1,147
Views
174
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Development of next-generation macromolecular drugs based on the EPR effect: challenges and pitfalls

, &

Bibliography

  • VTDeVitaJr, EChu. A history of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Res 2008;68:8643-53
  • AGilman, FSPhilips. The Biological Actions and Therapeutic Applications of the B-Chloroethyl Amines and Sulfides. Science 1946;103:409-36
  • CMMacleod, ERStone. Differences in the Nature of Antibacterial Action of the Sulfonamides and Penicillin and Their Relation to Therapy. Bull N Y Acad Med 1945;21:375-88
  • HMaeda, JTakeshita, RKanamaru. A lipophilic derivative of neocarzinostatin. A polymer conjugation of an antitumor protein antibiotic. Int J Pept Protein Res 1979;14:81-7
  • MXSliwkowski, IMellman. Antibody therapeutics in cancer. Science 2013;341:1192-8
  • BJDruker, STamura, EBuchdunger, et al. Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr-Abl positive cells. Nat Med 1996;2:561-6
  • MWDeininger, JMGoldman, NLydon, et al. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor CGP57148B selectively inhibits the growth of BCR-ABL-positive cells. Blood 1997;90:3691-8
  • HMKantarjian, TFojo, MMathisen, et al. Cancer drugs in the United States: justum Pretium – the just price. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3600-4
  • AMohamed, KKrajewski, BCakar, et al. Targeted therapy for breast cancer. Am J Pathol 2013;183:1096-112
  • MHuang, AShen, JDing, et al. Molecularly targeted cancer therapy: some lessons from the past decade. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014;35:41-50
  • SRicciardi, STomao, Fde Marinis. Toxicity of targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer management. Clin Lung Cancer 2009;10:28-35
  • JWeber. Review: anti-CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab: case studies of clinical response and immune-related adverse events. Oncologist 2007;12:864-72
  • DFMcDermott, MBAtkins. PD-1 as a potential target in cancer therapy. Cancer Med 2013;2:662-73
  • BVogelstein, NPapadopoulos, VEVelculescu, et al. Cancer genome landscapes. Science 2013;339:1546-58
  • BVogelstein, KWKinzler. Cancer genes and the pathways they control. Nat Med 2004;10:789-99
  • HMaeda. Vascular permeability in cancer and infection as related to macromolecular drug delivery, with emphasis on the EPR effect for tumor-selective drug targeting. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 2012;88:53-71
  • YNoguchi, JWu, RDuncan, et al. Early phase tumor accumulation of macromolecules: a great difference in clearance rate between tumor and normal tissues. Jpn J Cancer Res 1998;89:307-14
  • TLammers, FKiessling, WEHennink, et al. Drug targeting to tumors: principles, pitfalls and (pre-) clinical progress. J Control Release 2012;161:175-87
  • HMaeda. The link between infection and cancer: tumor vasculature, free radicals, and drug delivery to tumors via the EPR effect. Cancer Sci 2013;104:779-89
  • HMaeda, JFang, TInutsuka, et al. Vascular permeability enhancement in solid tumor: various factors, mechanisms involved and its implications. Int Immunopharmacol 2003;3:319-28
  • YMatsumura, HMaeda. A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. Cancer Res 1986;46:6387-92
  • HMaeda. SMANCS and polymer-conjugated macromolecular drugs: advantages in cancer chemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2001;46:169-85
  • HMaeda. Macromolecular therapeutics in cancer treatment: the EPR effect and beyond. J Control Release 2012;164:138-44
  • FYuan, MDellian, DFukumura, et al. Vascular permeability in a human tumor xenograft: molecular size dependence and cutoff size. Cancer Res 1995;55:3752-6
  • HHashizume, PBaluk, SMorikawa, et al. Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness. Am J Pathol 2000;156:1363-80
  • KIwai, HMaeda, TKonno. Use of oily contrast medium for selective drug targeting to tumor: enhanced therapeutic effect and X-ray image. Cancer Res 1984;44:2115-21
  • TKonno, HMaeda, KIwai, et al. Selective targeting of anti-cancer drug and simultaneous image enhancement in solid tumors by arterially administered lipid contrast medium. Cancer 1984;54:2367-74
  • TKonno, HMaeda, KIwai, et al. Effect of arterial administration of high-molecular-weight anticancer agent SMANCS with lipid lymphographic agent on hepatoma: a preliminary report. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1983;19:1053-65
  • SMaki, TKonno, HMaeda. Image enhancement in computerized tomography for sensitive diagnosis of liver cancer and semiquantitation of tumor selective drug targeting with oily contrast medium. Cancer 1985;56:751-7
  • ANagamitsu, KGreish, HMaeda. Elevating blood pressure as a strategy to increase tumor-targeted delivery of macromolecular drug SMANCS: cases of advanced solid tumors. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009;39:756-66
  • HIPeterson, KLAppelgren. Experimental studies on the uptake and rentention of labelled proteins in a rat tumour. Eur J Cancer 1973;9:543-7
  • HSChoi, WLiu, PMisra, et al. Renal clearance of quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol 2007;25:1165-70
  • HKobayashi, MWBrechbiel. Dendrimer-based macromolecular MRI contrast agents: characteristics and application. Mol Imaging 2003;2:1-10
  • HMaeda, YMatsumura, TOda, et al. Cancer selective macromolecular therapeusis; tailoring of an antitumor protein drug. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York and Basel, USA; 1986
  • AGabizon, RCatane, BUziely, et al. Prolonged circulation time and enhanced accumulation in malignant exudates of doxorubicin encapsulated in polyethylene-glycol coated liposomes. Cancer Res 1994;54:987-92
  • JBWolinsky, YLColson, MWGrinstaff. Local drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment: gels, nanoparticles, polymeric films, rods, and wafers. J Control Release 2012;159:14-26
  • KKnop, RHoogenboom, DFischer, et al. Poly(ethylene glycol) in drug delivery: pros and cons as well as potential alternatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010;49:6288-308
  • IBala, SHariharan, MNKumar. PLGA nanoparticles in drug delivery: the state of the art. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2004;21:387-422
  • BMishra, BBPatel, STiwari. Colloidal nanocarriers: a review on formulation technology, types and applications toward targeted drug delivery. Nanomedicine 2010;6:9-24
  • TLammers. Improving the efficacy of combined modality anticancer therapy using HPMA copolymer-based nanomedicine formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010;62:203-30
  • EWvan Etten, MTten Kate, LEStearne, et al. Amphotericin B liposomes with prolonged circulation in blood: in vitro antifungal activity, toxicity, and efficacy in systemic candidiasis in leukopenic mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:1954-8
  • AAGabizon, YBarenholz, MBialer. Prolongation of the circulation time of doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes containing a polyethylene glycol-derivatized phospholipid: pharmacokinetic studies in rodents and dogs. Pharm Res 1993;10:703-8
  • MFechtenbaum, MYMd Yusof, PEmery. Certolizumab pegol in rheumatoid arthritis: current update. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014;14(6):841-50
  • JAShannon, SWCole. Pegloticase: a novel agent for treatment-refractory gout. Ann Pharmacother 2012;46:368-76
  • CHe, YHu, LYin, et al. Effects of particle size and surface charge on cellular uptake and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2010;31:3657-66
  • LFBrown, AMDvorak, HFDvorak. Leaky vessels, fibrin deposition, and fibrosis: a sequence of events common to solid tumors and to many other types of disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:1104-7
  • KHori, MSuzuki, SSaito, et al. Changes in vessel pressure and interstitial fluid pressure of normal subcutis and subcutaneous tumor in rats due to angiotensin II. Microvasc Res 1994;48:246-56
  • SASkinner, PJTutton, PEO’Brien. Microvascular architecture of experimental colon tumors in the rat. Cancer Res 1990;50:2411-17
  • IAbe, KHori, SSaito, et al. Increased intratumor concentration of fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled neocarzinostatin in rats under angiotensin-induced hypertension. Jpn J Cancer Res 1988;79:874-9
  • MSuzuki, KHori, IAbe, et al. A new approach to cancer chemotherapy: selective enhancement of tumor blood flow with angiotensin II. J Natl Cancer Inst 1981;67:663-9
  • CJLi, YMiyamoto, YKojima, et al. Augmentation of tumour delivery of macromolecular drugs with reduced bone marrow delivery by elevating blood pressure. Br J Cancer 1993;67:975-80
  • JWu, TAkaike, HMaeda. Modulation of enhanced vascular permeability in tumors by a bradykinin antagonist, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and a nitric oxide scavenger. Cancer Res 1998;58:159-65
  • MEMarketou, PEVardas. Bradykinin in the treatment of arterial hypertension: friend or foe? Hellenic J Cardiol 2012;53:91-4
  • ANoguchi, TTakahashi, TYamaguchi, et al. Enhanced tumor localization of monoclonal antibody by treatment with kininase II inhibitor and angiotensin II. Jpn J Cancer Res 1992;83:240-3
  • TSeki, JFang, HMaeda. Enhanced delivery of macromolecular antitumor drugs to tumors by nitroglycerin application. Cancer Sci 2009;100:2426-30
  • HYasuda. Solid tumor physiology and hypoxia-induced chemo/radio-resistance: novel strategy for cancer therapy: nitric oxide donor as a therapeutic enhancer. Nitric Oxide 2008;19:205-16
  • MYJanssens, DLVan den Berge, VNVerovski, et al. Activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase results in nitric oxide-mediated radiosensitization of hypoxic EMT-6 tumor cells. Cancer Res 1998;58:5646-8
  • HYasuda, MYamaya, KNakayama, et al. Randomized phase II trial comparing nitroglycerin plus vinorelbine and cisplatin with vinorelbine and cisplatin alone in previously untreated stage IIIB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:688-94
  • CEstrada, CGomez, CMartin, et al. Nitric oxide mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992;186:475-82
  • JBrett, HGerlach, PNawroth, et al. Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin increases permeability of endothelial cell monolayers by a mechanism involving regulatory G proteins. J Exp Med 1989;169:1977-91
  • EFerrero, AVilla, MEFerrero, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced vascular leakage involves PECAM1 phosphorylation. Cancer Res 1996;56:3211-15
  • AMEggermont, HSchraffordt Koops, JMKlausner, et al. Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan for limb salvage in 186 patients with locally advanced soft tissue extremity sarcomas. The cumulative multicenter European experience. Ann Surg 1996;224:756-64; discussion 64-5
  • TSeki, FCarroll, SIllingworth, et al. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha increases extravasation of virus particles into tumour tissue by activating the Rho A/Rho kinase pathway. J Control Release 2011;156:381-9
  • PFailli, AVannacci, LDi Cesare Mannelli, et al. Relaxant effect of a water soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CORM-3) on spontaneously hypertensive rat aortas. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2012;26:285-92
  • RMotterlini, PSawle, JHammad, et al. Vasorelaxing effects and inhibition of nitric oxide in macrophages by new iron-containing carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs). Pharmacol Res 2013;68:108-17
  • NGAbraham, AKappas. Pharmacological and clinical aspects of heme oxygenase. Pharmacol Rev 2008;60:79-127
  • JFang, TAkaike, HMaeda. Antiapoptotic role of heme oxygenase (HO) and the potential of HO as a target in anticancer treatment. Apoptosis 2004;9:27-35
  • AJozkowicz, HWas, JDulak. Heme oxygenase-1 in tumors: is it a false friend? Antioxid Redox Signal 2007;9:2099-117
  • BJMurphy, KRLaderoute, HJVreman, et al. Enhancement of heme oxygenase expression and activity in A431 squamous carcinoma multicellular tumor spheroids. Cancer Res 1993;53:2700-3
  • JFang, HQin, HNakamura, et al. Carbon monoxide, generated by heme oxygenase-1, mediates the enhanced permeability and retention effect in solid tumors. Cancer Sci 2012;103:535-41
  • GBarth, EHuth, FWachsmann. [Experimental investigations on hyperthermia therapy of neoplasms]. Strahlentherapie 1952;88:1-7
  • GKong, RDBraun, MWDewhirst. Hyperthermia enables tumor-specific nanoparticle delivery: effect of particle size. Cancer Res 2000;60:4440-5
  • GKong, RDBraun, MWDewhirst. Characterization of the effect of hyperthermia on nanoparticle extravasation from tumor vasculature. Cancer Res 2001;61:3027-32
  • BBuckway, NFrazier, AJGormley, et al. Gold nanorod-mediated hyperthermia enhances the efficacy of HPMA copolymer-(90)Y conjugates in treatment of prostate tumors. Nucl Med Biol 2014;41:282-9
  • TLammers. Drug delivery research in Europe. J Control Release 2012;161:151
  • JDaruwalla, MNikfarjam, KGreish, et al. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tumor targeting styrene-maleic acid copolymer-pirarubicin micelles: survival improvement and inhibition of liver metastases. Cancer Sci 2010;101:1866-74
  • DWNorthfelt, FJMartin, PWorking, et al. Doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes containing surface-bound polyethylene glycol: pharmacokinetics, tumor localization, and safety in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Clin Pharmacol 1996;36:55-63
  • VJVenditto, FCSzokaJr. Cancer nanomedicines: so many papers and so few drugs!. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013;65:80-8
  • JGong, MChen, YZheng, et al. Polymeric micelles drug delivery system in oncology. J Control Release 2012;159:312-23
  • JAFlygare, THPillow, PAristoff. Antibody-drug conjugates for the treatment of cancer. Chem Biol Drug Des 2013;81:113-21

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.