The significance of dense sclerophyllous oak forests in the landscapes of northern Israel and their ecological values: An unconventional viewpoint

References

• Hebrard, J.P. 2001. La banque daphique de diaspores de bryophytes de lcosysteme du chne vert au bois dAstros (commune de Vidauban, Var, France). Nova Hedwigia 73: 323337.
   Google Scholar
• Grove, A.T., Rackham, O. 1993. Threatened landscapes in the Mediterranean: examples from Crete. Landscape and Urban Planning 24: 279292.
   Google Scholar
• Hajabassi, M.A., Jalalian, A., Karimzadeh, H.R. 1997. De- forestation effects on soil physical and chemical properties, Lordegan, Iran. Plant and Soil 190: 301308.
   Google Scholar
• Kimmins, J.P. 1997. Forest ecology. Second edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J. p. 596.
   Google Scholar
• Sancho-Comins, J., Bosque-Sendra, J., Moreno-Sanz, F. 1993. Crisis and permanence of the traditional Mediterranean landscape in the central region of Spain. Landscape and Urban Planning 23: 155166.
   Google Scholar
• Kaplan, D. 1993. Biological diversity of Mediterranean landscapes in Israel through the deployment of nature reserves. Landscape and Urban Planning 24: 3942.
   Google Scholar
• Inbar, M., Wittenberg, L., Tamir, M. 1998. Runoff and erosion processes after a forest ?re in Mount Carmel, a Mediterranean area. Geomorphology 24: 1733.
   Google Scholar
• Vallauri, D., Andr, J., Blondel, J. 2002. Deadwood, a vital attribute of old-growth forest biodiversity, a gap in managed forests. Scienti?c report, World Wildlife Fund, Paris, p. 34 (in French, summary in English).
   Google Scholar
• Vos, W. 1993. Recent landscape transformation in the Tuscan Apennines caused by changing land use. Landscape and Urban Planning 24: 6368.
   Google Scholar
• Shea, K., Chesson, P. 2002. Community ecology theory as a framework for biological invasions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17(4): 170176.
   Google Scholar
• Shmida, A. 1981. Mediterranean vegetation in California and Israel: similarities and differences. Israel Journal of Botany 30: 105123.
   Google Scholar
• Schiller, G., Neeman, G., Korol, L. 1997. Post-?re vegetation dynamics in a native Pinus halepensis Mill. Forest on Mt. Carmel. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 45: 297308.
   Google Scholar
• Sharon, R., Degani, G., Warburg, M. 2001. Comparing the soil macro-fauna in two oak-wood forests: does community structure differ under similar ambient conditions? Pedobiologia 45: 355366.
   Google Scholar
• Quzel, P., Mdail, F. 2003. Ecologie et Biogographie des forts du bassin mditerranen. Elsevier, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Rundel, P.W. 1998. Landscape disturbance in Mediterraneantype ecosystems: An overview. In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G., Jakstic, F.M., eds. Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecological studies 136, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 322.
   Google Scholar
• Sadaka, N., Ponge, J.F. 2003. Soil animal communities in Holm oak forests: in?uence of horizon, altitude and year. European Journal of Soil Biology 39: 197207.
   Google Scholar
• Ales, R.F., Martin, A., Ortega, F., Ales, E.E. 1992. Recent changes in landscape structure and function in a mediter ranean region of SW Spain (1950 1984). Landscape Ecol ogy 7(1): 3 18.
   Google Scholar
• Alexandrian, D., Esnault, F., Calabri, G. 1999. Forest res the Mediterranean area. Unasylva 50: 35 41.
   Google Scholar
• Barbero, M., Quezel, P. 1988. Lfevolution du couvert forestier dans la region Provence Alpes Cote dfAzur en relation avec la deprise rurale. Actes du V
   Google Scholar
• e colloque de lfA.F.G.P.: 199 212.
   Google Scholar
• Barbero, M., Loisel, R., Quezel, P. 1992. Biogeography, ecology and history of Mediterranean Quercus ilex ecosystems. Vegetatio 99100: 1934.
   Google Scholar
• Barbero, M., Bonin, G., Quezel, P. and disturbances of forest ecosystems caused by human activities in the western part of the mediterranean basin Vegetatio 87: 151 173.
   Google Scholar
• Alpert, P., Bone, E., Holzapfel, C. 2000. Invasiveness, ibility and the role of environmental stress in the spread non-native plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolu tion and Systematics 3(1): 52 66.
   Google Scholar
• Atauri, J.A., de Lucio, J.V. 2001. The role of landscape ture in species richness distribution of birds, amphibians, reptiles and lepidopterans in Mediterranean landscapes. Landscape Ecology 16: 147 159.
   Google Scholar
• Barbero, M., Quezel, P. 1990. La deprise rurale et ses effets les super ciesforestieresdanslaregionProvence-Alpes-Cote dfAzur. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Provence 41: 77 88.
   Google Scholar
• Farina, A. 1998. Bird diversity in a changing landscape (Tuscany, Italy). In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G., Jakstic, F.M., eds. Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecological studies 136, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 349367.
   Google Scholar
• Etienne, M., Aronson, J., Le Floch, E. 1998. Abandoned lands and land use con?icts in Southern France. In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G., Jakstic, F.M., eds. Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecological studies 136, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 127140.
   Google Scholar
• Farina, A. 1991. Recent changes of the mosaic pattern in a montane landscape (North Italy) and consequences on vertebrate fauna. Options MediterranennesSries sminaires 15: 121134.
   Google Scholar
• Emberger, L. 1955. Une classi?cation biogographique des climats. Recherches et Travaux du Laboratoire de Botanique de la Facult des Sciences de Montpellier 7: 343.
   Google Scholar
• Emberger, L. 1971a. Considration complmentaires au sujet des recherches bioclimatologiques et phytogographiquescologiques. In: Emberger, L., ed. Travaux de Botanique et dEcologie. Masson, Paris, pp. 291301.
   Google Scholar
• Debussche, M., Debussche, G., Lepart, J. 2001. Changes in the vegetation of Quercus pubescens woodland after cessation of coppicing and grazing. Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 8192.
   Google Scholar
• Dufour, J.M. 1999. Potentialits et dynamiques vgtales en Mditerrane orientale: La rgion du Carmel, Isral. Thse de Doctorat, Universit de Paris, Sorbonne, Paris IV; p. 551.
   Google Scholar
• Dufour-Dror, J.M., Ertas, A. 2004. Bioclimatic perspectives in the distribution of Quercus ithaburensis Decne. Subspecies in Turkey and in the Levant. Journal of Biogeography 31: 461474.
   Google Scholar
• Blondel, J., Aronson, J. 1999. Biology and Wildlife of the Mediterranean Region. Oxford University Press, p. 328.
   Google Scholar
• Bran, D., Lobreaux, O., Maistre, M., Perret, P., Romane, F. 1990. Germination of Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens in a Quercus ilex coppice: Long-term consequences. Vegetatio 87: 4550.
   Google Scholar
• Daget, P., Ahdali, L., David, P. 1988. Mediterranean bioclimate and its variation in the palaearctic region. In: Specht, R.L., ed. Mediterranean-type ecosystems, a data source book. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 139148.
   Google Scholar
• Debussche, M., Lepart, J., Dervieux, A. 1999. Mediterranean landscape changes: evidence from old postcards. Global Ecology and Biogeography 8: 315.
   Google Scholar
• Dufour-Dror, J.M. 2002. A quantitative classi?cation of Mediterranean mosaic-like landscapes. Journal of Mediterranean Ecology 3(2/3): 312.
   Google Scholar
• Emberger, L. 1971b. Travaux de botanique et decologie. Masson, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Ne'eman, G., Lahav, H., Izhaki, I. 1992. Spatial pattern of seedlings 1 year after ?re in a Mediterranean pine forest. cologia 91: 365370.
   Google Scholar
• Naveh, Z., Kutiel, P. 1990. Changes in the mediterranean vegetation of Israel in response to human habitation and land use. In: Woodwell, G.M., ed. Earth in transition: Patterns and processes of biotic impoverishment, Cambridge University Press, pp. 259300.
   Google Scholar
• Naveh, Z., Whittaker, R.H. 1979. Structural and ?oristic diversity of shrublands and woodlands in northern Israel and other Mediterranean areas. Vegetatio 41(3): 171190.
   Google Scholar
• Naveh, Z. 1993. Red books for threatened Mediterranean landscapes as an innovative tool for holistic landscape conservation. Introduction to the western Crete Red Book case study. Landscape and Urban Planning 24: 241247.
   Google Scholar
• Naveh, Z. 1998. From biodiversity to ecodiversityHolistic conservation of the biological and cultural diversity of Mediterranean landscapes. In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G., Jakstic, F.M., eds. Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterranean-type ecosystems, Ecological studies 136, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp.127140.
   Google Scholar
• Naveh, Z. 1999. The role of ?re as an evolutionary and ecological factor on the landscape and vegetation of Mt. Carmel. Journal of Mediterranian Ecology 1: 1125.
   Google Scholar
• Le Hourou, H.N. 1987. Vegetation wild?res in the mediterranean basin: evolution and trends. Ecologia Medirerranea 13(4): 1324.
   Google Scholar
• Mandelik, Y., Dayan, T., Feitelson, E. 2005 Issues and dilemmas in ecological scoping: scienti?c, procedural and economic perspectives. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 23(1): 5563.
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, J.M. 1998. Large forest ?res. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden.
   Google Scholar
• Moreno, J.M., Vazquez, A., Velez, R. 1998. Recent history of forest ?res in Spain. In: Moreno, J.M., ed. Large forest ?res. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 159185.
   Google Scholar
• Naveh, Z., Lieberman, A. 1994. Landscape ecology theory and application. 2nd Ed., Springer-Verlag, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Perevolotsky, A., Seligman, N. 1998. Role of grazing in mediterranean rangeland ecosystems. Bioscience 48(12): 10071017.
   Google Scholar
• Perevolotsky, A., Dolev, A. 2002. Endangered species in Israel. Red list of threatened animals: vertebrates. The Nature and Parks Authority and the Society for the Preservation of Nature, Jerusalem (in Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Papanastasis, V.P., Kazakli, A. 1998. Land use changes and con?icts in the Mediterranean-type ecosystems of Western Crete. In: Rundel, P.W., Montenegro, G., Jakstic, F.M., eds. Landscape disturbance and biodiversity in Mediterraneantype ecosystems. Ecological studies 136, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp.142154.
   Google Scholar
• Kppen, W. 1931. Grundriss der Klimakunde. Gruyter & Co., Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Gallego-Fernandez, J.B., Garcia-Mora, M.R., Garcia-Novo, F. 2004. Vegetation dynamics of Mediterranean shrublands in former cultural landscape at Grazalema Mountains, South Spain. Plant Ecology 172(1): 8394.
   Google Scholar
• Preiss, E., Martin, J.L., Debussche, M. 1997. Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: Consequences to the breeding avifauna. Journal of Landscape Ecology 12(1): 5161.
   Google Scholar