38
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Miscellaneous

Endocannabinoids Part II: pathological CNS conditions involving the endocannabinoid system and their possible treatment with endocannabinoid-based drugs

, &
Pages 349-362 | Published online: 25 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • MATSUDA LA, LOLAIT BROWNSTEIN MI YOUNG AC, BONNER TI: Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature (1990) 346:561–564.
  • ••The first report of the molecularcharacterisation of the CBI receptor.
  • MUNRO S, THOMAS KL AND ABU-SHAAR M: Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature (1993) 365:61–65.
  • ••The first report of the molecular characterisation of the CB2 receptor.
  • DEVANE WA, HANUS L, BREUER A et al.: Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science (1992) 258:1946–1949.
  • ••The first report of the isolation andcharacterisation of an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand.
  • MECHOULAM R, BEN-SHABAT S, HANUS L et al: Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors. Biochem. Pharmacy]. (1995) 50:83–90.
  • ••One of the two first reports of the identification of the cannabimimetic properties of 2-AG.
  • SUGIURA T, KONDO S, SUKAGAWA A et al.: 2-Arachidonoylglycerol: a possible endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand in brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1995) 215:89–97.
  • •One of the two first reports of the identification of the cannabimimetic properties of 2-AG.
  • DI MARZO V: 'Endocannabinoids' and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties: biochemistry and possible physiopathological relevance. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1998) 1392:153-175. A comprehensive review of endocannabinoid biochemistry up to 1998.
  • UEDA N, PUFFENBARGER RA, YAMAMOTO S, DEUTSCH DG: The fatty acid amide hydrolase. Chem. Phys. Lipids (2000) 108:107–121.
  • ••A comprehensive and up-to-date review ofFAAH.
  • HILLARD CJ, JARRAHIAN A: The movement of N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) across cellular membranes. Chem. Phys. Lipids (2000) 108:123–134.
  • ••A comprehensive and up-to-date review ofthe anandamide membrane transporter.
  • DEWEY WL: Cannabinoid pharmacology Pharmacol. Rev (1986) 38:151–178.
  • HOLLISTER LE: Health aspects of cannabis. Pharmacol. Rev (1986) 38: 1–20.
  • MECHOULAM R, FRIDE E, DI MARZO V: Endocannabinoids. Eur j Pharmacol. (1998) 359:1–18.
  • •A comprehensive review of endocannabinoid pharmacology up to 1998.
  • DI MARZO V, MELCK D, BISOGNO T, DE PETROCELLIS L: Endocannabinoids: endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligands with neuromodulatory action. Trends NeuroscL (1998) 21:521–528.
  • •A comprehensive review of the neuromodulatory actions of endocanrtabinoids.
  • RODRIGUEZ DE FONSECA F, DEL ARCO I, MARTIN-CALDERON JL, GORRITI MA, NAVARRO M: Role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the regulation of motor activity. NeurobioL Dis. (1998) 5:417–431.
  • SANUDO-PENA MC, TSOU K, WALKER JM: Motor action of cannabinoids in the basal ganglia output nuclei. Life Sri. (1999) 65:703–713.
  • LEDENT C, VAL VERDE O, COSSU G et al.: Unresponsiveness to cannabinoids and reduced addictive effects of opiates in CB1 receptor knockout mice. Science (1999) 283:401–404.
  • ••The first report of the development andpharmacological profile of C131 receptor knockout mice.
  • ZIMMER A, ZIMMER AM, HOHMANN AG, HERKENHAM M, BONNER TI: Increased mortality, hypoactivity, and hypoalgesia in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sri. USA (1999) 96:5780-5785. The second report of the development and pharmacological profile of C131 receptor knockout mice.
  • GIUFFRIDA A, PARSONS LH, KERR TM, RODRIGUEZ DE FONSECA E JL, NAVARRO M, PIOMELLI D: Dopamine activation of endogenous cannabinoid signalling in dorsal striatum. Nature Neurosci. (1999) 2:358–363.
  • GIUFFRIDA A, RODRIGUEZ DE FONSECA F, NAVA E LOUBET-LESCOULIE P, PIOMELLI D: Elevated circulating levels of anandamide after administration of the transport inhibitor, AM404. Eur j Pharmacol. (2000) 408:161–168.
  • ROSS RA, GIBSON TM, BROCKIE HC et al.: Structure-activity relationship for the endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, and certain of its analogues at vanilloid receptors in transfected cells and vas deferens. Br J. Pharmacol. (2001) 132:631–640.
  • •The first report showing that anandamide and capsaicin share the same binding site on rat VR1 vanilloid receptors.
  • DE PETROCELLIS L, BISOGNO T, MACCARRONE M, DAVIS JB, FINAZZI-AGRO A, DI MARZO V: The activity of anandamide at VR1 vanilloid receptors requires facilitated transport across the membrane and is limited by intracellular metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) 276:12856–12863.
  • •The first report on the regulation of anandamide agonist activity at VR1 vanilloid receptors.
  • MEZEY E, TOTH ZE, CORTRIGHT DN, ARZUBI MK et al.: Distribution of mRNA for vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), and VR1-like immunoreactivity, in the central nervous system of the rat and human. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sri. USA (2000) 97:3655–3660.
  • ••First molecular evidence for the presence ofVR1 vanilloid receptors in the brain.
  • DI MARZO V, BREIVOGEL C, BISOGNO T et al: Neurobehavioral activity in mice of N-vanillyl-arachidonyl-amide. Eur j Pharmacol. (2000) 406:363–374.
  • CONSROE P: Brain cannabinoid systemsas targets for the therapy of neurological disorders. NeurobioL Dis. (1998) 5:534–551.
  • •A comprehensive review of the possible therapeutic use of cannabinoids in the treatment of neurological disorders.
  • GLASS M, FAULL RL, DRAGUNOW M: Loss of cannabinoid receptors in the substantia nigra in Huntington's disease. Neuroscience (1993) 56:523–527.
  • •The first evidence of the possible connection between defective cannabinoid signalling and Huntington's disease.
  • DENOVAN-WRIGHT EM, ROBERTSON HA: Cannabinoid receptor messenger RNA levels decrease in a subset of neurons of the lateral striatum, cortex and hippocampus of transgenic Huntington's disease mice. Neuroscience (2000) 98:705–713.
  • LASTRES-BECKER I, HANSEN HH, BERRENDERO F et al.: Loss of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and alleviation of motor hyperactivity and neurochemical deficits by endocannabinoid uptake inhibition in a rat model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience (2001), in press.
  • MULLER-VAHL KR, KOLBE H, SCHNEIDER U, EMRICH HM: Cannabis in movement disorders. Forsch. Komplementarmed. (1999) 3:23–27.
  • WICKENS AP, PERTWEE RG: 49-Tetrahydrocannabinol and anandamide enhance the ability of muscimol to induce catalepsy in the globus pallidus of rats. Eur Pharmacol. (1993) 250:205–208.
  • DI MARZO V, HILL MP, BISOGNO T, CROSSMAN AR, BROTCHIE JM: Enhanced levels of endogenous cannabinoids in the globus pallidus are associated with a reduction in movement in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. FASEB J. (2000) 14:1432–1438.
  • ••The first evidence showing that enhancedendocannabinoid levels may be in part responsible for Parkinson's-like signs in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.
  • DI MARZO V, FONTANA A, CADAS H et al.: Formation and inactivation of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide in central neurons. Nature (1994) 372:686–691.
  • ••The first description of the molecularmechanisms for the biosynthesis and inactivation of anandamide in neuronal cells.
  • BISOGNO T, SEPE N, MELCK D, MAURELLI S, DE PETROCELLIS L, DI MARZO V: Biosynthesis, release and degradation of the novel endogenous cannabimimetic metabolite 2–
  • •• arachidonoylglycerol in mouse neuroblastoma cells. &admin. J. (1997) 322:671-677. The first description of the molecular mechanisms for the biosynthesis and inactivation of 2-AG in neuronal cells.
  • BROTCHIE JM: Adjuncts to dopamine replacement: a pragmatic approach to reducing the problem of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Mov. Disord. (1998) 13:871–876.
  • ACHIRON A, MIRON S, LAVIE V, MARGALIT R, BIEGON A: Dexanabinol (HU-211) effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for the treatment of acute relapses of multiple sclerosis. J. Neuraimmunal (2000) 102:26–31.
  • BAKER D, PRYCE G, CROXFORD JL et al.: Cannabinoids control spasticity and tremor in a multiple sclerosis model. Nature (2000) 404:84–87.
  • ••First direct evidence that activation ofcannabinoid receptors may alleviate some signs of multiple sclerosis in an animal model of this disorder.
  • BAKER D, PRYCE G, CROXFORD JL et al.: Endocannabinoids control spasticity in a multiple sclerosis model. FASEB (2001) 15:300–302.
  • ••Demonstration that endocannabinoidstonically counteract spasticity in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.
  • MARTIN BR, LICHTMAN AH: Cannabinoid transmission and pain perception. Neurobial Dis. (1998) 5:447–461.
  • PERTWEE RG: Cannabinoid receptors and pain. Frog. Neurobial (2001) 63:569–611.
  • •A very recent comprehensive review on the possible role of the endocannabinoid system in pain.
  • WALKER JM, HUANG SM, STRANGMAN NM, TSOU K, SANUDO-PENA MC: Pain modulation by release of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Li. USA (1999) 96:12198–12203.
  • •First, and so far only, evidence that a painful stimulus can be accompanied by the release of anandamide in the brain.
  • MENG ID, MANNING BH, MARTIN WJ, FIELDS HL: An analgesia circuit activated by cannabinoids. Nature (1998) 395:381–383.
  • RICHARDSON JD, AANONSEN L, HARGREAVES KM: Hypoactivity of the spinal cannabinoid system results in NMDA-dependent hyperalgesia. Neurosci. (1998) 18:451–457.
  • RICHARDSON JD, AANONSEN L, HARGREAVES KM: Antihyperalgesic effects of spinal cannabinoids. Eur. Pharmacal. (1998) 345:145–153.
  • •Strong evidence that the endocannabinoid system tonically controls hyeralgesia at the spinal level.
  • CALIGNANO A, LA RANA G, GIUFFRIDA A, PIOMELLI D: Contol of pain initiation by endogenous cannabinoids. Nature (1998) 394:277–281.
  • BEAULIEU P, BISOGNO T, PUN WAR Set al.: Role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the formalin test of persistent pain in the rat. Eur. j Pharmacy]. (2000) 396:85–92.
  • WELCH SP, STEVENS DL: Antinociceptive activity of intrathecally administered cannabinoids alone, and in combination with morphine, in mice. J. Pharmacy]. Exp. Ther. (1992) 262:10–18.
  • WELCH SP, EADS M: Synergistic interactions of endogenous opioids and cannabinoid systems. Brain Res. (1999) 848:183–190.
  • WELCH SP: Characterization of anandamide-induced tolerance: comparison to delta 9-THC-induced interactions with dynorphinergic systems. Drug Alcohol Depend. (1997) 45:39–45.
  • MASON DJ JR, LOWE J, WELCH SP: Cannabinoid modulation of dynorphin A: correlation to cannabinoid-induced antinociception. Eur. j Pharmacy]. (1999) 378:237–248.
  • MELCK D, BISOGNO T, DE PETROCELLIS L et al.: Unsaturated long-chain N-acyl-vanillyl-amides (N-AVAMs): vanilloid receptor ligands that inhibit anandamide-facilitated transport and bind to CBI cannabinoid receptors. &admin. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1999) 262:275–284.
  • MECHOULAM R: Looking back at Cannabis research. Curr. Pharm. Des. (2000) 6:1313–1322.
  • HAMPSON AJ, GRIMALDI M, LOLIC M, WINK D, ROSENTHAL R, AXELROD J: Neuroprotective antioxidants from marijuana. Ann. NY Acad. Sci (2000) 899:274–282.
  • NAGAYAMA T, SINOR AD, SIMON RP et al.: Cannabinoids and neuroprotection in global and focal cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures. J. Neurosci. (1999) 19:2987–2995.
  • SKAPER SD, BURIANI A, DAL TOSO R et al.: The ALIAmide palmitoylethanolamide and cannabinoids, but not anandamide, are protective in a delayed postglutamate paradigm of excitotoxic death in cerebellar granule neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1996) 93:3984–3989.
  • SINOR AD, IRVIN SM, GREENBERG DA: Endocannabinoids protect cerebral cortical neurons from in vitro ischemia in rats. Neurosci. Lett. (2000) 278:157–160.
  • HANSEN HS, LAURITZEN L, STRAND AM, VINGGAARD AM, FRANDSEN A, SCHOUSBOE A: Characterization of glutamate-induced formation of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine and N-acylethanolamine in cultured neocortical neurons. J Neurachem. (1997) 69:753–761.
  • HANSEN HH, IKONOMIDOU C, BITTIGAU P, HANSEN SH, HANSEN HS: Accumulation of the anandamide precursor and other N-acylethanolamine phospholipids in infant rat models of in vivo necrotic and apoptotic neuronal death. J. Neurachern. (2001) 76:39–46.
  • •Evidence for the formation of the precursor of anandamide and its congeners during neuronal damage.
  • SUGIURA T, YOSHINAGA N, WAKU K: Rapid generation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, in rat brain after decapitation. Neurosci. Lett. (2001) 297:175–178.
  • •Evidence for the formation of 2-AG during brain damage.
  • JIN KL, MAO XO, GOLDSMITH PC, GREENBERG DA: CBI cannabinoid receptor induction in experimental stroke. Ann. Neural (2000) 48:257–261.
  • ••The first report on the possible regulationof C131 receptor expression in an animal model of brain injury.
  • BRAIDA D, POZZI M, SALA M: CP 55,940 protects against ischemia-induced electroencephalographic flattening and hyperlocomotionin mongolian gerbils. Neurosci. Lett (2000) 296:69–72.
  • ABOOD ME, MARTIN BR: Molecular neurobiology of the cannabinoid receptor. Int. Rev Neurobial (1996) 39:197–221.
  • AMERI A, WILHELM A, SIMMET T: Effects of the endogeneous cannabinoid, anandamide, on neuronal activity in rat hippocampal slices. Br J. Pharmacy]. (1999) 126:1831–1839.
  • MARTIN AR, CONSROE P, KANE VV et al: Structure-anticonvulsant activity relationships of cannabidiol analogs. NIDA Res. Monogr. (1987) 79:48–58.
  • WALLACE MJ, MARTIN BR, DE LORENZO RJ: The effects of the CB1 receptor agonist A9-tetrahydrocannabinol and the CBI receptor antagonist SR 141716A on the hindlimb tonic extension in the maximal electroshock model of seizure. ICES Symposium (2000) p. 100.
  • HANSEN HS, LAURITZEN L, MOESGAARD B, STRAND AM, HANSEN HH: Formation of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines and N-acetylethanolamines: proposed role in neurotoxicity. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1998) 55:719–725.
  • •A comprehensive review of the possible neuroprotective role of anandamide and its congeners.
  • COLLIN C, DEVANE WA, DAHL D, LEE CJ, AXELROD J, ALKON DL: Long-term synaptic transformation of hippocampal CA1 gamma-aminobutyric acid synapses and the effect of anandamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Li. USA (1995) 92:10167–10171.
  • TERRANOVA JP, MICHAUD JC, LE FUR G, SOUBRIE P: Inhibition of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices by anandamide and WIN55212-2: reversal by 5R141716 A, a selective antagonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Naurryn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. (1995) 352:576–579.
  • STELLA N, SCHWEITZER P, PIOMELLI D: A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. Nature (1997) 388:773–778.
  • GIFFORD AN, SAMIIAN L, GATLEY SJ, ASHBY CR: Examination of the effect of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP 55,940, on electrically evoked transmitter release from rat brain slices. Eur. Pharmacol. (1997) 324:187–192.
  • CASTELLANO C, CABIB S, PALMISANO A, DI MARZO V, PUGLISI-ALLEGRA S: The effects of anandamide on memory consolidation in mice involve both DI and D2 dopamine receptors. Behav. Pharmacol. (1997) 8:707–712.
  • MALLET PE, BENINGER RJ: The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist 5R141716A attenuates the memory impairment produced by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol or anandamide. Psychopharmacology (1998) 140:11–19.
  • TERRANOVA JP, STORME JJ, LAFON N et al.: Improvement of memory in rodents by the selective CBI cannabinoid receptor antagonist, 5R141716. Psychopharmacology (1996) 126:165–172.
  • REIBAUD M, OBINU MC, LEDENT C, PARMENTIER M, BOHME GA, IMPERATO A: Enhancement of memory in cannabinoid CBI receptor knock-out mice. Eur. j Pharmacol. (1999) 379:R1–2.
  • •Conclusive evidence for the role of C131 receptors in the control of memory processes.
  • BOHME GA, LAVILLE M, LEDENT C, PARMENTIER M, IMPERATO A: Enhanced long-term potentiation in mice lacking cannabinoid CBI receptors. Neuroscience (2000) 95:5–7.
  • •Important evidence for the role of CB1 receptors in the control of memory processes.
  • BISOGNO T, BERRENDERO AMBROSINO G et al.: Brain regional distribution of endocannabinoids: implications for their biosynthesis and biological function. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1999) 256:377–380.
  • HERKENHAM M, LYNN AB, LITTLE MD et al.: Cannabinoid receptor localization in brain. Proc. Nati Acad. Sci. USA (1990) 87:1932–1936.
  • ••First characterisation of C131 receptordistribution in mammalian CNS.
  • FELDER CC, NIELSEN A, BRILEY EM et al.: Isolation and measurement of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist, anandamide, in brain and peripheral tissues of human and rat. FEBS Lett. (1996) 393:231–235.
  • DI MARZO V, BREIVOGEL CS, TAO Q et al: Levels, metabolism, and pharmacological activity of anandamide in CB(1) cannabinoid receptor knockout mice: evidence for non-CB(1), non-CB(2) receptor-mediated actions of anandamide in mouse brain. j Neurochem. (2000) 75:2434–2444.
  • •First study on the biosynthesis, degradation and pharmacological action of anandamide in C131 receptor knockout mice.
  • FAROOQUI AA, HORROCKS LA, FAROOQUI T: Glycerophospholipids in brain: their metabolism, incorporation into membranes, functions, and involvement in neurological disorders. Chem. Phys. Lipids (2000) 106:1–29.
  • FERNANDEZ-RUIZ JJ, MUNOZ RM, ROMERO J, VILLANUA MA, MAKRIYANNIS A, RAMOS JA: Time course of the effects of different cannabimimetics on prolactin and gonadotrophin secretion: evidence for the presence of CBI receptors in hypothalamic structures and their involvement in the effects of cannabimimetics. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1997) 53:1919–1927.
  • GONZALEZ S, MANZANARES J, BERRENDERO F et al.: Identification of endocannabinoids and cannabinoid CB(1) receptor mRNA in the pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology (1999) 70:137–145.
  • WILLIAMS CM, KIRKHAM TC: Anandamide induces overeating: mediation by central cannabinoid (CBI) receptors. Psychopharmacology (1999) 143:315–317.
  • •First direct demonstration that an endocannabinoid affects appetite and eating behaviour in rodents.
  • HAO S, AVRAHAM Y, MECHOULAM R, BERRY EM: Low dose anandamide affects food intake, cognitive function, neurotransmitter and corticosterone levels in diet-restricted mice. Eur. j Pharmacol. (2000) 392:147–156.
  • ARNONE M, MARUANI J, CHAPERON F et al: Selective inhibition of sucrose and ethanol intake by SR 141716, an antagonist of central cannabinoid (CBI.) receptors. Psychopharmacology (1997) 132:104–106.
  • GIULIANI D, OTTANI A, FERRARI F: Effects of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, HU 210, on ingestive behaviour and body weight of rats. Eur. j Pharmacol. (2000) 391:275–279.
  • FREEDLAND CS, POSTON JS, PORRINO LJ: Effects of 5R141716A, a central cannabinoid receptor antagonist, on food-maintained responding. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. (2000) 67:265–270.
  • DI MARZO V, GOPARAJU SK, WANG L et al.: Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake. Nature (2001) 410:822–825.
  • ••Conclusive evidence that the endocannabinoid system is involved in the regulation of appetite and food intake in rodents after fasting.
  • INUI A: Feeding and body-weight regulation by hypothalamic neuropeptides--mediation of the actions of leptin. Trends Neurosci. (1999) 22:62–67.
  • FRIDE E, GINZBURG Y, BREUER A, BISOGNO T, DI MARZO V, MECHOULAM R: Critical role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in mouse pup suckling and growth. Eur. j Pharrnacol. (2001), in press.
  • BEN-SHABAT S, FRIDE E, SHESKIN T et al.: An entourage effect: inactive endogenous fatty acid glycerol esters enhance 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol cannabinoid activity. Eur. I Pharrnacol. (1998) 353:23–31.
  • BERRENDERO F, SEPE N, RAMOS JA, DI MARZO V, FERNANDEZ-RUIZ JJ: Analysis of cannabinoid receptor binding and mRNA expression and endogenous cannabinoid contents in the developing rat brain during late gestation and early postnatal period. Synapse (1999) 33:181–191.
  • DI MARZO V, SEPE N, DE PETROCELLIS L et al.: Trick or treat from food endocannabinoids? Nature (1998) 396:636.
  • GARDNER EL, VOREL SR: Cannabinoidtransmission and reward-related events. Neurobiol. Dis. (1998) 5:502–533.
  • •A very clear and comprehensive review of our current knowledge of the endocannabinoid system and reward mechanisms.
  • VALVERDE O, LEDENT C, BESLOT PARMENTIER M, ROQUES BP: Reduction of stress-induced analgesia but not of exogenous opioid effects in mice lacking CBI receptors. Eur. j Neurosci. (2000) 12:533–539.
  • VALVERDE O, MALDONADO R, VALJENT E, ZIMMER AM, ZIMMER A: Cannabinoid withdrawal syndrome is reduced in pre-proenkephalin knock-out mice. j Neurosci. (2000) 20:9284–9289.
  • DI MARZO V, BERRENDERO BISOGNO T et al: Enhancement of anandamide formation in the limbic forebrain and reduction of endocannabinoid contents in the striatum of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol-tolerant rats. j Neurochern. (2000) 74:1627–1635.
  • TANDA G, PONTIERI FE, DI CHIARA G: Cannabinoid and heroin activation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission by a common mul opioid receptor mechanism. Science (1997) 276:2048–2050.
  • ••First demonstration that cannabinoids canactivate neural mechanisms common to other drugs of abuse.
  • MASCIA MS, OBINU MC, LEDENT C, PARMENTIER M, BOHME GA, IMPERATO A, FRATTA W: Lack of morphine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor knockout mice. Eur. j Phannacol. (1999) 383:R1–2.
  • COSSU G, LEDENT C, FATTORE L et al.: Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor knockout mice fail to self-administer morphine but not other drugs of abuse. Behav. Brain Res. (2001) 118:61–65.
  • TANDA G, MUNZAR P, GOLDBERG SR: Self-administration behavior is maintained by the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana in squirrel monkeys. Nat. Neurosci (2000) 3:1073–1074.
  • ••First report of the addictive properties ofcannabinoids in primates.
  • MARTELLOTTA MC, COSSU G, FATTORE L, GESSA GL, FRATTA W: Self-administration of the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 in drug-naive mice. Neuroscience (1998) 85:327–330.
  • CRAVATT BE PROSPERO-GARCIA O, SIUZDAK G et al.: Chemical characterization of a family of brain lipids that induce sleep. Science (1995) 268:1506–1509.
  • THOMAS EA, CARSON MJ, NEAL MJ, SUTCLIFFE JG: Unique allosteric regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor-mediated signal transduction by oleamide. Proc. Nati Acad. Sd. USA (1997) 94:14115–14119.
  • BOGER DL, PATTERSON JE, GUAN X, CRAVATT BE LERNER RA, GILULA NB: Chemical requirements for inhibition of gap junction communication by the biologically active lipid oleamide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sri. USA (1998) 95:4810–4815.
  • BASILE AS, HANUS L, MENDELSON WB: Characterization of the hypnotic properties of oleamide. Neuroreport (1999) 10:947–951.
  • MENDELSON WB, BASILE AS: The hypnotic actions of oleamide are blocked by a cannabinoid receptor antagonist. Neuroreport (1999) 10:3237–3239.
  • MECHOULAM R, FRIDE E, HANUS L et al.: Anandamide may mediate sleep induction. Nature (1997) 389:25–26.
  • SANTUCCI V, STOWE JJ, SOUBRIE E LE FUR G: Arousal-enhancing properties of the C131 cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A in rats as assessed by electroencephalographic spectral and sleep-waking cycle analysis. Life Sri. (1996) 58:PL103–110.
  • ACETO MD, SCATES SM, RAZDAN RK AND MARTIN BR: Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, has a very low physical dependence potential. Pharrnacol. Esp. Ther. (1998) 287:598–605.
  • FARQUHAR-SMITH WE EGERTOVA M, BRADBURY EJ, MCMAHON SB, RICE AC, ELPHICK MR: Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor expression in rat spinal cord. Ma. Cell. Neurosci. (2000) 15:510–521.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.