Multidisciplinary management and the future of treatment in cholangiocarcinoma

References

• Khan SA, Toledano MB, Taylor-Robinson SD. Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2008;10(2):77–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poultsides GA, Zhu AX, Choti MA, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Clin North Am. 2010 Aug;90(4):817–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato I, Kuroishi T, Tominaga S. Descriptive epidemiology of subsites of cancers of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas in Japan. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1990 Sep;20(3):232–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel T. Increasing incidence and mortality of primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. Hepatology. 2001 Jun;33(6):1353–1357.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaib YH, Davila JA, McGlynn K, et al. Rising incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a true increase? J Hepatol. 2004 Mar;40(3):472–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor-Robinson SD, Foster GR, Arora S, et al. Increase in primary liver cancer in the UK, 1979-94. Lancet. 1997 Oct 18;350(9085):1142–1143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor-Robinson SD, Toledano MB, Arora S, et al. Increase in mortality rates from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in England and Wales 1968-1998. Gut. 2001 Jun;48(6):816–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welzel TM, McGlynn KA, Hsing AW, et al. Impact of classification of hilar cholangiocarcinomas (Klatskin tumors) on the incidence of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Jun 21;98(12):873–875.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• von Hahn T, Ciesek S, Wegener G, et al. Epidemiological trends in incidence and mortality of hepatobiliary cancers in Germany. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011 Sep;46(9):1092–1098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvaro D, Crocetti E, Ferretti S, AISF Cholangiocarcinoma committee, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of cholangiocarcinoma in Italy. Dig Liver Dis. 2010 Jul; 42(7):490–495.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welzel TM, Graubard BI, El-Serag HB, et al. Risk factors for intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a population-based case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Oct;5(10):1221–1228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardinale V, Semeraro R, Torrice A, et al. Intra-hepatic and extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma: new insight into epidemiology and risk factors. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2010 Nov 15;2(11):407–416.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaib YH, El-Serag HB, Davila JA, et al. Risk factors of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the United States: a case-control study. Gastroenterology. 2005 Mar;128(3):620–626.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumoto K, Onoyama T, Kawata S, et al. Hepatitis B and C virus infection is a risk factor for the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Intern Med. 2014;53(7):651–654.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee TY, Lee SS, Jung SW, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Korea: a case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jul;103(7):1716–1720.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto S, Kubo S, Hai S, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection as a likely etiology of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2004 Jul;95(7):592–595.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donato F, Gelatti U, Tagger A, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatitis C and B virus infection, alcohol intake, and hepatolithiasis: a case-control study in Italy. Cancer Causes Control. 2001 Dec;12(10):959–964.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Saitoh S, et al. Incidence of primary cholangiocellular carcinoma of the liver in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Cancer. 2000 Jun 1;88(11):2471–2477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto E, Tokushige K. Prevalence, gender, ethnic variations, and prognosis of NASH. J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;46(Suppl 1):63–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grainge MJ, West J, Solaymani-Dodaran M, et al. The antecedents of biliary cancer: a primary care case-control study in the United Kingdom. Br J Cancer. 2009 Jan 13;100(1):178–180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reddy SK, Hyder O, Marsh JW, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2013 Apr;17(4):748–755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yubin L, Chihua F, Zhixiang J, et al. Surgical management and prognostic factors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: experience with 115 cases in China. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Aug;15(8):2113–2119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo S, Kinoshita M, Takemura S, et al. Characteristics of printing company workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2014 Nov;21(11):809–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burr NE, Talboys RJ, Savva S, et al. Aspirin may prevent cholangiocarcinoma: a case-control study from the United kingdom. Dig Dis Sci. 2014 Jul;59(7):1567–1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansour JC, Aloia TA, Crane CH, et al. Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford). 2015 Aug;17(8):691–699.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber SM, Ribero D, O’Reilly EM, et al. Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford). 2015 Aug;17(8):669–680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deoliveira ML, Schulick RD, Nimura Y, et al. New staging system and a registry for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2011 Apr;53(4):1363–1371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakanuma Y, Kakuda Y. Pathologic classification of cholangiocarcinoma: new concepts. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr;29(2):277–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiteerakij R, Harmsen WS, Marrero CR, et al. A new clinically based staging system for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec;109(12):1881–1890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burke EC, Jarnagin WR, Hochwald SN, et al. Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: patterns of spread, the importance of hepatic resection for curative operation, and a presurgical clinical staging system. Ann Surg. 1998 Sep;228(3):385–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding G, Yang Y, Cao L, et al. A modified Jarnagin-Blumgart classification better predicts survival for resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg Oncol. 2015 Mar 11;13:99,015-0526-5.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuo K, Rocha FG, Ito K, et al. The Blumgart preoperative staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of resectability and outcomes in 380 patients. J Am Coll Surg. 2012 Sep;215(3):343–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakeeb A, Pitt HA, Sohn TA, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma. A spectrum of intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal tumors. Ann Surg. 1996 Oct;224(4):463,73. discussion 473-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffman SC, Reuter NP, McMasters KM, et al. Overall survival peri-hilar cholangiocarcinoma: R1 resection with curative intent compared to primary endoscopic therapy. J Surg Oncol. 2012 Jan;105(1):91–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong MC, Nathan H, Sotiropoulos GC, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an international multi-institutional analysis of prognostic factors and lymph node assessment. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Aug 10;29(23):3140–3145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeOliveira ML, Cunningham SC, Cameron JL, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: thirty-one-year experience with 564 patients at a single institution. Ann Surg. 2007 May;245(5):755–762.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kambakamba P, Linecker M, Slankamenac K, et al. Lymph node dissection in resectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. Am J Surg. 2015 Oct;210(4):694–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baton O, Azoulay D, Adam DV, et al. Major hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma type 3 and 4: prognostic factors and longterm outcomes. J Am Coll Surg. 2007 Feb;204(2):250–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuzzo G, Giuliante F, Ardito F, et al. Improvement in perioperative and long-term outcome after surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: results of an Italian multicenter analysis of 440 patients. Arch Surg. 2012 Jan;147(1):26–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoffmann K, Luible S, Goeppert B, et al. Impact of portal vein resection on oncologic long-term outcome in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery. 2015 Nov;158(5):1252–1260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMasters KM, Tuttle TM, Leach SD, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 1997 Dec;174(6):605,8. discussion 608-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran TB, Bal CK, Schaberg K, et al. Locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by left hepatic trisectionectomy and caudate lobectomy. Dig Dis Sci. 2015 Nov;60(11):3226–3229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker EJ, Simko JP, Nakakura EK, et al. A patient with cholangiocarcinoma demonstrating pathologic complete response to chemotherapy: exploring the role of neoadjuvant therapy in biliary tract cancer. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2014 Dec;5(6):E88-E95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kato A, Shimizu H, Ohtsuka M, et al. Surgical resection after downsizing chemotherapy for initially unresectable locally advanced biliary tract cancer: a retrospective single-center study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Jan;20(1):318–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kato A, Shimizu H, Ohtsuka M, et al. Downsizing chemotherapy for initially unresectable locally advanced biliary tract cancer patients treated with gemcitabine plus cisplatin combination therapy followed by radical surgery. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Aug 4. [E-pub Ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• Glazer ES, Liu P, Abdalla EK, et al. Neither neoadjuvant nor adjuvant therapy increases survival after biliary tract cancer resection with wide negative margins. J Gastrointest Surg. 2012 Sep;16(9):1666–1671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grendar J, Grendarova P, Sinha R, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy for downstaging of locally advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. HPB (Oxford). 2014 Apr;16(4):297–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darwish Murad S, Kim WR, Harnois DM, et al. Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, followed by liver transplantation, for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma at 12 US centers. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jul;143(1):88,98.e3. quiz e14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duignan S, Maguire D, Ravichand CS, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by liver transplantation for unresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a single-centre national experience. HPB (Oxford). 2014 Jan;16(1):91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonet Beltran M, Roth AD, Mentha G, et al. Adjuvant radio-chemotherapy for extrahepatic biliary tract cancers. BMC Cancer. 2011 Jun 24;11:267,2407-11-267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell M, Valle JW. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cholangiocarcinoma. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2015 Apr;29(2):333–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinohara ET, Guo M, Mitra N, et al. Brachytherapy in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Nov 1;78(3):722–728.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hezel AF, Zhu AX. Systemic therapy for biliary tract cancers. Oncologist. 2008 Apr;13(4):415–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hezel AF, Noel MS, Allen JN, et al. Phase II study of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin in combination with panitumumab in KRAS wild-type unresectable or metastatic biliary tract and gallbladder cancer. Br J Cancer. 2014 Jul 29;111(3):430–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami Y, Uemura K, Sudo T, et al. Adjuvant gemcitabine plus S-1 chemotherapy improves survival after aggressive surgical resection for advanced biliary carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2009 Dec;250(6):950–956.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami Y, Uemura K, Sudo T, et al. Gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival after aggressive surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009 Aug;13(8):1470–1479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takada T, Amano H, Yasuda H, et al. Is postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy useful for gallbladder carcinoma? A phase III multicenter prospective randomized controlled trial in patients with resected pancreaticobiliary carcinoma. Cancer. 2002 Oct 15;95(8):1685–1695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Josef E, Guthrie KA, El-Khoueiry AB, et al. SWOG S0809: A phase ii intergroup trial of adjuvant capecitabine and gemcitabine followed by radiotherapy and concurrent capecitabine in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug;33(24):2617–2622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spolverato G, Kim Y, Alexandrescu S, et al. Management and outcomes of patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following previous curative-intent surgical resection. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Jun 10 [E-pub ahead of print].
   Google Scholar
• Eckel F, Schmid RM. Chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: a pooled analysis of clinical trials. Br J Cancer. 2007 Mar 26;96(6):896–902.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckel F, Schmid RM. Chemotherapy and targeted therapy in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: a pooled analysis of clinical trials. Chemotherapy. 2014;60(1):13–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yonemoto N, Furuse J, Okusaka T, et al. A multi-center retrospective analysis of survival benefits of chemotherapy for unresectable biliary tract cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2007 Nov;37(11):843–851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, et al. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 8;362(14):1273–1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okusaka T, Nakachi K, Fukutomi A, et al. Gemcitabine alone or in combination with cisplatin in patients with biliary tract cancer: a comparative multicentre study in Japan. Br J Cancer. 2010 Aug 10;103(4):469–474.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valle JW, Wasan H, Lopes A, et al. Cediranib or placebo in combination with cisplatin and gemcitabine chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (ABC-03): a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Aug;16(8):967–978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cereda S, Passoni P, Reni M, et al. The cisplatin, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine (PEFG) regimen in advanced biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 2010 May 1;116(9):2208–2214.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhards MF, Gonzalez DG, ten Hoopen-Neumann H, et al. Prevention of implantation metastases after resection of proximal bile duct tumours with pre-operative low dose radiation therapy. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2000 Aug;26(5):480–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson JW, Ghafoori AP, Willett CG, et al. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009 Jan 1;73(1):148–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghafoori AP, Nelson JW, Willett CG, et al. Radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Nov 1;81(3):654–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitt HA, Nakeeb A, Abrams RA, et al. Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Postoperative radiotherapy does not improve survival. Ann Surg. 1995 Jun;221(6):788,97. discussion 797-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cameron JL, Pitt HA, Zinner MJ, et al. Management of proximal cholangiocarcinomas by surgical resection and radiotherapy. Am J Surg. 1990 Jan;159(1):91,7. discussion 97-8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlotecki RA, Jung LA, Vauthey JN, et al. Carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tract: surgery and radiotherapy for curative and palliative intent. Radiat Oncol Investig. 1998;6(5):240–247.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sagawa N, Kondo S, Morikawa T, et al. Effectiveness of radiation therapy after surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Today. 2005;35(7):548–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Todoroki T, Ohara K, Kawamoto T, et al. Benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy after radical resection of locally advanced main hepatic duct carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Feb 1;46(3):581–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng Q, Luo X, Zhang B, et al. Predictive factors for prognosis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma: postresection radiotherapy improves survival. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007 Mar;33(2):202–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhards MF, Van Gulik TM, Gonzalez Gonzalez D, et al. Results of postoperative radiotherapy for resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg. 2003 Feb;27(2):173–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Momm F, Schubert E, Henne K, et al. Stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy for Klatskin tumours. Radiother Oncol. 2010 Apr;95(1):99–102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohnishi H, Asada M, Shichijo Y, et al. External radiotherapy for biliary decompression of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology. 1995 Jul;42(3):265–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuvshinoff BW, Armstrong JG, Fong Y, et al. Palliation of irresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma with biliary drainage and radiotherapy. Br J Surg. 1995 Nov;82(11):1522–1525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vern-Gross TZ, Shivnani AT, Chen K, et al. Survival outcomes in resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: effect of adjuvant radiotherapy in a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Sep 1;81(1):189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortner ME, Caca K, Berr F, et al. Successful photodynamic therapy for nonresectable cholangiocarcinoma: a randomized prospective study. Gastroenterology. 2003 Nov;125(5):1355–1363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner A, Denzer UW, Neureiter D, et al. Temoporfin improves efficacy of photodynamic therapy in advanced biliary tract carcinoma: amulticenter prospective phase II study. Hepatology. 2015 Nov;62(5):1456–1465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiedmann M, Berr F, Schiefke I, et al. Photodynamic therapy in patients with non-resectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma: 5-year follow-up of a prospective phase II study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2004 Jul;60(1):68–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiedmann M, Caca K, Berr F, et al. Neoadjuvant photodynamic therapy as a new approach to treating hilar cholangiocarcinoma: a phase II pilot study. Cancer. 2003 Jun 1;97(11):2783–2790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boehm LM, Jayakrishnan TT, Miura JT, et al. Comparative effectiveness of hepatic artery based therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2015 Feb;111(2):213–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L, Shan J, Shan L, et al. Trans-arterial embolisation therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2015 Oct;6(5):570–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyder O, Marsh JW, Salem R, et al. Intra-arterial therapy for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Nov;20(12):3779–3786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rayar M, Sulpice L, Edeline J, et al. Intra-arterial yttrium-90 radioembolization combined with systemic chemotherapy is a promising method for downstaging unresectable huge intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma to surgical treatment. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015 Sep;22(9):3102–3108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arora DS, Ramsdale J, Lodge JP, et al. P53 but not Bcl-2 is expressed by most cholangiocarcinomas: a study of 28 cases. Histopathology. 1999 Jun;34(6):497–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boberg KM, Schrumpf E, Bergquist A, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis: K-ras mutations and Tp53 dysfunction are implicated in the neoplastic development. J Hepatol. 2000 Mar;32(3):374–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturm PD, Baas IO, Clement MJ, et al. Alterations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene and K-ras oncogene in perihilar cholangiocarcinomas from a high-incidence area. Int J Cancer. 1998 Dec 9;78(6):695–698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borger DR, Tanabe KK, Fan KC, et al. Frequent mutation of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)1 and IDH2 in cholangiocarcinoma identified through broad-based tumor genotyping. Oncologist. 2012;17(1):72–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross J, Wang K, Catenacci D, et al. Comprehensive genomic profiling of biliary tract cancers to reveal tumor-specific differences and genomic alterations. J Clinical Oncology. 2015;33(suppl 3): 231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sia D, Hoshida Y, Villanueva A, et al. Integrative molecular analysis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma reveals 2 classes that have different outcomes. Gastroenterology. 2013 Apr;144(4):829–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abe T, Amano H, Shimamoto F, et al. Prognostic evaluation of mucin-5AC expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, mass-forming type, following hepatectomy. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015 Nov;41(11):1515–1521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamphues C, Al-Abadi N, Bova R, et al. The DNA index as a prognostic tool in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2015 Aug;112(2):214–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andresen K, Boberg KM, Vedeld HM, et al. Novel target genes and a valid biomarker panel identified for cholangiocarcinoma. Epigenetics. 2012 Nov;7(11):1249–1257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andresen K, Boberg KM, Vedeld HM, et al. Four DNA methylation biomarkers in biliary brush samples accurately identify the presence of cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology. 2015 May;61(5):1651–1659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyer C, Sablin MP, Bouattour M, et al. Disease control with sunitinib in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma resistant to gemcitabine-oxaliplatin chemotherapy. World J Hepatol. 2015 Apr 28;7(6):910–915.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andersen JB, Spee B, Blechacz BR, et al. Genomic and genetic characterization of cholangiocarcinoma identifies therapeutic targets for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Gastroenterology. 2012 Apr;142(4):1021,1031.e15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel T. Cholangiocarcinoma. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Jan;3(1):33–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar