68
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction for virus infection diagnostics

, MD PhD, &
Pages 1155-1171 | Published online: 12 Oct 2008

Bibliography

  • Coen DM, Richman DD. Antiviral agents. In: Knipe DM and Howley DM, editors. Fields virology. 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007:447-85
  • Ruiz-Palacios GM, Perez-Schael I, Velazquez FR, et al. Safety and efficacy of an attenuated vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. N Engl J Med 2006;354(1):11-22
  • Garland SM, Hernandez-Avila M, Wheeler CM, et al. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent anogenital diseases. N Engl J Med 2007;356(19):1928-43
  • Chua KB, Goh KJ, Wong KT, et al. Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia. Lancet 1999;354(9186):1257-9
  • Chan PK. Outbreak of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in Hong Kong in 1997. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34(Suppl 2):S58-64
  • Falsey AR, Walsh EE. Novel coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2003;361(9366):1312-3
  • Whitley RJ. Smallpox: a potential agent of bioterrorism. Antiviral Res 2003;57(1-2):7-12
  • Lee LG, Connell CR, Bloch W. Allelic discrimination by nick-translation PCR with fluorogenic probes. Nucleic Acids Res 1993;21(16):3761-6
  • Livak KJ, Flood SJ, Marmaro J, et al. Oligonucleotides with fluorescent dyes at opposite ends provide a quenched probe system useful for detecting PCR product and nucleic acid hybridization. PCR Methods Appl 1995;4(6):357-62
  • Schneeberger C, Speiser P, Kury F, Zeillinger R. Quantitative detection of reverse transcriptase-PCR products by means of a novel and sensitive DNA stain. PCR Methods Appl 1995;4(4):234-8
  • Monis PT, Giglio S, Saint CP. Comparison of SYTO9 and SYBR Green I for real-time polymerase chain reaction and investigation of the effect of dye concentration on amplification and DNA melting curve analysis. Anal Biochem 2005;340(1):24-34
  • Hiyoshi M, Hosoi S. Assay of DNA denaturation by polymerase chain reaction-driven fluorescent label incorporation and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Anal Biochem 1994;221(2):306-11
  • Wittwer CT, Ririe KM, Andrew RV, et al. The LightCycler: a microvolume multisample fluorimeter with rapid temperature control. Biotechniques 1997;22(1):176-81
  • Heid CA, Stevens J, Livak KJ, Williams PM. Real time quantitative PCR. Genome Res 1996;6(10):986-94
  • Mhlanga MM, Malmberg L. Using molecular beacons to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms with real-time PCR. Methods 2001;25(4):463-71
  • Saha BK, Tian B, Bucy RP. Quantitation of HIV-1 by real-time PCR with a unique fluorogenic probe. J Virol Methods 2001;93(1-2):33-42
  • Holland PM, Abramson RD, Watson R, Gelfand DH. Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by utilizing the 5′–3′ exonuclease activity of Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88(16):7276-80
  • Kievits T, Van Gemen B, Van Strijp D, et al. NASBA isothermal enzymatic in vitro nucleic acid amplification optimized for the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection. J Virol Methods 1991;35(3):273-86
  • Leone G, Van Schijndel H, Van Gemen B, et al. Molecular beacon probes combined with amplification by NASBA enable homogeneous, real-time detection of RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 1998;26(9):2150-5
  • Deiman B, Jay C, Zintilini C, et al. Efficient amplification with NASBA of hepatitis B virus, herpes simplex virus and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus DNA. J Virol Methods 2008;151(2):283-93
  • Deiman B, Schrover C, Moore C, et al. Rapid and highly sensitive qualitative real-time assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus A and B using NASBA and molecular beacon technology. J Virol Methods 2007;146(1-2):29-35
  • Guichon A, Chiparelli H, Martinez A, et al. Evaluation of a new NASBA assay for the qualitative detection of hepatitis C virus based on the NucliSens Basic Kit reagents. J Clin Virol 2004;29(2):84-91
  • Jean J, Blais B, Darveau A, Fliss I. Simultaneous detection and identification of hepatitis A virus and rotavirus by multiplex nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and microtiter plate hybridization system. J Virol Methods 2002;105(1):123-32
  • Jordan HL, Scappino LA, Moscardini M, Pistello M. Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus RNA by two nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) formats. J Virol Methods 2002;103(1):1-13
  • Sillekens PT. Qualitative and quantitative NASBA for detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and hepatitis C virus infection. Transplant Proc 1996;28(5):2941-4
  • Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2000;28(12):E63
  • Bista BR, Ishwad C, Wadowsky RM, et al. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of BK virus. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(5):1581-7
  • Cai T, Lou G, Yang J, et al. Development and evaluation of real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification for hepatitis B virus DNA quantification: a new tool for HBV management. J Clin Virol 2008;41(4):270-6
  • Enomoto Y, Yoshikawa T, Ihira M, et al. Rapid diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(2):951-5
  • Fujino M, Yoshida N, Yamaguchi S, et al. A simple method for the detection of measles virus genome by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). J Med Virol 2005;76(3):406-13
  • Imai M, Ninomiya A, Minekawa H, et al. Development of H5-RT-LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) system for rapid diagnosis of H5 avian influenza virus infection. Vaccine 2006;24(44-46):6679-82
  • Ito M, Watanabe M, Nakagawa N, et al. Rapid detection and typing of influenza A and B by loop-mediated isothermal amplification: comparison with immunochromatography and virus isolation. J Virol Methods 2006;135(2):272-5
  • Iwata S, Shibata Y, Kawada J, et al. Rapid detection of Epstein-Barr virus DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Clin Virol 2006;37(2):128-33
  • Jayawardena S, Cheung CY, Barr I, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for influenza A (H5N1) virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2007;13(6):899-901
  • Kaneko H, Iida T, Aoki K, et al. Sensitive and rapid detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(7):3290-6
  • Kimura H, Ihira M, Enomoto Y, et al. Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid: comparison between loop-mediated isothermal amplification and real-time PCR. Med Microbiol Immunol 2005;194(4):181-5
  • Kurosaki Y, Takada A, Ebihara H, et al. Rapid and simple detection of Ebola virus by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Virol Methods 2007;141(1):78-83
  • Mori N, Motegi Y, Shimamura Y, et al. Development of a new method for diagnosis of rubella virus infection by reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44(9):3268-73
  • Okafuji T, Yoshida N, Fujino M, et al. Rapid diagnostic method for detection of mumps virus genome by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(4):1625-31
  • Okamoto S, Yoshikawa T, Ihira M, et al. Rapid detection of varicella-zoster virus infection by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. J Med Virol 2004;74(4):677-82
  • Parida M, Horioke K, Ishida H, et al. Rapid detection and differentiation of dengue virus serotypes by a real-time reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(6):2895-903
  • Parida M, Posadas G, Inoue S, et al. Real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of West Nile virus. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42(1):257-63
  • Parida MM, Santhosh SR, Dash PK, et al. Rapid and real-time detection of Chikungunya virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(2):351-7
  • Parida MM, Santhosh SR, Dash PK, et al. Development and evaluation of reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and real-time detection of Japanese encephalitis virus. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44(11):4172-8
  • Shirato K, Nishimura H, Saijo M, et al. Diagnosis of human respiratory syncytial virus infection using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. J Virol Methods 2007;139(1):78-84
  • Sugiyama H, Yoshikawa T, Ihira M, et al. Comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification, real-time PCR, and virus isolation for the detection of herpes simplex virus in genital lesions. J Med Virol 2005;75(4):583-7
  • Toriniwa H, Komiya T. Rapid detection and quantification of Japanese encephalitis virus by real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Microbiol Immunol 2006;50(5):379-87
  • Ushio M, Yui I, Yoshida N, et al. Detection of respiratory syncytial virus genome by subgroups-A, B specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). J Med Virol 2005;77(1):121-7
  • Yoneyama T, Kiyohara T, Shimasaki N, et al. Rapid and real-time detection of hepatitis A virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. J Virol Methods 2007;145(2):162-8
  • Kimura H, Ito Y, Futamura M, et al. Quantitation of viral load in neonatal herpes simplex virus infection and comparison between type 1 and type 2. J Med Virol 2002;67(3):349-53
  • Weidmann M, Meyer-Konig U, Hufert FT. Rapid detection of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus infections by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41(4):1565-8
  • Mookerjee BP, Vogelsang G. Human herpes virus-6 encephalitis after bone marrow transplantation: successful treatment with ganciclovir. Bone Marrow Transplant 1997;20(10):905-6
  • De Almeida Rodrigues G, Nagendra S, Lee CK, De Magalhaes-Silverman M. Human herpes virus 6 fatal encephalitis in a bone marrow recipient. Scand J Infect Dis 1999;31(3):313-5
  • Elfaitouri A, Hammarin AL, Blomberg J. Quantitative real-time PCR assay for detection of human polyomavirus infection. J Virol Methods 2006;135(2):207-13
  • Kowala-Piaskowska A, Figlerowicz M, Mozer-Lisewska I, et al. Vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res 2004;30(3):137-40
  • Mellors JW, Kingsley LA, Rinaldo CR Jr, et al. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA in plasma predicts outcome after seroconversion. Ann Intern Med 1995;122(8):573-9
  • Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR Jr, Gupta P, et al. Prognosis in HIV-1 infection predicted by the quantity of virus in plasma. Science 1996;272(5265):1167-70
  • Bossolasco S, Calori G, Moretti F, et al. Prognostic significance of JC virus DNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40(5):738-44
  • Franzen-Rohl E, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Grillner L, Aurelius E. Increased detection rate in diagnosis of herpes simplex virus type 2 meningitis by real-time PCR using cerebrospinal fluid samples. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(8):2516-20
  • Munoz-Almagro C, Jordan I, Cambra FJ, et al. Quantitative real-time PCR in paediatric patients with herpes simplex infections of the central nervous system. J Virol Methods 2008;147(2):297-300
  • Drago L, Lombardi A, De Vecchi E, et al. Comparison of nested PCR and real time PCR of Herpesvirus infections of central nervous system in HIV patients. BMC Infect Dis 2004;4:55
  • Wada K, Kubota N, Ito Y, et al. Simultaneous quantification of Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 6 DNA in samples from transplant recipients by multiplex real-time PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(5):1426-32
  • Tavakoli NP, Nattanmai S, Hull R, et al. Detection and typing of human herpesvirus 6 by molecular methods in specimens from patients diagnosed with encephalitis or meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(12):3972-8
  • Ryschkewitsch C, Jensen P, Hou J, et al. Comparison of PCR-southern hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of JC and BK viral nucleotide sequences in urine and cerebrospinal fluid. J Virol Methods 2004;121(2):217-21
  • Dierssen U, Rehren F, Henke-Gendo C, et al. Rapid routine detection of enterovirus RNA in cerebrospinal fluid by a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay. J Clin Virol 2008;42(1):58-64
  • Archimbaud C, Mirand A, Chambon M, et al. Improved diagnosis on a daily basis of enterovirus meningitis using a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay. J Med Virol 2004;74(4):604-11
  • Kuhne Simmonds M, Brown DW, Jin L. Measles viral load may reflect SSPE disease progression. Virol J 2006;3:49
  • Boddicker JD, Rota PA, Kreman T, et al. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay for detection of mumps virus RNA in clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(9):2902-8
  • Schwaiger M, Cassinotti P. Development of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay with internal control for the laboratory detection of tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA. J Clin Virol 2003;27(2):136-45
  • Huang JL, Lin HT, Wang YM, et al. Sensitive and specific detection of strains of Japanese encephalitis virus using a one-step TaqMan RT-PCR technique. J Med Virol 2004;74(4):589-96
  • Santhosh SR, Parida MM, Dash PK, et al. Development and evaluation of SYBR Green I-based one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and quantitation of Japanese encephalitis virus. J Virol Methods 2007;143(1):73-80
  • Linke S, Ellerbrok H, Niedrig M, et al. Detection of West Nile virus lineages 1 and 2 by real-time PCR. J Virol Methods 2007;146(1-2):355-8
  • Perez-Ruiz M, Collao X, Navarro-Mari JM, Tenorio A. Reverse transcription, real-time PCR assay for detection of Toscana virus. J Clin Virol 2007;39(4):276-81
  • Lambert AJ, Nasci RS, Cropp BC, et al. Nucleic acid amplification assays for detection of La Crosse virus RNA. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(4):1885-9
  • Major EO, Amemiya K, Tornatore CS, et al. Pathogenesis and molecular biology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain. Clin Microbiol Rev 1992;5(1):49-73
  • Wu C, Cheng X, He J, et al. A multiplex real-time RT-PCR for detection and identification of influenza virus types A and B and subtypes H5 and N1. J Virol Methods 2008;148(1-2):81-8
  • Van Elden LJ, Van Loon AM, Van Der Beek A, et al. Applicability of a real-time quantitative PCR assay for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunocompromised adults. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41(9):4378-81
  • Perkins SM, Webb DL, Torrance SA, et al. Comparison of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay and a culture technique for quantitative assessment of viral load in children naturally infected with respiratory syncytial virus. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(5):2356-62
  • Boivin G, Cote S, Dery P, et al. Multiplex real-time PCR assay for detection of influenza and human respiratory syncytial viruses. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42(1):45-51
  • Gueudin M, Vabret A, Petitjean J, et al. Quantitation of respiratory syncytial virus RNA in nasal aspirates of children by real-time RT-PCR assay. J Virol Methods 2003;109(1):39-45
  • Templeton KE, Scheltinga SA, Beersma MF, et al. Rapid and sensitive method using multiplex real-time PCR for diagnosis of infections by influenza a and influenza B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, 3, and 4. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42(4):1564-9
  • Pabbaraju K, Wong S, McMillan T, et al. Diagnosis and epidemiological studies of human metapneumovirus using real-time PCR. J Clin Virol 2007;40(3):186-92
  • Heim A, Ebnet C, Harste G, Pring-Akerblom P. Rapid and quantitative detection of human adenovirus DNA by real-time PCR. J Med Virol 2003;70(2):228-39
  • Kohdera U, Kino M, Ito M. Detection of adenovirus DNA in throat swabs and blood by SYBR green real-time PCR assay in patients with adenovirus-associated tonsillitis. Jpn J Infect Dis 2006;59(6):394-6
  • Vesikari T, Matson DO, Dennehy P, et al. Safety and efficacy of a pentavalent human-bovine (WC3) reassortant rotavirus vaccine. N Engl J Med 2006;354(1):23-33
  • Logan C, O'Leary JJ, O'Sullivan N. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR for detection of rotavirus and adenovirus as causative agents of acute viral gastroenteritis in children. J Clin Microbiol 2006;44(9):3189-95
  • Pang XL, Lee B, Boroumand N, et al. Increased detection of rotavirus using a real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay in stool specimens from children with diarrhea. J Med Virol 2004;72(3):496-501
  • Kang G, Iturriza-Gomara M, Wheeler JG, et al. Quantitation of group A rotavirus by real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction: correlation with clinical severity in children in South India. J Med Virol 2004;73(1):118-22
  • Logan C, O'Leary JJ, O'Sullivan N. Real-time reverse transcription PCR detection of norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus as causative agents of acute viral gastroenteritis. J Virol Methods 2007;146(1-2):36-44
  • Kageyama T, Kojima S, Shinohara M, et al. Broadly reactive and highly sensitive assay for Norwalk-like viruses based on real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41(4):1548-57
  • Pang X, Lee B, Chui L, et al. Evaluation and validation of real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay using the LightCycler system for detection and quantitation of norovirus. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42(10):4679-85
  • Martell M, Gomez J, Esteban JI, et al. High-throughput real-time reverse transcription-PCR quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37(2):327-32
  • Takeuchi T, Katsume A, Tanaka T, et al. Real-time detection system for quantification of hepatitis C virus genome. Gastroenterology 1999;116(3):636-42
  • Abe A, Inoue K, Tanaka T, et al. Quantitation of hepatitis B virus genomic DNA by real-time detection PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37(9):2899-903
  • Pas SD, Fries E, De Man RA, et al. Development of a quantitative real-time detection assay for hepatitis B virus DNA and comparison with two commercial assays. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(8):2897-901
  • Kishimoto H, Yoshioka K, Yano M, et al. Real-time detection system for quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA: a comparison with the other three methods. Hepatol Res 2001;19(1):12-21
  • Chen RW, Piiparinen H, Seppanen M, et al. Real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of hepatitis B virus DNA. J Med Virol 2001;65(2):250-6
  • White PA, Pan Y, Freeman AJ, et al. Quantification of hepatitis C virus in human liver and serum samples by using LightCycler reverse transcriptase PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40(11):4346-8
  • Guillaume V, Lefeuvre A, Faure C, et al. Specific detection of Nipah virus using real-time RT-PCR (TaqMan). J Virol Methods 2004;120(2):229-37
  • Towner JS, Khristova ML, Sealy TK, et al. Marburgvirus genomics and association with a large hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Angola. J Virol 2006;80(13):6497-516
  • Ng EK, Hui DS, Chan KC, et al. Quantitative analysis and prognostic implication of SARS coronavirus RNA in the plasma and serum of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Chem 2003;49(12):1976-80
  • Hoffmann B, Harder T, Starick E, et al. Rapid and highly sensitive pathotyping of avian influenza A H5N1 virus by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(2):600-3
  • Ellis JS, Smith JW, Braham S, et al. Design and validation of an H5 TaqMan real-time one-step reverse transcription-PCR and confirmatory assays for diagnosis and verification of influenza A virus H5 infections in humans. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(5):1535-43
  • Hourfar MK, Roth WK, Seifried E, Schmidt M. Comparison of two real-time quantitative assays for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42(5):2094-100
  • Towner JS, Rollin PE, Bausch DG, et al. Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a predictor of outcome. J Virol 2004;78(8):4330-41
  • Lahariya C, Pradhan SK. Emergence of chikungunya virus in Indian subcontinent after 32 years: a review. J Vector Borne Dis 2006;43(4):151-60
  • Rezza G, Nicoletti L, Angelini R, et al. Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. Lancet 2007;370(9602):1840-6
  • Ito M, Takasaki T, Yamada K, et al. Development and evaluation of fluorogenic TaqMan reverse transcriptase PCR assays for detection of dengue virus types 1 to 4. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42(12):5935-7
  • Johnson BW, Russell BJ, Lanciotti RS. Serotype-specific detection of dengue viruses in a fourplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43(10):4977-83
  • Carletti F, Bordi L, Chiappini R, et al. Rapid detection and quantification of Chikungunya virus by a one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction real-time assay. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;77(3):521-4
  • Laurent P, Le Roux K, Grivard P, et al. Development of a sensitive real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay with an internal control to detect and quantify chikungunya virus. Clin Chem 2007;53(8):1408-14
  • Santhosh SR, Parida MM, Dash PK, et al. Development and evaluation of SYBR Green I-based one-step real-time RT-PCR assay for detection and quantification of Chikungunya virus. J Clin Virol 2007;39(3):188-93
  • Reed KD, Melski JW, Graham MB, et al. The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere. N Engl J Med 2004;350(4):342-50
  • Saijo M, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, et al. Diagnosis and assessment of monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection by quantitative PCR assay: differentiation of Congo Basin and West African MPXV strains. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008;61(2):140-2
  • Li Y, Olson VA, Laue T, et al. Detection of monkeypox virus with real-time PCR assays. J Clin Virol 2006;36(3):194-203
  • Lorincz AT, Reid R, Jenson AB, et al. Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix: relative risk associations of 15 common anogenital types. Obstet Gynecol 1992;79(3):328-37
  • Swan DC, Tucker RA, Tortolero-Luna G, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA copy number is dependent on grade of cervical disease and HPV type. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37(4):1030-4
  • Lamarcq L, Deeds J, Ginzinger D, et al. Measurements of human papillomavirus transcripts by real time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in samples collected for cervical cancer screening. J Mol Diagn 2002;4(2):97-102
  • Knoll A, Louwen F, Kochanowski B, et al. Parvovirus B19 infection in pregnancy: quantitative viral DNA analysis using a kinetic fluorescence detection system (TaqMan PCR). J Med Virol 2002;67(2):259-66
  • Jin L, Thomas B. Application of molecular and serological assays to case based investigations of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome. J Med Virol 2007;79(7):1017-24
  • Vauloup-Fellous C, Ducroux A, Couloigner V, et al. Evaluation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA quantification in dried blood spots: retrospective study of CMV congenital infection. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(11):3804-6
  • Nozawa N, Koyano S, Yamamoto Y, et al. Real-time PCR assay using specimens on filter disks as a template for detection of cytomegalovirus in urine. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45(4):1305-7
  • Lee I, Barton TD. Viral respiratory tract infections in transplant patients: epidemiology, recognition and management. Drugs 2007;67(10):1411-27
  • Niesters HG, Van Esser J, Fries E, et al. Development of a real-time quantitative assay for detection of Epstein-Barr virus. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(2):712-5
  • Machida U, Kami M, Fukui T, et al. Real-time automated PCR for early diagnosis and monitoring of cytomegalovirus infection after bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(7):2536-42
  • Nitsche A, Steuer N, Schmidt CA, et al. Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA by real-time quantitative PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(7):2734-7
  • Limaye AP, Huang ML, Leisenring W, et al. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in plasma for the diagnosis of CMV disease before engraftment in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant recipients. J Infect Dis 2001;183(3):377-82
  • Yoshida A, Hitomi S, Fukui T, et al. Diagnosis and monitoring of human cytomegalovirus diseases in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection by use of a real-time PCR assay. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33(10):1756-61
  • Griscelli F, Barrois M, Chauvin S, et al. Quantification of human cytomegalovirus DNA in bone marrow transplant recipients by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39(12):4362-9
  • Leruez-Ville M, Ouachee M, Delarue R, et al. Monitoring cytomegalovirus infection in adult and pediatric bone marrow transplant recipients by a real-time PCR assay performed with blood plasma. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41(5):2040-6
  • Locatelli G, Santoro F, Veglia F, et al. Real-time quantitative PCR for human herpesvirus 6 DNA. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38(11):4042-8
  • Roche. Available from: www.Roche-Applied-Science.com
  • Qiagen. Available from: www.qiagen.com
  • Applied Biosystems. Available from: www.appliedbiosystems.com
  • BioMerieux. Available from: http://www.biomerieux.com
  • Al-Soud WA, Radstrom P. Purification and characterization of PCR-inhibitory components in blood cells. J Clin Microbiol 2001;39(2):485-93
  • Al-Soud WA, Ouis IS, Li DQ, et al. Characterization of the PCR inhibitory effect of bile to optimize real-time PCR detection of Helicobacter species. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2005;44(2):177-82
  • Ducroux A, Cherid S, Benachi A, et al. Evaluation of new commercial real-time PCR quantification assay for prenatal diagnosis of cytomegalovirus congenital infection. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46(6):2078-80
  • Dong SM, Pai SI, Rha SH, et al. Detection and quantitation of human papillomavirus DNA in the plasma of patients with cervical carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2002;11(1):3-6
  • Nagao S, Yoshinouchi M, Miyagi Y, et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of physical status of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA by quantitative real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40(3):863-7
  • Scheurer ME, Dillon LM, Chen Z, et al. Absolute quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for the measurement of human papillomavirus E7 mRNA in cervical cytobrush specimens. Infect Agent Cancer 2007;2:8

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.