843
Views
22
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Drug interactions involving ethanol and alcoholic beverages

, PhD & , PhD
Pages 719-731 | Published online: 19 Oct 2007

Bibliography

  • HANSON DJ: In: Preventing Alcohol Abuse: Alcohol, Culture and Control. (Ed.), Praeger, Wesport, CT, USA (1995).
  • AMMON E, SCHAFER C, HOFMANN U, KLOTZ U: Disposition and first-pass metabolism of ethanol in humans: is it gastric or hepatic and does it depend on gender? Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (1996) 59(5):503-513.
  • LIEBER CS, DECARLI LM: The role of the hepatic microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS) for ethanol metabolism in vivo. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1972) 181(2):279-287.
  • LIEBER CS: Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): the first 30 years (1968 – 1998) – a review. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (1999) 23(6):991-1007.
  • LIEBER CS: The discovery of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and its physiologic and pathologic role. Drug Metab. Rev. (2004) 36(3-4):511-529.
  • HAMITOUCHE S, POUPON J, DREANO Y, AMET Y, LUCAS D: Ethanol oxidation into acetaldehyde by 16 recombinant human cytochrome P450 isoforms: role of CYP2C isoforms in human liver microsomes. Toxicol. Lett. (2006) 167(3):221-230.
  • RAMCHANDANI VA, KWO PY, LI TK: Effect of food and food composition on alcohol elimination rates in healthy men and women. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2001) 41(12):1345-1350.
  • RAUCY J, CARPENTER SP: CYP2E1. In: Metabolic Drug Interactions. Levy R, Thummel KE, Trager WF et al. (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, USA (2000):95-114.
  • PETER R, BOCKER R, BEAUNE PH et al.: Hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone as a specific probe for human liver cytochrome P-450IIE1. Chem. Res. Toxicol. (1990) 3(6):566-573.
  • YAMAZAKI H, GUO Z, GUENGERICH FP: Selectivity of cytochrome P4502E1 in chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation. Drug Metab. Dispos. (1995) 23(3):438-440.
  • GORSKI JC, JONES DR, WRIGHTON SA, HALL SD: contribution of CYP3A subfamily members to the 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone. Xenobiotica (1997) 27(3):243-256.
  • GIRRE C, LUCAS D, HISPARD E et al.: Assessment of cytochrome P4502E1 induction in alcoholic patients by chlorzoxazone pharmacokinetics. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1994) 47(9):1503-1508.
  • DE LA MAZA MP, HIRSCH S, PETERMANN M et al.: Changes in microsomal activity in alcoholism and obesity. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (2000) 24(5):605-610.
  • ONETA CM, LIEBER CS, LI J et al.: Dynamics of cytochrome P4502E1 activity in man: induction by ethanol and disappearance during withdrawal phase. J. Hepatol. (2002) 36(1):47-52.
  • LIANGPUNSAKUL S, KOLWANKAR D, PINTO A et al.: Activity of CYP2E1 and CYP3A enzymes in adults with moderate alcohol consumption: a comparison with nonalcoholics. Hepatology (2005) 41(5):1144-1150.
  • LUCAS D, MENEZ C, GIRRE C et al.: Decrease in cytochrome P4502E1 as assessed by the rate of chlorzoxazone hydroxylation in alcoholics during the withdrawal phase. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (1995) 19(2):362-366.
  • FEIERMAN DE, MELINKOV Z, NANJI AA: Induction of CYP3A by ethanol in multiple in vitro and in vivo models. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (2003) 27(6):981-988.
  • ST HAXHOLDT O, KRINTEL JJ, JOHANSSON G: Pre-operative alcohol infusion. The need for analgesic supplementation in chronic alcoholics. Anaesthesia (1984) 39(3):240-245.
  • KHARASCH ED, RUSSELL M, MAUTZ D et al.: The role of cytochrome P450 3A4 in alfentanil clearance. Implications for interindividual variability in disposition and perioperative drug interactions. Anesthesiology (1997) 87(1):36-50.
  • BOWER S, SEAR JW, ROY RC, CARTER RF: Effects of different hepatic pathologies on disposition of alfentanil in anaesthetized patients. Br. J. Anaesth. (1992) 68(5):462-465.
  • ZAHER H, BUTERS JT, WARD JM et al.: Protection against acetaminophen toxicity in CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 double-null mice. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. (1998) 152(1):193-199.
  • SINCLAIR J, JEFFERY E, WRIGHTON S et al.: Alcohol-mediated increases in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: role of CYP2E and CYP3A. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1998) 55(10):1557-1565.
  • MCCLAIN CJ, PRICE S, BARVE S, DEVALARJA R, SHEDLOFSKY S: Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: an update. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. (1999) 1(1):42-49.
  • PRESCOTT LF: Paracetamol, alcohol and the liver. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2000) 49(4):291-301.
  • BESSEMS JG, VERMEULEN NP: Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced toxicity: molecular and biochemical mechanisms, analogues and protective approaches. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. (2001) 31(1):55-138.
  • KUFFNER EK, GREEN JL, BOGDAN GM et al.: The effect of acetaminophen (four grams a day for three consecutive days) on hepatic tests in alcoholic patients – a multicenter randomized study. BMC Med. (2007) 5:13.
  • KUFFNER EK, DART RC, BOGDAN GM et al.: Effect of maximal daily doses of acetaminophen on the liver of alcoholic patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch. Intern. Med. (2001) 161(18):2247-2252.
  • THUMMEL KE, SLATTERY JT, RO H et al.: Ethanol and production of the hepatotoxic metabolite of acetaminophen in healthy adults. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (2000) 67(6):591-599.
  • LINDEN CH, RUMACK BH: Acetaminophen overdose. Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. (1984) 2(1):103-119.
  • RUMACK BH: Acetaminophen misconceptions. Hepatology (2004) 40(1):10-15.
  • GU L, GONZALEZ FJ, KALOW W, TANG BK: Biotransformation of caffeine, paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline by cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2 and CYP2E1. Pharmacogenetics (1992) 2(2):73-77.
  • TASSANEEYAKUL W, BIRKETT DJ, MCMANUS ME et al.: Caffeine metabolism by human hepatic cytochromes P450: contributions of 1A2, 2E1 and 3A isoforms. Biochem. Pharmacol. (1994) 47(10):1767-1776.
  • RIZZO N, HISPARD E, DOLBEAULT S et al.: Impact of long-term ethanol consumption on CYP1A2 activity. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (1997) 62(5):505-509.
  • FERREIRA SE, DE MELLO MT, POMPEIA S, DE SOUZA-FORMIGONI ML: Effects of energy drink ingestion on alcohol intoxication. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (2006) 30(4):598-605.
  • RAFLA F, EPSTEIN R: Identification of cocaine and its metabolites in human urine in the presence of ethyl alcohol. J. Anal. Toxicol. (1979) 3:59-63.
  • BOURLAND JA, MARTIN DK, MAYERSOHN M: In vitro transesterification of cocaethylene (ethylcocaine) in the presence of ethanol. Drug Metab. Dispos. (1998) 26(3):203-206.
  • BOYER CS, PETERSEN DR: Enzymatic basis for the transesterification of cocaine in the presence of ethanol: evidence for the participation of microsomal carboxylesterases. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1992) 260(3):939-946.
  • BAILEY DN: Comprehensive review of cocaethylene and cocaine concentrations in patients. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. (1996) 106(6):701-704.
  • LANDRY MJ: An overview of cocaethylene, an alcohol-derived, psychoactive, cocaine metabolite. J. Psychoactive Drugs (1992) 24(3):273-276.
  • PATRICK KS, STRAUGHN AB, MINHINNETT RR et al.: Influence of ethanol and gender on methylphenidate pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (2007) 81(3):346-353.
  • VOLKOW ND, SWANSON JM: Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. Am. J. Psychiatry (2003) 160(11):1909-1918.
  • HERMLE L, SPITZER M, BORCHARDT D, KOVAR KA, GOUZOULIS E: Psychological effects of MDE in normal subjects. Are entactogens a new class of psychoactive agents? Neuropsychopharmacology (1993) 8(2):171-176.
  • TOPP L, HANDO J, DILLON P, ROCHE A, SOLOWIJ N: Ecstasy use in Australia: patterns of use and associated harm. Drug Alcohol. Depend. (1999) 55(1-2):105-115.
  • HERNANDEZ-LOPEZ C, FARRE M, ROSET PN et al.: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and alcohol interactions in humans: psychomotor performance, subjective effects, and pharmacokinetics. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2002) 300(1):236-244.
  • KRETH K, KOVAR K, SCHWAB M, ZANGER UM: Identification of the human cytochromes P450 involved in the oxidative metabolism of “Ecstasy”-related designer drugs. Biochem. Pharmacol. (2000) 59(12):1563-1571.
  • LIN LY, DI STEFANO EW, SCHMITZ DA et al.: Oxidation of methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine by CYP2D6. Drug Metab. Dispos. (1997) 25(9):1059-1064.
  • THAI D, DYER JE, BENOWITZ NL, HALLER CA: γ-hydroxybutyrate and ethanol effects and interactions in humans. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. (2006) 26(5):524-529.
  • HARRINGTON RD, WOODWARD JA, HOOTON TM, HORN JR: Life-threatening interactions between HIV-1 protease inhibitors and the illicit drugs MDMA and gamma-hydroxybutyrate. Arch. Intern. Med. (1999) 159(18):2221-2224.
  • ERNEST CS II, HALL SD, JONES DR: Mechanism-based inactivation of CYP3A by HIV protease inhibitors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2005) 312(2):583-591.
  • MCDOWELL JA, CHITTICK GE, STEVENS CP, EDWARDS KD, STEIN DS: Pharmacokinetic interaction of abacavir (1592U89) and ethanol in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2000) 44(6):1686-1690.
  • DATTANI RG, HARRY F, HUTCHINGS AD, ROUTLEDGE PA: The effects of acute ethanol intake on isoniazid pharmacokinetics. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2004) 60(9):679-682.
  • HUTCHINGS A, MONIE RD, SPRAGG B, ROUTLEDGE PA: Acetylator phenotyping: the effect of ethanol on the dapsone test. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1984) 18(1):98-100.
  • O'REILLY RA: Lack of effect of mealtime wine on the hypoprothrombinemia of oral anticoagulants. Am. J. Med. Sci. (1979) 277(2):189-194.
  • O'REILLY RA: Lack of effect of fortified wine ingested during fasting and anticoagulant therapy. Arch. Intern. Med. (1981) 141(4):458-459.
  • KARLSON B, LEIJD B, HELLSTROM K: On the influence of vitamin K-rich vegetables and wine on the effectiveness of warfarin treatment. Acta Med. Scand. (1986) 220(4):347-350.
  • HAVRDA DE, MAI T, CHONLAHAN J: Enhanced antithrombotic effect of warfarin associated with low-dose alcohol consumption. Pharmacotherapy (2005) 25(2):303-307.
  • HA CE, PETERSEN CE, PARK DS, HAROHALLI K, BHAGAVAN NV: Investigations of the effects of ethanol on warfarin binding to human serum albumin. J. Biomed. Sci. (2000) 7(2):114-121.
  • MURRAY S, WOOLTORTON E: Alcohol-associated rapid release of a long-acting opioid. CMAJ (2005) 173(7):756.
  • DARKE AC: Controlled-release opioids and alcohol. CMAJ (2006) 174(3):352.
  • ROINE R, GENTRY RT, HERNANDEZ-MUNOZ R, BARAONA E, LIEBER CS: Aspirin increases blood alcohol concentrations in humans after ingestion of ethanol. JAMA (1990) 264(18):2406-2408.
  • HERNANDEZ-MUNOZ R, CABALLERIA J, BARAONA E et al.: Human gastric alcohol dehydrogenase: its inhibition by H2-receptor antagonists, and its effect on the bioavailability of ethanol. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (1990) 14(6):946-950.
  • PALMER RH, FRANK WO, NAMBI P, WETHERINGTON JD, FOX MJ: Effects of various concomitant medications on gastric alcohol dehydrogenase and the first-pass metabolism of ethanol. Am. J. Gastroenterol. (1991) 86(12):1749-1755.
  • MONROE ML, DOERING PL: Effect of common over-the-counter medications on blood alcohol levels. Ann. Pharmacother. (2001) 35(7-8):918-924.
  • WEINBERG DS, BURNHAM D, BERLIN JA: Effect of histamine-2 receptor antagonists on blood alcohol levels: a meta-analysis. J. Gen. Intern. Med. (1998) 13(9):594-599.
  • KECHAGIAS S, JONSSON KA, JONES AW: Impact of gastric emptying on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol as influenced by cisapride. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1999) 48(5):728-732.
  • HEATH MJ, PACHAR JV, PEREZ MARTINEZ AL, TOSELAND PA: An exceptional case of lethal disulfiram-alcohol reaction. Forensic Sci. Int. (1992) 56(1):45-50.
  • WILLIAMS CS, WOODCOCK KR: Do ethanol and metronidazole interact to produce a disulfiram-like reaction? Ann. Pharmacother. (2000) 34(2):255-257.
  • VISAPAA JP, TILLONEN JS, KAIHOVAARA PS, SALASPURO MP: Lack of disulfiram-like reaction with metronidazole and ethanol. Ann. Pharmacother. (2002) 36(6):971-974.
  • LUBBE J, MILINGOU M: Images in clinical medicine. Tacrolimus ointment, alcohol, and facial flushing. N. Engl. J. Med. (2004) 351(26):2740.
  • CALZA AM, LUBBE J: Tacrolimus ointment-associated alcohol intolerance in infants receiving ethanol-containing medication. Br. J. Dermatol. (2005) 152(3):569.
  • KNIGHT AK, BOXER M, CHANDLER MJ: Alcohol-induced rash caused by topical tacrolimus. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. (2005) 95(3):291-292.
  • MORALES-MOLINA JA, MATEU-DE ANTONIO J, GRAU S, FERRANDEZ O: Alcohol ingestion and topical tacrolimus: a disulfiram-like interaction? Ann. Pharmacother. (2005) 39(4):772-773.
  • MILINGOU M, ANTILLE C, SORG O, SAURAT JH, LUBBE J: Alcohol intolerance and facial flushing in patients treated with topical tacrolimus. Arch. Dermatol. (2004) 140(12):1542-1544.
  • KROEMER HK, GAUTIER JC, BEAUNE P et al.: Identification of P450 enzymes involved in metabolism of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. (1993) 348(3):332-337.
  • BUSSE D, COSME J, BEAUNE P, KROEMER HK, EICHELBAUM M: Cytochromes of the P450 2C subfamily are the major enzymes involved in the O-demethylation of verapamil in humans. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. (1995) 353(1):116-121.
  • AMMON E, KLOTZ U: In-vitro assessment of a possible verapamil/ethanol interaction. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. (1997) 355:R123.
  • ZACNY JP, YAJNIK S: Effects of calcium channel inhibitors on ethanol effects and pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Alcohol (1993) 10(6):505-509.
  • PEREZ-REYES M, WHITE WR, HICKS RE: Interaction between ethanol and calcium channel blockers in humans. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (1992) 16(4):769-775.
  • BAUER LA, SCHUMOCK G, HORN J, OPHEIM K: Verapamil inhibits ethanol elimination and prolongs the perception of intoxication. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (1992) 52(1):6-10.
  • HECHT SS: Inhibition of carcinogenesis by isothiocyanates. Drug Metab. Rev. (2000) 32(3-4):395-411.
  • NAKAJIMA M, YOSHIDA R, SHIMADA N, YAMAZAKI H, YOKOI T: Inhibition and inactivation of human cytochrome P450 isoforms by phenethyl isothiocyanate. Drug Metab. Dispos. (2001) 29(8):1110-1113.
  • LECLERCQ I, DESAGER JP, HORSMANS Y: Inhibition of chlorzoxazone metabolism, a clinical probe for CYP2E1, by a single ingestion of watercress. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (1998) 64(2):144-149.
  • DESAGER JP, GOLNEZ JL, DE BUCK C, HORSMANS Y: Watercress has no Importance for the elimination of ethanol by CYP2E1 inhibition. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (2002) 91(3):103-105.
  • ONYESOM I: Honey-induced stimulation of blood ethanol elimination and its influence on serum triacylglycerol and blood pressure in man. Ann. Nutr. Metab. (2005) 49(5):319-324.
  • ONYESOM I: Effect of Nigerian citrus (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) honey on ethanol metabolism. S. Afr. Med. J. (2004) 94(12):984-986.
  • JONES AW, JONSSON KA, KECHAGIAS S: Effect of high-fat, high-protein, and high-carbohydrate meals on the pharmacokinetics of a small dose of ethanol. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (1997) 44(6):521-526.
  • CHEYNIER V: Polyphenols in foods are more complex than often thought. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. (2005) 81(1 Suppl.):S223-S229.
  • CHAN WK, NGUYEN LT, MILLER VP, HARRIS RZ: Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by grapefruit juice and red wine. Life Sci. (1998) 62(10):PL135-PL142.
  • CHANG TK, CHEN J, LEE WB: Differential inhibition and inactivation of human CYP1 enzymes by trans-resveratrol: evidence for mechanism-based inactivation of CYP1A2. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2001) 299(3):874-882.
  • CHAN WK, DELUCCHI AB: Resveratrol, a red wine constituent, is a mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 3A4. Life Sci. (2000) 67(25):3103-3112.
  • PIVER B, BERTHOU F, DREANO Y, LUCAS D: Inhibition of CYP3A, CYP1A and CYP2E1 activities by resveratrol and other non volatile red wine components. Toxicol. Lett. (2001) 125(1-3):83-91.
  • YU C, SHIN YG, KOSMEDER JW, PEZZUTO JM, VAN BREEMEN RB: Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric determination of inhibition of human cytochrome P450 isozymes by resveratrol and resveratrol-3-sulfate. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom (2003) 17(4):307-313.
  • CHUN YJ, KIM MY, GUENGERICH FP: Resveratrol is a selective human cytochrome P450 1A1 inhibitor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1999) 262(1):20-24.
  • CHANG TK, YEUNG RK: Effect of trans-resveratrol on 7-benzyloxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin O-dealkylation catalyzed by human recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP3A5. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (2001) 79(3):220-226.
  • PIVER B, BERTHOU F, DREANO Y, LUCAS D: Differential inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by epsilon-viniferin, the dimer of resveratrol: comparison with resveratrol and polyphenols from alcoholized beverages. Life Sci. (2003) 73(9):1199-1213.
  • MIKSTACKA R, RIMANDO AM, SZALATY K, STASIK K, BAER-DUBOWSKA W: Effect of natural analogues of trans-resveratrol on cytochromes P4501A2 and 2E1 catalytic activities. Xenobiotica (2006) 36(4):269-285.
  • CIOLINO HP, YEH GC: The effects of resveratrol on CYP1A1 expression and aryl hydrocarbon receptor function in vitro. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. (2001) 492:183-193.
  • CHANG TK, LEE WB, KO HH: Trans-resveratrol modulates the catalytic activity and mRNA expression of the procarcinogen-activating human cytochrome P450 1B1. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (2000) 78(11):874-881.
  • CASPER RF, QUESNE M, ROGERS IM et al.: Resveratrol has antagonist activity on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor: implications for prevention of dioxin toxicity. Mol. Pharmacol. (1999) 56(4):784-790.
  • CHEN ZH, HURH YJ, NA HK et al.: Resveratrol inhibits TCDD-induced expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 and catechol estrogen-mediated oxidative DNA damage in cultured human mammary epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis (2004) 25(10):2005-2013.
  • REVEL A, RAANANI H, YOUNGLAI E et al.: Resveratrol, a natural aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, protects lung from DNA damage and apoptosis caused by benzo[a]pyrene. J. Appl. Toxicol. (2003) 23(4):255-261.
  • STUPANS L, TAN HW, KIRLICH A et al.: Inhibition of CYP3A-mediated oxidation in human hepatic microsomes by the dietary derived complex phenol, gallic acid. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. (2002) 54(2):269-275.
  • TSUNODA SM, HARRIS RZ, CHRISTIANS U et al.: Red wine decreases cyclosporine bioavailability. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (2001) 70(5):462-467.
  • TSUNODA S, HARRIS R, CHRISTIANS U: Acute and chronic wine effects on cyclosporine (CYA) disposition. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2000) 42.
  • OFFMAN EM, FREEMAN DJ, DRESSER GK et al.: Red wine-cisapride interaction: comparison with grapefruit juice. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (2001) 70(1):17-23.
  • BAILEY DG, DRESSER GK, BEND JR: Bergamottin, lime juice, and red wine as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 activity: comparison with grapefruit juice. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. (2003) 73(6):529-537.
  • MATTILA MJ, LAISI U, LINNOILA M, SALONEN R: Effect of alcoholic beverages on the pharmacokinetics of doxycycline in man. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh) (1982) 50(5):370-373.
  • HENDERSON MC, MIRANDA CL, STEVENS JF, DEINZER ML, BUHLER DR: In vitro inhibition of human P450 enzymes by prenylated flavonoids from hops, Humulus lupulus. Xenobiotica (2000) 30(3):235-251.
  • MIRANDA CL, YANG YH, HENDERSON MC et al.: Prenylflavonoids from hops inhibit the metabolic activation of the carcinogenic heterocyclic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, mediated by cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2. Drug Metab. Dispos. (2000) 28(11):1297-1302.
  • CRANKSHAW DL, HINES ND: Hepatic microsomes from beer fed rats contain a cytochrome P-450 metabolic intermediate complex. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1992) 189(2):899-905.
  • HIDESTRAND M, SHANKAR K, RONIS MJ, BADGER TM: Effects of light and dark beer on hepatic cytochrome P-450 expression in male rats receiving alcoholic beverages as part of total enteral nutrition. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. (2005) 29(5):888-895.
  • LECHEVREL M, WILD CP: Absence of a differential induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 by different alcoholic beverages in rats: implications for the aetiology of human oesophageal cancer. Arch. Toxicol. (1997) 71(11):690-695.

Website

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.