy JS, Baraf HS, Yood RA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of pegloticase for the treatment of chronic gout in patients refractory to conventional treatment: two randomized controlled trials. Jama 2011;306(7):711-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu X, Chen J, Han F, et al. Efficacy and safety of losartan in treatment of hyperuricemia and posttransplantation erythrocytosis: results of a prospective, open, randomized, case-control study. Transplant Proc 2009;41(9):3736-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang HY, Appel LJ, Choi MJ, et al. The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52(6):1843-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastow MD, Durrington PN, Ishola M. Hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia: effects of two fibric acid derivatives (bezafibrate and fenofibrate) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Metabolism 1988;37(3):217-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards NL, So A. Emerging therapies for gout. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2014;40(2):375-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregoire FM, Zhang F, Clarke HJ, et al. MBX-102/JNJ39659100, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ligand with weak transactivation activity retains antidiabetic properties in the absence of weight gain and edema. Mol Endocrinol 2009;23(7):975-88
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Torne C, Perez-Herrero N, Perez-Ruiz F. New medications in development for the treatment of hyperuricemia of gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2015;27(2):164-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar