Non-invasive assessment of vulnerable plaque

Bibliography

• Yusuf S, Reddy S, Ounpuu S, Anand S. Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: Part II: variations in cardiovascular disease by specific ethnic groups and geographic regions and prevention strategies. Circulation 2001;104(23):2855-64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kannel WB, Doyle JT, McNamara PM, et al. Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death. Circulation 1975;51(4):606-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk E, Shah PK, Fuster V. Coronary plaque disruption. Circulation 1995;92(3):657-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrose JA, Tannenbaum MA, Alexopoulos D, et al. Angiographic progression of coronary artery disease and the development of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12(1):56-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little WC, Constantinescu M, Applegate RJ, et al. Can coronary angiography predict the site of a subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease? Circulation 1988;78(5 Pt 1):1157-66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grady D. A search for answers in Russert's death. New York Times; June 17, 2008
   Google Scholar
• Alderman EL, Corley SD, Fisher LD, et al. Five-year angiographic follow-up of factors associated with progression of coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). CASS Participating Investigators and Staff. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22(4):1141-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobuyoshi M, Tanaka M, Nosaka H, et al. Progression of coronary atherosclerosis: is coronary spasm related to progression? J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18(4):904-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giroud D, Li JM, Urban P, et al. Relation of the site of acute myocardial infarction to the most severe coronary arterial stenosis at prior angiography. Am J Cardiol 1992;69(8):729-32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virmani R, Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, et al. Lessons from sudden coronary death: a comprehensive morphological classification scheme for atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000;20(5):1262-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasterkamp G, Schoneveld AH, van der Wal AC, et al. Relation of arterial geometry to luminal narrowing and histologic markers for plaque vulnerability: the remodeling paradox. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32(3):655-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke AP, Farb A, Malcom GT, et al. Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly. N Engl J Med 1997;336(18):1276-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waxman S, Ishibashi F, Muller JE. Detection and treatment of vulnerable plaques and vulnerable patients: novel approaches to prevention of coronary events. Circulation 2006;114(22):2390-411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, et al. From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient: a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: Part II. Circulation 2003;108(15):1772-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A, et al. Healed plaque ruptures and sudden coronary death: evidence that subclinical rupture has a role in plaque progression. Circulation 2001;103(7):934-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rioufol G, Gilard M, Finet G, et al. Evolution of spontaneous atherosclerotic plaque rupture with medical therapy: long-term follow-up with intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 2004;110(18):2875-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldstein JA, Demetriou D, Grines CL, et al. Multiple complex coronary plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2000;343(13):915-22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffon A, Biasucci LM, Liuzzo G, et al. Widespread coronary inflammation in unstable angina. N Engl J Med 2002;347(1):5-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rioufol G, Finet G, Ginon I, et al. Multiple atherosclerotic plaque rupture in acute coronary syndrome: a three-vessel intravascular ultrasound study. Circulation 2002;106(7):804-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farb A, Burke AP, Tang AL, et al. Coronary plaque erosion without rupture into a lipid core. A frequent cause of coronary thrombosis in sudden coronary death. Circulation 1996;93(7):1354-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farb A, Tang AL, Burke AP, et al. Sudden coronary death. Frequency of active coronary lesions, inactive coronary lesions, and myocardial infarction. Circulation 1995;92(7):1701-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamagishi M, Terashima M, Awano K, et al. Morphology of vulnerable coronary plaque: insights from follow-up of patients examined by intravascular ultrasound before an acute coronary syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35(1):106-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ge J, Chirillo F, Schwedtmann J, et al. Screening of ruptured plaques in patients with coronary artery disease by intravascular ultrasound. Heart 1999;81(6):621-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanadis C, Diamantopoulos L, Vlachopoulos C, et al. Thermal heterogeneity within human atherosclerotic coronary arteries detected in vivo: a new method of detection by application of a special thermography catheter. Circulation 1999;99(15):1965-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thieme T, Wernecke KD, Meyer R, et al. Angioscopic evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques: validation by histomorphologic analysis and association with stable and unstable coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28(1):1-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang IK, Bouma BE, Kang DH, et al. Visualization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients using optical coherence tomography: comparison with intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39(4):604-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNeill BD, Jang IK, Bouma BE, et al. Focal and multi-focal plaque macrophage distributions in patients with acute and stable presentations of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44(5):972-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaar JA, De Korte CL, Mastik F, et al. Characterizing vulnerable plaque features with intravascular elastography. Circulation 2003;108(21):2636-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneiderman J, Wilensky RL, Weiss A, et al. Diagnosis of thin-cap fibroatheromas by a self-contained intravascular magnetic resonance imaging probe in ex vivo human aortas and in situ coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45(12):1961-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Garcia-Garcia HM, McFadden EP, et al. In vivo intravascular ultrasound-derived thin-cap fibroatheroma detection using ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46(11):2038-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leber AW, Knez A, von Ziegler F, et al. Quantification of obstructive and nonobstructive coronary lesions by 64-slice computed tomography: a comparative study with quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46(1):147-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollet NR, Cademartiri F, van Mieghem CA, et al. High-resolution spiral computed tomography coronary angiography in patients referred for diagnostic conventional coronary angiography. Circulation 2005;112(15):2318-23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raff GL, Gallagher MJ, O'Neill WW, Goldstein JA. Diagnostic accuracy of noninvasive coronary angiography using 64-slice spiral computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46(3):552-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdulla J, Abildstrom SZ, Gotzsche O, et al. 64-multislice detector computed tomography coronary angiography as potential alternative to conventional coronary angiography: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2007;28(24):3042-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arbustini E, Grasso M, Diegoli M, et al. Coronary thrombosis in non-cardiac death. Coron Artery Dis 1993;4(9):751-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong MK, Mintz GS, Lee CW, et al. Comparison of coronary plaque rupture between stable angina and acute myocardial infarction: a three-vessel intravascular ultrasound study in 235 patients. Circulation 2004;110(8):928-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maehara A, Mintz GS, Bui AB, et al. Morphologic and angiographic features of coronary plaque rupture detected by intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40(5):904-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Garcia-Garcia HM, Valgimigli M, et al. Global characterization of coronary plaque rupture phenotype using three-vessel intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis. Eur Heart J 2006;27(16):1921-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ojio S, Takatsu H, Tanaka T, et al. Considerable time from the onset of plaque rupture and/or thrombi until the onset of acute myocardial infarction in humans: coronary angiographic findings within 1 week before the onset of infarction. Circulation 2000;102(17):2063-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rittersma SZ, van der Wal AC, Koch KT, et al. Plaque instability frequently occurs days or weeks before occlusive coronary thrombosis: a pathological thrombectomy study in primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2005;111(9):1160-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters RJ, Kok WE, Havenith MG, et al. Histopathologic validation of intracoronary ultrasound imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1994;7(3 Pt 1):230-41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nair A, Kuban BD, Tuzcu EM, et al. Coronary plaque classification with intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis. Circulation 2002;106(17):2200-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasu K, Tsuchikane E, Katoh O, et al. Accuracy of in vivo coronary plaque morphology assessment: a validation study of in vivo virtual histology compared with in vitro histopathology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47(12):2405-12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Serruys PW, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. Coronary artery remodelling is related to plaque composition. Heart 2006;92(3):388-91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varnava AM, Mills PG, Davies MJ. Relationship between coronary artery remodeling and plaque vulnerability. Circulation 2002;105(8):939-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Ortiz A, Badimon JJ, Falk E, et al. Characterization of the relative thrombogenicity of atherosclerotic plaque components: implications for consequences of plaque rupture. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;23(7):1562-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies MJ, Richardson PD, Woolf N, et al. Risk of thrombosis in human atherosclerotic plaques: role of extracellular lipid, macrophage, and smooth muscle cell content. Br Heart J 1993;69(5):377-81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaar JA, Muller JE, Falk E, et al. Terminology for high-risk and vulnerable coronary artery plaques. Report of a meeting on the vulnerable plaque, June 17 and 18, 2003, Santorini, Greece. Eur Heart J 2004;25(12):1077-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ambrose JA. Prognostic implications of lesion irregularity on coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18(3):675-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee MKW. A critical appraise of the effects of fixation, dehydration and embedding of cell Volume. In: Revel JP, Barnard T, Haggis GH, editors, The science of biological specimen preparation for microscopy and microanalysis. Scanning electron microscopy, AMF O'Hare, 1984. IL 60666: p. 61-70
   Google Scholar
• Boyde A, Tamarin A. Dimensional changes during specimen preparation for scanning electron microscopy. Scanning Electron Microsc 1977;(I):507-18
   Google Scholar
• Loree HM, Kamm RD, Stringfellow RG, Lee RT. Effects of fibrous cap thickness on peak circumferential stress in model atherosclerotic vessels. Circ Res 1992;71(4):850-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, et al. Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 1987;316(22):1371-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasterkamp G, Wensing PJ, Post MJ, et al. Paradoxical arterial wall shrinkage may contribute to luminal narrowing of human atherosclerotic femoral arteries. Circulation 1995;91(5):1444-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smits PC, Pasterkamp G, Quarles van Ufford MA, et al. Coronary artery disease: arterial remodelling and clinical presentation. Heart 1999;82(4):461-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakamura M, Nishikawa H, Mukai S, et al. Impact of coronary artery remodeling on clinical presentation of coronary artery disease: an intravascular ultrasound study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37(1):63-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A, et al. Morphological predictors of arterial remodeling in coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 2002;105(3):297-303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galis ZS, Khatri JJ. Matrix metalloproteinases in vascular remodeling and atherogenesis: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Circ Res 2002;90(3):251-62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galis ZS, Sukhova GK, Lark MW, Libby P. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atherosclerotic plaques. J Clin Invest 1994;94(6):2493-503
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, de Winter S, Bruining N, et al. Effect of perindopril on coronary remodelling: insights from a multicentre, randomized study. Eur Heart J 2007;28(19):2326-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridolfi RL, Hutchins GM. The relationship between coronary artery lesions and myocardial infarcts: ulceration of atherosclerotic plaques precipitating coronary thrombosis. Am Heart J 1977;93(4):468-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horie T, Sekiguchi M, Hirosawa K. Coronary thrombosis in pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction. Histopathological study of coronary arteries in 108 necropsied cases using serial section. Br Heart J 1978;40(2):153-61
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiao JH, Fishbein MC. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis at sites of plaque rupture with occlusive thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17(5):1138-42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asakura M, Ueda Y, Yamaguchi O, et al. Extensive development of vulnerable plaques as a pan-coronary process in patients with myocardial infarction: an angioscopic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37(5):1284-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, McFadden EP, Valgimigli M, et al. Coronary plaque composition of nonculprit lesions, assessed by in vivo intracoronary ultrasound radio frequency data analysis, is related to clinical presentation. Am Heart J 2006;151(5):1020-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolodgie FD, Burke AP, Farb A, et al. The thin-cap fibroatheroma: a type of vulnerable plaque: the major precursor lesion to acute coronary syndromes. Curr Opin Cardiol 2001;16(5):285-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherman CT, Litvack F, Grundfest W, et al. Coronary angioscopy in patients with unstable angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 1986;315(15):913-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Tsiamis E, et al. Increased local temperature in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques: an independent predictor of clinical outcome in patients undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37(5):1277-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang JC, Normand SL, Mauri L, Kuntz RE. Coronary artery spatial distribution of acute myocardial infarction occlusions. Circulation 2004;110(3):278-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valgimigli M, Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. Distance from the ostium as an independent determinant of coronary plaque composition in vivo: an intravascular ultrasound study based radiofrequency data analysis in humans. Eur Heart J 2006;27(6):655-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valgimigli M, Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. Plaque composition in the left main stem mimics the distal but not the proximal tract of the left coronary artery: influence of clinical presentation, length of the left main trunk, lipid profile, and systemic levels of C-reactive protein. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49(1):23-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Garcia-Garcia HM, Wentzel J, et al. Plaque composition and its relationship with acknowledged shear stress patterns in coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47(4):884-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujii K, Carlier SG, Mintz GS, et al. Intravascular ultrasound study of patterns of calcium in ruptured coronary plaques. Am J Cardiol 2005;96(3):352-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leber AW, Becker A, Knez A, et al. Accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography to classify and quantify plaque volumes in the proximal coronary system: a comparative study using intravascular ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47(3):672-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motoyama S, Kondo T, Sarai M, et al. Multislice computed tomographic characteristics of coronary lesions in acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(4):319-26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach S, Moselewski F, Ropers D, et al. Detection of calcified and noncalcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque by contrast-enhanced, submillimeter multidetector spiral computed tomography: a segment-based comparison with intravascular ultrasound. Circulation 2004;109(1):14-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leber AW, Knez A, Becker A, et al. Accuracy of multidetector spiral computed tomography in identifying and differentiating the composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a comparative study with intracoronary ultrasound. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(7):1241-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun J, Zhang Z, Lu B, et al. Identification and quantification of coronary atherosclerotic plaques: a comparison of 64-MDCT and intravascular ultrasound. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008;190(3):748-54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ, Sipahi I, et al. Effect of very high-intensity statin therapy on regression of coronary atherosclerosis: the ASTEROID trial. JAMA 2006;295(13):1556-65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Granillo GA, Agostoni P, Garcia-Garcia HM, et al. Meta-analysis of the studies assessing temporal changes in coronary plaque volume using intravascular ultrasound. Am J Cardiol 2007;99(1):5-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moselewski F, Ropers D, Pohle K, et al. Comparison of measurement of cross-sectional coronary atherosclerotic plaque and vessel areas by 16-slice multidetector computed tomography versus intravascular ultrasound. Am J Cardiol 2004;94(10):1294-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pohle K, Achenbach S, Macneill B, et al. Characterization of non-calcified coronary atherosclerotic plaque by multi-detector row CT: comparison to IVUS. Atherosclerosis 2007;190(1):174-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viles-Gonzalez JF, Poon M, Sanz J, et al. In vivo 16-slice, multidetector-row computed tomography for the assessment of experimental atherosclerosis: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Circulation 2004;110(11):1467-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder S, Kuettner A, Wojak T, et al. Non-invasive evaluation of atherosclerosis with contrast enhanced 16 slice spiral computed tomography: results of ex vivo investigations. Heart 2004;90(12):1471-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach S, Ropers D, Hoffmann U, et al. Assessment of coronary remodeling in stenotic and nonstenotic coronary atherosclerotic lesions by multidetector spiral computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43(5):842-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virmani R, Burke AP, Kolodgie FD, Farb A. Vulnerable plaque: the pathology of unstable coronary lesions. J Interv Cardiol 2002;15(6):439-46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaw LJ, Raggi P, Schisterman E, et al. Prognostic value of cardiac risk factors and coronary artery calcium screening for all-cause mortality. Radiology 2003;228(3):826-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Detrano R, Guerci AD, Carr JJ, et al. Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups. N Engl J Med 2008;358(13):1336-45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pundziute G, Schuijf JD, Jukema JW, et al. Prognostic value of multislice computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49(1):62-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Min JK, Shaw LJ, Devereux RB, et al. Prognostic value of multidetector coronary computed tomographic angiography for prediction of all-cause mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(12):1161-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilard M, Le Gal G, Cornily JC, et al. Midterm prognosis of patients with suspected coronary artery disease and normal multislice computed tomographic findings: a prospective management outcome study. Arch Intern Med 2007;167(15):1686-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lesser JR, Flygenring B, Knickelbine T, et al. Clinical utility of coronary CT angiography: coronary stenosis detection and prognosis in ambulatory patients. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2007;69(1):64-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaemperli O, Valenta I, Schepis T, et al. Coronary 64-slice CT angiography predicts outcome in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Eur Radiol 2008;18(6):1162-73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber BL, Belge B, Legros GJ, et al. Characterization of acute and chronic myocardial infarcts by multidetector computed tomography: comparison with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance. Circulation 2006;113(6):823-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewey M, Muller M, Eddicks S, et al. Evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function with 16-slice computed tomography, biplane cineventriculography, and two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48(10):2034-44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreini D, Pontone G, Pepi M, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49(20):2044-50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feuchtner GM, Dichtl W, Friedrich GJ, et al. Multislice computed tomography for detection of patients with aortic valve stenosis and quantification of severity. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47(7):1410-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SY, Seo JB, Do KH, et al. Coronary artery anomalies: classification and ECG-gated multi-detector row CT findings with angiographic correlation. Radiographics 2006;26(2):317-33; discussion 333-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crouse JR 3rd, Raichlen JS, Riley WA, et al. Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial. JAMA 2007;297(12):1344-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissen SE, Tuzcu EM, Schoenhagen P, et al. Effect of intensive compared with moderate lipid-lowering therapy on progression of coronary atherosclerosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291(9):1071-80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrom MP, Gopal A, Ahmadi N, et al. Mortality incidence and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by computed tomography angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52(16):1335-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008;117(6):743-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham I, Atar D, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts). Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007;14(Suppl 2):E1-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausleiter J, Meyer T, Hadamitzky M, et al. Radiation dose estimates from cardiac multislice computed tomography in daily practice: impact of different scanning protocols on effective dose estimates. Circulation 2006;113(10):1305-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husmann L, Valenta I, Gaemperli O, et al. Feasibility of low-dose coronary CT angiography: first experience with prospective ECG-gating. Eur Heart J 2008;29(2):191-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan C, Beach KW, Smith LH Jr, Hatsukami TS. Measurement of atherosclerotic carotid plaque size in vivo using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 1998;98(24):2666-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan C, Mitsumori LM, Ferguson MS, et al. In vivo accuracy of multispectral magnetic resonance imaging for identifying lipid-rich necrotic cores and intraplaque hemorrhage in advanced human carotid plaques. Circulation 2001;104(17):2051-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fayad ZA, Fuster V. Characterization of atherosclerotic plaques by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000;902:173-86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toussaint JF, LaMuraglia GM, Southern JF, et al. Magnetic resonance images lipid, fibrous, calcified, hemorrhagic, and thrombotic components of human atherosclerosis in vivo. Circulation 1996;94(5):932-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Underhill HR, Yuan C, Terry JG, et al. Differences in carotid arterial morphology and composition between individuals with and without obstructive coronary artery disease: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008;10(1):31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bluemke DA, Achenbach S, Budoff M, et al. Noninvasive coronary artery imaging: magnetic resonance angiography and multidetector computed tomography angiography: a scientific statement from the american heart association committee on cardiovascular imaging and intervention of the council on cardiovascular radiology and intervention, and the councils on clinical cardiology and cardiovascular disease in the young. Circulation 2008;118(5):586-606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuber M, Botnar RM, Fischer SE, et al. Preliminary report on in vivo coronary MRA at 3 Tesla in humans. Magn Reson Med 2002;48(3):425-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cyrus T, Lanza GM, Wickline SA. Molecular imaging by cardiovascular MR. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2007;9(6):827-43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ala-Korpela M, Sipola P, Kaski K. Characterization and molecular detection of atherothrombosis by magnetic resonance–potential tools for individual risk assessment and diagnostics. Ann Med 2006;38(5):322-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briley-Saebo KC, Shaw PX, Mulder WJ, et al. Targeted molecular probes for imaging atherosclerotic lesions with magnetic resonance using antibodies that recognize oxidation-specific epitopes. Circulation 2008;117(25):3206-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briley-Saebo KC, Mulder WJ, Mani V, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques: current imaging strategies and molecular imaging probes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2007;26(3):460-79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahrendorf M, Zhang H, Hembrador S, et al. Nanoparticle PET-CT imaging of macrophages in inflammatory atherosclerosis. Circulation 2008;117(3):379-87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weustink AC, Meijboom WB, Mollet NR, et al. Reliable high-speed coronary computed tomography in symptomatic patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50(8):786-94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libby P. Current concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes. Circulation 2001;104(3):365-72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar