High pigment tomato mutants—more than just lycopene (a review)

References

• Beyer, P., Al-Babili, S., Ye, X., Lucca, P., Schaub, P., Welsch, R., Potrykus, I. 2002. Golden Rice: introducing the betacarotene biosynthesis pathway into rice endosperm by genetic engineering to defeat vitamin A deficiency. J. Nutr.132: 506S-510S.
   Google Scholar
• Bino, R.J., de Vos, C.H.R., Lieberman, M., Hall, R.D., Bovy, A., Jonker, H.H., Tikunov, Y., Lommen, A., Moco, S., Levin, I. 2005. The light-hyperresponsive high pigment-2dg mutation of tomato: alterations in the fruit metabolome. New Phytologist166: 427-438.
   Google Scholar
• Bovy, A., de Vos, R., Kemper, M., Schijlen, E., Almenar Pertejo, M., Muir, S., Collins, G., Robinson, S., Verhoeyen, M., Hughes, S., Santos-Buelga, C., van Tunen, A. 2002. High-flavonol tomatoes resulting from the heterologous expression of the maize transcription factor genes LC and C1. Plant Cell14: 2509-2526.
   Google Scholar
• Britton, G. 1995. Structure and properties of carotenoids in relation to function. FASEB J.9: 1551-1558.
   Google Scholar
• Chew, B.P., Park, J.S. 2004. Carotenoid action on the immune response. J. Nutr.134: 257S-261S.
   Google Scholar
• Chory, J. 1993. Out of darkness: mutants reveal pathways controlling light-regulated development in plants. Trends Genet.9: 167-172.
   Google Scholar
• Connolly, J.D., Hill, R.A. 1992. Dictionary of terpenoids. Chapman and Hall, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Davies, J.N., Hobson, G.E. 1981. The constituents of tomato fruit—the influence of environment, nutrition, and genotype. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr.15: 205-280.
   Google Scholar
• Davuluri, G.R., van Tuinen, A., Mustilli, A.C., Manfredonia, A., Newman, R., Burgess, D., Brummell, D.A., King, S.R., Palys, J., Uhlig, J., Pennings, H.M., Bowler, C. 2004. Manipulation of DET1 expression in tomato results in photomorphogenic phenotypes caused by post-transcriptional gene silencing. Plant J.40: 344-354.
   Google Scholar
• Davuluri, G.R., van Tuinen, A., Fraser, P.D., Manfredonia, A., Newman, R., Burgess, D., Brummell, D.A., King, S.R., Palys, J., Uhlig, J., Bramley, P.M., Pennings, H.M., Bowler, C. 2005. Fruit-specific RNAi-mediated suppression of DET1 enhances carotenoid and flavonoid content in tomatoes. Nat. Biotechnol.23: 825-826.
   Google Scholar
• Dharmapuri, S., Rosati, C., Pallara, P., Aquilani, R., Bouvier, F., Camara, B., Giuliano, G. 2002. Metabolic engineering of xanthophyll content in tomato fruits. FEBS Lett.519: 30-34.
   Google Scholar
• Dooner, H.K., Robbins, T.P., Jorgensen, R.A. 1991. Genetic and developmental control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Genet.25: 173-199.
   Google Scholar
• Duarte, J., Perez-Palencia, R., Vargas, F., Ocete, M.A., Perez-Vizcaino, F., Zarzuelo, A., Tamargo, J. 2001. Antihypertensive effects of the flavonoid quercetin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Br. J. Pharmacol.133: 117-124.
   Google Scholar
• Enfissi, E.M.A., Fraser, P.D., Lois, L-M., Boronat, A., Schuch, W., Bramley, P.M. 2005. Metabolic engineering of the mevalonate and non-mevalonate isopentenyl diphosphateforming pathways for the production of health-promoting isoprenoids in tomato. Plant Biotechnol. J.3: 17-27.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, P.D., Bramley, P.M. 2004. The biosynthesis and nutritional uses of carotenoids. Prog. Lipid Res.43: 228-265.
   Google Scholar
• Fraser, P.D., Romer, S., Shipton, C.A., Mills, P.B., Kiano, J.W., Misawa, N., Drake, R.G., Schuch, W., Bramley, P.M. 2002. Evaluation of transgenic tomato plants expressing an additional phytoene synthase in a fruit-specific manner. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99: 1092-1097.
   Google Scholar
• Fray, R.G., Wallace, A., Fraser, P.D., Valero, D., Hedden, P., Bramley, P.M., Grierson, D. 1995. Constitutive expression of a fruit phytoene synthase gene in transgenic tomatoes causes dwarfism by redirecting metabolites from the gibberellin pathway. Plant J.8: 693-701.
   Google Scholar
• Fuhrman, B., Volkova, N., Rosenblat, M., Aviram, M. 2000. Lycopene synergistically inhibits LDL oxidation in combination with vitamin E, glabridin, rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, or garlic. Antioxid. Redox Signal.2: 491-506.
   Google Scholar
• Galili, G., Galili, S., Lewinsohn, E., Tadmor, Y. 2002. Genetic, molecular, and genomic approaches to improve the value of plant foods and feeds. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci.21(3): 167-204.
   Google Scholar
• Giliberto, L., Perrotta, G., Pallara, P., Weller, J.L., Fraser, P.D., Bramley, P.M., Fiore, A., Tavazza, M., Giuliano, G. 2005. Manipulation of the blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 2 in tomato affects vegetative development, flowering time, and fruit antioxidant content. Plant Physiol.137: 199-208.
   Google Scholar
• Harborne, J.B. 1986. Nature, distribution and function of plant flavonoids. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res.213: 15-24.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, E.J. 2002. The role of carotenoids in human health. Nutr. Clin. Care5: 56-65.
   Google Scholar
• Kawaii, S., Tomono, Y., Katase, E., Ogawa, K., Yano, M. 1999. Antiproliferative activity of flavonoids on several cancer cell lines. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.63: 896-899.
   Google Scholar
• Kerckhoffs, L.H.J., Kendrick, RE. 1997. Photocontrol of anthocyanin biosynthesis in tomato. J. Plant Res.110: 141-149.
   Google Scholar
• Key, T.J., Schatzkin, A., Willett, W.C., Allen, N.E., Spencer, E.A., Travis, R.C. 2004. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of cancer. Public Health Nutr.7: 187-200.
   Google Scholar
• Khachik, F., Carvalho, L., Bernstein, P.S., Muir, G.J., Zhao, D.Y., Katz, N.B. 2002. Chemistry, distribution, and metabolism of tomato carotenoids and their impact on human health. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 227: 845-851.
   Google Scholar
• Konsler, T.R. 1973. Three mutants appearing in ‘Manapal’ tomato. Hortic. Sci.8: 331-333.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer, C.Y. 1956. Extension of multiple range tests to group means with unequal number of replications. Biometrics12: 309-310.
   Google Scholar
• Levin, I., Frankel, P., Gilboa, N., Tanny, S., Lalazar, A. 2003. The tomato dark green mutation is a novel allele of the tomato homolog of the DEETIOLATED1 gene. Theor. Appl. Genet.106: 454-460.
   Google Scholar
• Levin, I., Lalazar, A., Bar, M., Schaffer, A.A. 2004. Non-GMO fruit factories: strategies for modulating metabolic pathways in the tomato fruit. Ind. Crops Products20: 29-36.
   Google Scholar
• Lieberman, M., Segev, O., Gilboa, N., Lalazar, A., Levin, I. 2004. The tomato homolog of the gene encoding UV-damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) underlined as the gene that causes the high pigment-1 mutant phenotype. Theor. Appl. Genet.108: 1574-1581.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., Roof, S., Ye, Z., Barry, C., van Tuinen, A., Vrebalov, J., Bowler, C., Giovannoni, J. 2004. Manipulation of light signal transduction as a means of modifying fruit nutritional quality in tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 9897-9902.
   Google Scholar
• Mayne, S.T. 1996. Beta-carotene, carotenoids, and disease prevention in humans. FASEB J.10: 690-701.
   Google Scholar
• Mehta, R.A., Cassol, T., Li, N., Ali, N., Handa, A.K., Mattoo, A.K. 2002. Engineered polyamine accumulation in tomato enhances phytonutrient content, juice quality, and vine life. Nat. Biotechnol.20: 613-618.
   Google Scholar
• Mochizuki, T., Kamimura, S. 1984. Inheritance of vitamin C content and its relation to other characters in crossess between hp and og varieties of tomatoes. In: Synopsis of the 9th meeting of the Eucarpia Tomato Working Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands, 22-24 May 1984, pp. 8-13.
   Google Scholar
• Muir, S.R., Collins, G.J., Robinson, S., Hughes, S., Bovy, A., Ric de Vos, C.H., van Tunen, A.J., Verhoeyen, M.E. 2001. Overexpression of petunia chalcone isomerase in tomato results in fruit containing increased levels of flavonols. Nat. Biotechnol.19: 470-474.
   Google Scholar
• Mustilli, A.C., Fenzi, F., Ciliento, R., Alfano, F., Bowler, C. 1999. Phenotype of the tomato high pigment-2 mutant is caused by a mutation in the tomato homolog of DEETIOLATED1.Plant Cell11: 145-157.
   Google Scholar
• Ninu, L., Ahmad, M., Miarelli, C., Cashmore, A.R., Giuliano, G. 1999. Cryptochrome 1 controls tomato development in response to blue light. Plant J.18: 551-556.
   Google Scholar
• Ogata, S., Miyake, Y., Yamamoto, K., Okumura, K., Taguchi, H. 2000. Apoptosis induced by the flavonoid from lemon fruit (Citrus limon BURM. f.) and its metabolites in HL-60 cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.64: 1075-1078.
   Google Scholar
• Olthof, M.R., Hollman, P.C., Vree, T.B., Katan, M.B. 2000. Bioavailabilities of quercetin-3-glucoside and quercetin-4'-glucoside do not differ in humans. J. Nutr.130: 1200-1203.
   Google Scholar
• Parr, A.J., Bolwell, G.P. 2000. Phenols in the plant and in man. The potential for possible nutritional enhancement of the diet by modifying the phenols content or profile. J. Sci. Food Agric.80: 985-1012.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, J.L., van Tuinen, A., Adamse, P., Kendrick, R.E., Koornneef, M. 1989. High pigment mutants of tomato exhibit high sensitivity for phytochrome action. J. Plant Physiol.134: 661-666.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, A.V. 2002. Lycopene, tomatoes, and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 227: 908-913.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, A.V., Agarwal, S. 1998. Bioavailability and in vivo antioxidant properties of lycopene from tomato products and their possible role in the prevention of cancer. Nutr. Cancer31: 199-203.
   Google Scholar
• Rao, A.V., Balachandran, B. 2002. Role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutr. Neurosci.5: 291-309.
   Google Scholar
• Reynard, G.B. 1956. Origin of Webb Special (Black Queen) in tomato. Rep. Tomato Genet. Coop.40: 44-64.
   Google Scholar
• Riboli, E., Norat, T. 2003. Epidemiologic evidence of the protective effect of fruit and vegetables on cancer risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.78: 559S-569S.
   Google Scholar
• Romer, S., Fraser, P.D., Kiano, J.W., Shipton, C.A., Misawa, N., Schuch, W., Bramley, P.M. 2000. Elevation of the provitamin A content of transgenic tomato plants. Nat. Biotechnol.18: 666-669.
   Google Scholar
• Ronen, G., Carmel-Goren, L., Zamir, D., Hirschberg, J. 2000. An alternative pathway to beta-carotene formation in plant chromoplasts discovered by map-based cloning of beta and old-gold color mutations in tomato. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 11102-11107.
   Google Scholar
• Rosati, C., Aquilani, R., Dharmapuri, S., Pallara, P., Marusic, C., Tavazza, R., Bouvier, F., Camara, B., Giuliano, G. 2000. Metabolic engineering of beta-carotene and lycopene content in tomato fruit. Plant J.24: 413-419.
   Google Scholar
• Schijlen, E.G., de Vos, R.C.H, van Tunen, A.J., Bovy, A.G. 2004. Modification of flavonoid biosynthesis in crop plants. Phytochemistry65: 2631-2648.
   Google Scholar
• Schroeder, D.F., Gahrtz, M., Maxwell, B.B., Cook, R.K., Kan, J.M., Alonso, J.M., Ecker, J.R., Chory, J. 2002. Deetiolated 1 and damaged DNA binding protein 1 interact to regulate Arabidopsis photomorphogenesis. Curr. Biol.12: 1462-1472.
   Google Scholar
• Sies, H., Stahl, W. 2003. Non-nutritive bioactive constituents of plants: lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res.73: 95-100.
   Google Scholar
• Soressi, G.P. 1975. New spontaneous or chemically-induced fruit ripening tomato mutants. Rep. Tomato Genet. Coop.25: 21-22.
   Google Scholar
• Srinath Reddy, K., Katan, M.B. 2004. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Public Health Nutr.7: 167-186.
   Google Scholar
• Stevens, M.A., Rick, C.M. 1986. Genetics and breeding. In: Atherton, J.G., Rudich, J., eds. The tomato crop. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 87-90.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, A.J., Bozonnet, S., Mullen, W., Jenkins, G.I., Lean, M.E., Crozier, A. 2000. Occurrence of flavonols in tomatoes and tomato-based products. J. Agric. Food Chem.48: 2663-2669.
   Google Scholar
• van Tuinen, A., Cordonnier-Prat, M-M., Pratt, L.H., Verkerk, R., Zabel, P., Koornneef, M. 1997. The mapping of phytochrome genes and photomorphogenic mutants of tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet.94: 115-122.
   Google Scholar
• Verhoeyen, M.E., Bovy, A., Collins, G., Muir, S., Robinson, S., de Vos, C.H., Colliver, S. 2002. Increasing antioxidant levels in tomatoes through modification of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. J. Exp. Bot.53: 2099-2106.
   Google Scholar
• Wann, E.V. 1997. Tomato germplasm lines T4065, T4099, T5019, and T5020 with unique genotypes that enhance fruit quality. Hortic. Sci.32: 747-748.
   Google Scholar
• Wann, E.V., Jourdain, E.L., Pressey, R., Lyon, B.G. 1985. Effect of mutant genotypes hp ogc and dg ogc on tomato fruit quality. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci.110: 212-215.
   Google Scholar
• Willcox, J.K., Catignani, G.L., Lazarus, S. 2003. Tomatoes and cardiovascular health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr.43: 1-18.
   Google Scholar
• Willits, M.G., Kramer, C.M., Prata, R.T., De Luca, V., Potter, B.G., Steffens, J.C., Graser, G. 2005. Utilization of the genetic resources of wild species to create a nontransgenic high flavonoid tomato. J. Agric. Food Chem.53: 1231-1236.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, K., Erdman, J.W., Jr., Schwartz, S.J., Platz, E.A., Leitzmann, M., Clinton, S.K., DeGroff, V., Willett, W.C., Giovannucci, E. 2004. Plasma and dietary carotenoids, and the risk of prostate cancer: a nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.13: 260-269.
   Google Scholar
• Yen, H.C., Shelton, B.A., Howard, L.R., Vrebalov, S.L.J., Giovanonni, J.J. 1997. The tomato high-pigment (hp) locus maps to chromosome 2 and influences plastome copy number and fruit quality. Theor. Appl. Genet.95: 1069-1079.
   Google Scholar
• Zava, D.T., Duwe, G. 1997. Estrogenic and antiproliferative properties of genistein and other flavonoids in human breast cancer cells in vitro. Nutr. Cancer27: 31-40.
   Google Scholar