163
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Delivery systems for hormone replacement therapy

&
Pages 191-204 | Published online: 28 Feb 2006

Bibliography

  • GUTHRIE JR, DENNERSTEIN L, HOPPER JL, BURGER HG: Hot flushes, menstrual status, and hormone levels in a population-based sample of midlife women. Obstet. Gynecol. (1996) 88:437-442.
  • RICHARDSON SJ, SENIKAS V, NELSON JF: Follicular depletion during the menopausal transition: evidence for accelerated loss and ultimate exhaustion. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (1987) 65:1231-1237.
  • MITCHELL ES, WOODS NF: Symptom experiences of midlife women: observations from the Seattle Midlife Women’s Health Study. Maturitas (1996) 25:1-10.
  • PORTER M, PENNEY GC, RUSSELL D, RUSSELL E, TEMPLETON A: A population based survey of women’s experience of the menopause. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. (1996) 103:1025-1028.
  • OLDENHAVE A, JASZMANN LJ, HASPELS AA, EVERAERD WT: Impact of climacteric on well-being. A survey based on 5213 women 39 to 60 years old. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1993) 168:772-780.
  • BARLOW DH, SAMSIOE G, VAN GEELEN JM: A study of European womens’ experience of the problems of urogenital ageing and its management. Maturitas (1997) 27:239-247.
  • BARLOW DH, CARDOZO LD, FRANCIS RM et al.: Urogenital ageing and its effect on sexual health in older British women. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. (1997) 104:87-91.
  • BURGER H, DE LAET CE, VAN DAELE PL et al.: Risk factors for increased bone loss in an elderly population: the Rotterdam Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. (1998) 147:871-879.
  • MATTHEWS KA, MEIAHN E, KUHLER LH et al.: Menopause and risk factors for coronary heart disease. N. Engl. J. Med. (1989) 321:641-646.
  • STEVENSON JC, CROOK D, GODSLAND IF: Influence of age and menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women. Atherosclerosis (1993) 98:83-90.
  • DE ALOYSIO D, GAMBACCIANI M, MESCHIA M et al.: The effect of menopause on blood lipid and lipoprotein levels. The Icarus Study Group. Atherosclerosis (1999) 147:147-153.
  • STEVENSON J: Metabolic effects of hormone replacement therapy. J. Br. Menopause Soc. (2004) 10:157-161.
  • LEY CJ, LEES B, STEVENSON JC: Sex- and menopause-associated changes in body-fat distribution. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (1992) 55:950-954.
  • MCKINLAY S, CRAWFORD S: Demographic aspects of menopause. In: Estrogens and Progestogens in Clinical Practice. IS Fraser, RP Jansen, RA Lobo, MI Whitehead (Eds), Churchill Livingstone, London, UK (1998):617-626.
  • GREENDALE GA, REBOUSSIN BA, HOGAN P et al.: Symptom relief and side effects of postmenopausal hormones: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions Trial. Obstet. Gynecol. (1998) 92:982-988.
  • GRODSTEIN F, MANSON JE, COLDITZ GA, WILLETT WC, SPEIZER FE, STAMPFER MJ: A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann. Intern. Med. (2000) 133:933-941.
  • GRODSTEIN F, STAMPFER MJ, FALKEBORN M, NAESSEN T, PERSSON I: Postmenopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease and hip fracture in a cohort of Swedish women. Epidemiology (1999) 10:476-480.
  • ROSSOUW JE, ANDERSON GL, PRENTICE RL et al.: Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA (2002) 288:321-333.
  • SPEROFF L: Clinical appraisal of the Women’s Health Initiative. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Res. (2005) 31:80-93.
  • NAFTOLIN F, TAYLOR HS, KARAS R et al.: The Women’s Health Initiative could not have detected cardioprotective effects of starting hormone therapy during the menopausal transition. Fertil. Steril. (2004) 81:1498-1501.
  • NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY: Treatment of menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms: Position statement of the North American Menopause Society. Menopause (2004) 11:11-33.
  • VON HOLST T, LANG E, WINKLER U, KEIL D: Bleeding patterns in peri and postmenopausal women taking a continuous combined regimen of estradiol with norethisterone acetate or a conventional sequential regimen of conjugated equine estrogens with medrogestone. Maturitas (2002) 43:265-275.
  • BERAL V, BULL D, REEVES G: Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. Lancet (2005) 365:1543-1551.
  • WATKINSON AC: The pharmacokinetics of drug delivery systems in hormone replacement therapy. J. Br. Menopause Soc. (2001) 7:105-108.
  • POWERS MS, SCHENKEL L, DARLEY PE, GOOD WR, BALESTRA JC, PLACE VA: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of transdermal dosage forms of 17 β-estradiol: comparision with conventional oral estrogens used for hormone replacement. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1985) 152:1099-1106.
  • KLOOSTERBOER HJ: Tissue-selectivity: the mechanism of action of tibolone. Maturitas (2004) 48(Suppl. 1):S30-S40.
  • BALFOUR JA, HEEL RC: Transdermal oestradiol: a review of its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of menopausal complaints. Drugs (1990) 40:561-568.
  • GOOD WR, POWERS MS, CAMPBELL P, SCHENKEL L: A new transdermal delivery system for estradiol. J. Control. Rel. (1985) 2:89-97.
  • CATZ P, FRIEND DR: Transdermal delivery of levonorgestrel. VIII. Effects of enhancers on rat skin, hairless mouse skin, hairless guinea pig skin and human skin. Int. J. Pharm. (1990) 58:93-102.
  • ERIANNE JA, WINTER L Jr: Comparison of the local tolerability and adhesion of a new matrix system (Menorest®) for estradiol delivery with an established transdermal membrane system (Estraderm TTS®). Maturitas (1997) 26:95-101.
  • MARTY JP: Menorest®: technical development and pharmacokinetic profile. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. (1996) 64(Suppl. 1):S29-S33.
  • MULLER P, BOTTA L, EZZET F: Bioavailability of estradiol from a new matrix and a conventional reservoir-type transdermal therapeutic system. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1996) 51:327-330.
  • GORDON SF: Clinical experience with a seven-day estradiol transdermal system for estrogen replacement therapy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1995) 173:998-1004.
  • BARACAT E, HAIDER M, CASTELO A et al.: Comparative bioavailability study of a once-a-week matrix versus a twice-a-week reservoir transdermal estradiol delivery systems in postmenopausal women. Maturitas (1996) 23:285-292.
  • STEVENSON J, OLADIPO A, MANASSIEV N et al.: Randomised trial of effect of transdermal continuous combined HRT on cardiovascular risk markers. Br. J. Haematol. (2004) 124:802-808.
  • SCARABIN PY, OGER E, PLU-BUREAU G: Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen-replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk. Lancet (2003) 362:428-432.
  • SMITH NL, HECKBERT SR, LEMAITRE RN et al.: Esterified estrogens and conjugated equine estrogens and the risk of venous thrombosis. JAMA (2004) 292:1581-1587.
  • SPEROFF L, WHITCOMB RW, KEMPFERT NJ et al.: Efficacy and local tolerance of a low-dose, 7-day matrix estradiol transdermal system in the treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Obstet. Gynecol. (1996) 88:587-592.
  • UTIAN W: Transdermal estradiol overall safety profile. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1987) 156:1335-1338.
  • STEVENSON JC: Optimising delivery systems for HRT. Maturitas (1999) 33(Suppl. 1):S31-S38.
  • BUSTER JE, KINGSBERG SA, AGUIRRE O et al.: Testosterone patch for low sexual desire in surgically menopausal women: a randomised trial. Obstet. Gynecol. (2005) 105:944-952.
  • HUMBERSTONE AJ, COLAGRANDE FM, NATION RL, EVANS AM: Pharmacokinetics of estradiol after application of an Estradiol Metered-Dose Transdermal System (MDTS): linearity and effect of washing the application site. American Association for Pharmaceutical Sciences (AAPS) Annual Meeting. Toronto, Canada (2002).
  • FINNIN BC, HADGRAFT J, KLOSE K, HUMBERSTONE AJ: Prediction of plasma concentrations for an estradiol metered dose transdermal spray (MDTS®). Controlled Release Society (CRS) Annual Meeting. Glasgow, Scotland (2003).
  • HIRVONEN E, LAMBERG-ALLARDT C, LANKINEN KS, GEURTS P, WILEN-ROSENQVIST G: Transdermal oestradiol gel in the treatment of the climacterium: a comparison with oral therapy. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. (1997)104(Suppl. 16):19-25.
  • TAECHAKRAICHANA N, UDOMPONGLUKKANA S, PANYAKHAMLERD K, LEEPIPATPAIBUL S, LIMPAPHAYOM K: Estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in oophorectomized women applying percutaneous 17 beta-estradiol over the medial surface of the left arm. J. Med. Assoc. Thai (1999) 82:115-120.
  • STUMPF PG: Pharmacokinetics of estrogen. Obstet. Gynecol. (1990) 75(4 Suppl.):9S-14S
  • LOBO RA, MCCORMICK W, SINGER F, ROY S: Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate compared with conjugated estrogens for the treatment of postmenopausal women. Obstet. Gynecol. (1984) 63:1-5.
  • BOSCHITSCH E, GITSCH E, SPONA J: [Therapy of the surgical menopause syndrome with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and its objective evaluation testing the reaction of the anterior pituitary gland to stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone] Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. (1983) 95:718-724.
  • COMMITTEE ON SAFETY OF MEDICINES: Updated prescribing advice on the effect of Depo-Provera contraception on bone. Published by the MHRA (2004) http://medicines.mhra.gov.uk.
  • HALL PE, FRASER IS: Monthly injectable contraceptives. In: Long Acting Steroid Contraception. Volume 2 of Advances in Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility. DR Mishell (Ed.), Academic Press, New York, NY, USA (1982):65-88.
  • GANGAR KF, FRASER D, WHITEHEAD MI, CUST MP: Prolonged endometrial stimulation associated with oestradiol implants. Br. Med. J. (1990) 300:436-438.
  • DAVIS SR, MCCLOUD P, STRAUSS BJ, BURGER HG: Testosterone enhances estradiol’s effects on post-menopausal bone density and sexuality. Maturitas (1995) 21:227-236.
  • SUHONEN SP, ALLONEN HO, LAHTEENMAKI P: Sustained-release estradiol implants and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in hormone replacement therapy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1995) 172:562-567.
  • DEW JE, WREN BG, EDEN JA: A cohort study of topical vaginal estrogen therapy in women previously treated for breast cancer. Climacteric (2003) 6:45-52.
  • RIOUX JE, DEVLIN C, GELFAND MM, STEINBERG WM, HEPBURN DS: 17 beta-estradiol vaginal tablet versus conjugated equine estrogen vaginal cream to relieve menopausal atrophic vaginitis. Menopause (2000) 7:156-161.
  • SUCKLING J, LETHABY A, KENNEDY R: Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. (2003) 4:CD001500.
  • DEZARNAULDS G, FRASER IS: Vaginal ring delivery of hormone replacement therapy – a review. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. (2002) 4:201-212.
  • WEISBERG E, AYTON R, DARLING G et al.: Endometrial and vaginal effects of low-dose oestradiol delivered by vaginal ring or vaginal tablet. Climacteric (2005) 8:83-92.
  • BARENTSEN R, VAN DE WEIJER PH, SCHRAM JH: Continuous low dose estradiol released from a vaginal ring versus estriol vaginal cream for urogenital atrophy. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. (1997) 71:73-80.
  • NASH HA, BRACHE V, ALVAREZ-SANCHEZ F, FRASER IS et al.: Estradiol vaginal rings for hormone replacement therapy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1999) 181:1400-1406.
  • HAMADA AL, MARUO T, SAMOTO T et al.: Estradiol/progesterone-releasing vaginal rings for hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Gynecol. Endocrinol. (2003) 17:247-254.
  • WARREN MP, BILLER BM, SHANGOLD MM: A new clinical option for hormone replacement therapy in women with secondary amenorrhea: effects of cyclic administration of progesterone from the sustained-release vaginal gel Crinone (4% and 8%) on endometrial morphologic features and withdrawal bleeding. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1999) 180:42-48.
  • RIPHAGEN FR: Intrauterine application of progestins in hormone replacement therapy: a review. Climacteric (2000) 3:199-212.
  • LUUKKAINEN T, ALLONEN H, HAUKKAMAA M, LÄHTEENMÄKI P, NILSSON CJ, TOIVONEN J: Five years experience with a levonorgestrel-releasing IUCD. Contraception (1986) 33:139-148.
  • ANDERSSON K, MATTSSON L-A, RYBO G, STADBERG E: Intrauterine release of levonorgestrel: a new way of adding progestogen in hormone replacement therapy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1992) 79:963-967.
  • RAUDASKOSKI T, LAHTI E, KAUPPILA A, APAJA-SARKKINEN M, LAATIKAINEN T: Transdermal estrogen with a levonorgestrel-releasing device for climacteric complaints: clinical and endometrial responses. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. (1995) 172:114-119.
  • SUHONEN S, HOLMSTROM T, ALLONEN HO, LÄHTEENMÄKI P: Intrauterine and subdermal progestin administration in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Fertil. Steril. (1995) 63:336-342.
  • RAUDASKOSKI T, TAPANAINEN J, TOMAS E et al.: Intrauterine 10 µg and 20 µg levonorgestrel systems in postmenopausal women receiving oral oestrogen replacement therapy: clinical, endometrial and metabolic response. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. (2002) 109:136-144.
  • STURDEE DW, RANTALA ML, COLAN JC, ZAHRADNIK HP, RIPHAGEN FE: The acceptability of a small intrauterine progestogen-releasing system for continuous combined hormone therapy in early postmenopausal women. Climacteric (2004) 7:404-411.
  • DEVISSAGUET JP, BRION N, LHOTE O, DELOFFRE P: Pulsed estrogen therapy: pharmacokinetics of intranasal 17-beta-estradiol in postmenopausal women and comparison with oral and transdermal formulations. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. (1999) 24:265-271.
  • KIRAN H, KIRAN G, EXERBICER HC, KILINE M: Effects of intranasal estradiol treatment on serum lipoprotein (a) and lipids in hysterectomized women. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. (2004) 57:191-195.
  • NIELSEN TF, RAVN P, BAGGER YZ, WARMING L, CHRISTIANSEN C: Pulsed estrogen therapy in prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. A 2-year randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Osteoporos. Int. (2004) 15:168-174.
  • GOMPEL A, BERGERON C, JONDET M et al.: Endometrial safety and tolerability of AERODIOL(R) (intranasal estradiol) for 1 year. Maturitas (2000) 36:209-215.
  • PITHA J, HARMAN SM, MICHEL ME: Hydrophilic cyclodextrin derivatives enable effective oral administration of steroidal hormones. J. Pharm. Sci. (1986) 75:165-167.
  • PINES A, AVERBUCH M, FISMAN EZ, ROSANO GM: The acute effects of sublingual 17-beta-estradiol on the cardiovascular system. Maturitas (1999) 33:81-85.
  • PRICE TM, BLAUER KL, HANSEN M, STANCZYK F, LOBO R, BATES GW: Single-dose pharmacokinetics of sublingual versus oral administration of micronized 17 beta-estradiol. Obstet. Gynecol. (1997) 89:340-345.
  • SPITZ IM: Progesterone antagonists and progesterone receptor modulators: an overview. Steroids (2003) 68:981-993.
  • DE MANNO D, ELGER W, GARG R et al.: Asoprisnil (J867): a selective progesterone receptor modulator for gynecological therapy. Steroids (2003) 68:1019-1032.
  • TENNANT TR, RINKER-SCHAEFFER CW, STADLER WM: Angiogenesis inhibitors. Curr. Oncol. Rep. (2000) 2:11-16.
  • MARTINO S, CAULEY JA, BARRETT-CONNOR E et al.: Continuing outcomes relevant to Evista: breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal osteoporotic women in a randomized trial of raloxifene. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2004) 96:1751-1761.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.