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Review

Cardiotoxicity of macrolides, ketolides and fluoroquinolones that prolong the QTc interval

Pages 121-128 | Published online: 23 Feb 2005

Bibliography

  • OWENS RC JR: Risk assessment for antimicrobial agent-induced QTc interval prolongation and torsades de pointes. Pharmacotherapy (2001) 21:301–309.
  • •Excellent review of antimicrobial agents and QT prolongation.
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  • LEE KL, JIM MH, TANG SC, TAI YT: QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes associated with clarithromycin. Am. .1. Med. (1998) 104(4):395–396.
  • HAYASHI Y, IKEDA U, HASHIMOTO T, WANTANABE T, MITSUHASHI T, SHIMADA K: Torsades de Pointes ventricular tachycardia induced by clarithromycin and disopyramide in the presence of hypokalemia. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. (1999) 22:672–674.
  • IANNINI PB, CIRCIUMARU I, BYAZROVA E, KRAMER H: QTc prolongation associated with levofloxacin. Br. Med. J. (2001) 7277:46-47. Letter.
  • SAMANTHA F: QTc interval prolongation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with levofloxacin. Am. J. Med. (1999) 107:528–529.
  • DUPONT H, TIMSIT JF, SOUWEINE B, GACHOT B, WOLFF M, REGNIER B: Torsades de Pointes probably related to sparfloxacin. Euc I Clin. Ma-biol. Infect. Dir. (1996) 15(4):350–351.
  • IANNINI PB, CIRCIUMARU I: Gatifloxacin-induced QTc prolongation and ventricular tachycardia. Pharmacotherapy (2001) 21:361–362.
  • BERTINO JS, OWENS RC JR, CARNES CD, IANNINI PB: Gatifloxacin associated corrected QT interval prolongation, Torsades de Pointes, and ventricular fibrillation in patients with known risk factors. Clin. Infect. Dir. (2002) 34:861–863.
  • •Good description of the complex factors that culminate in TdP when an antimicrobial agent is added.
  • FROTHINGHAM R: Rates of Torsades de Pointes associated with ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. Pharmacotherapy (2001) 21:1468–1472.
  • •Attempt at assigning incidence/drug.
  • IANNINI PB, TILLOTSON GS: Evaluating the risk of cardiac toxicity. Pharmacotherapy (2001) 21:261-262. Editorial.
  • TRISTANI-FIROUZI M, CHEN J, MITCHESON JS, SANGUINETTI MC: Molecular biology of K+ channels and their role in cardiac arrhythmias. Am. I Med. (2001) 110:50–59.
  • BEERMAN B: SMPA (Swedish Medical Products Agency) (December 1999).

Websites

  • http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/ 191999/ raxhcp.html Glaxo Wellcome: 1 November 1999. Letter.
  • http://www.eudra.org/humandocs/ PDFs?SWP/09869en.pdf Proprietary Medicinal Products, The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. Points to consider; assessment of the potential for QT interval prolongation by non-cardiovascular medicinal products. 17 December 1997.

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