Modeling the Effects of Poststocking Survival Rates on the Success of Stocking Hatchery Atlantic Salmon in a New Brunswick River

References

• Anonymous . 1978 . Biological Conservation Subcommittee report of the Atlantic Salmon Review , Halifax, Nova Scotia : Department of Fisheries and Oceans .
   Google Scholar
• Anthony , V. C. 1994 . The significance of predation on Atlantic salmon 240 – 284 . in Calabi and Stout (1994)
   Google Scholar
• Baker , R. W. 1994 . Atlantic salmon rebuilding on the Nepisiguit River 213 – 220 . in Calabi and Stout (1994)
   Google Scholar
• Bakshtansky , S. L. , Nesterov , V. D. and Nekludov , W. N. 1983 . Peculiarities of the behaviour of hatchery Atlantic salmon downstream migrants (Salmo salar) after release into the natural environment , C. M. 1983/M:3 Copenhagen : International Council for the Exploration of the Sea .
   Google Scholar
• Baum , E. T. 1983 . The Penobscot River: an Atlantic salmon river management report , Bangor, Maine : Atlantic Sea Run Salmon Commission .
   Google Scholar
• Calabi , S. and Stout , A. A hard look at some tough issues. Proceedings of the New England Atlantic salmon management conference . Silver Quill Book, Camden, Maine : New England Salmon Association . editors
   Google Scholar
• Carlin , B. 1967 . Salmon tagging experiments. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Translation Series 951. (Translated from Swedish. Swedish Salmon Research Institute (1965), Report LFI Medd. 1/1965.)
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick , E. M. P. Relationship between Atlantic salmon smolts and adults in Canadian rivers. Atlantic salmon: planning for the future. Proceedings of the 3rd International Atlantic Salmon Symposium . Edited by: Mills , D. and Piggins , D. pp. 301 – 324 . Portland, Oregon : Timber Press .
   Google Scholar
• Côté , Y. and Pomerleau , C. 1985 . Survie et dispersion d'alevins de saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) ensemencés en milieu naturel . Naturaliste canadien , 112 : 549 – 558 .
   Google Scholar
• Crozier , W. W. and Kennedy , G. J. A. 1993 . “ Marine survival of wild and hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from the River Bush, Northern Ireland. ” . In Salmon in the sea, and new enhancement strategies , Edited by: Mills , D. 139 – 162 . Hartnolls, Bodmin, UK : Atlantic Salmon Foundation .
   Google Scholar
• Dickson , T. A. and McCrimmon , H. R. 1982 . Influence of hatchery experience on growth and behavior of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) within allopatric and sympatric stream populations . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 39 : 1453 – 1458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egglishaw , H. J. and Shackley , P. E. 1973 . An experiment on faster growth of salmon (Salmo salar L.) in a Scottish stream . Journal of Fish Biology , 5 : 197 – 204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egglishaw , H. J. and Shackley , P. E. 1980 . Survival and growth of salmon, Salmo salar (L.), planted in a Scottish stream . Journal of Fish Biology , 16 : 565 – 584 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elson , P. F. 1957a . Using hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon to best advantage . Canadian Fish Culturist , 21 : 7 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Elson , P. F. 1957b . Number of salmon needed to maintain stocks . Canadian Fish Culturist , 21 : 19 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Elson , P. F. 1975 . Atlantic salmon rivers, smolt production and optimal spawning: an overview of natural production . International Atlantic Salmon Foundation Special Publication Series , 6 : 96 – 119 .
   Google Scholar
• Fenderson , O. C. , Everhart , W. H. and Muth , K. M. 1968 . Comparative agonistic and feeding behavior of hatchery-reared and wild salmon in aquaria . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 25 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafson-Marjanen , K. I. and Moring , J. R. 1984 . Construction of artificial redds for evaluating survival of Atlantic salmon eggs and alevins . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 4 : 455 – 461 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , G. S. 1973 . Rearing smolts in mountain lakes to supplement salmon stocks . International Atlantic Salmon Foundation Special Publication Series , 4 : 237 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Harvie , C. J. and Amiro , P. G. 1996 . Indices of marine habitat for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trends in survival of hatchery-origin smolts , Atlantic Fisheries Research Document 96/140 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia : Department of Fisheries and Oceans .
   Google Scholar
• Havey , K. A. and Davis , R. M. 1970 . Factors influencing standing crops and survival of juvenile salmon at Barrows Stream, Maine . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 99 : 297 – 311 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heppell , S. S. , Crowder , L. B. and Crouse , D. T. 1996 . Models to evaluate headstarting as a management tool for long-lived turtles . Ecological Applications , 6 : 556 – 565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ísaksson , A. 1979 . “ Salmon ranching in Iceland. ” . In Salmon ranching , Edited by: Thorpe , J. E. 131 – 156 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Jessop , B. M. 1984 . Relationships between egg deposition, survival and the production of 0+ salmon parr in Maritime rivers , Research Document 84/86 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia : Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee .
   Google Scholar
• Jessop , B. M. 1986 . Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of the Big Salmon River, New Brunswick Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1415
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , J. H. , McKeon , J. F. and Dropkin , D. S. 1996 . Comparative diets of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon smolts in the Merrimack River . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 16 : 440 – 444 .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , G. J. A. Stock enhancement of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L). Atlantic salmon: planning for the future. Proceedings of the 3rd International Atlantic Salmon Symposium . Edited by: Mills , D. and Piggins , D. pp. 345 – 372 . Portland, Oregon : Timber Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kennedy , G. J. A. and Strange , C. D. 1980 . Population changes after two years of salmon (Salmo salar L.) stocking in upland trout (Salmo trutta L.) streams . Journal of Fish Biology , 17 : 577 – 586 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , G. J. A. and Strange , C. D. 1981 . Comparative survival from salmon (Salmo salar L.) stocking with eyed and green ova in an upland stream . Fisheries Management , 12 : 43 – 48 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , G. J. A. and Strange , C. D. 1986 . The effects of intra- and inter-specific competition on the survival and growth of stocked juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and resident trout, Salmo trutta L., in an upland stream . Journal of Fish Biology , 28 : 479 – 489 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy , G. J. A. , Strange , C. D. , Anderson , R. J. D. and Johnston , P. M. 1984 . Experiments on the descent and feeding of hatchery reared salmon smolts (Salmo salar L.) in the River Bush . Fisheries Management , 15 : 15 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke , A. and Mowbray , F. 1996 . Status of Atlantic salmon in the Nepisiguit River, New Brunswick, in 1995 , Atlantic Fisheries Research Document 96/129 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia : Department of Fisheries and Oceans .
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie , C. and Moring , J. R. 1988 . Estimating survival of Atlantic salmon during the intragravel period . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 8 : 45 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Manly , B. J. F. 1991 . Randomization and Monte Carlo methods in biology , New York : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• McCrimmon , H. R. 1954 . Stream studies on planted Atlantic salmon . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 11 : 362 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• McMenemy , J. R. 1995 . Survival of Atlantic salmon fry stocked at low density in the West River, Vermont . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 15 : 366 – 374 .
   Google Scholar
• Meister , A. L. 1962 . Atlantic salmon production in Cove Brook, Maine . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 91 : 208 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Meyers , T. F. 1994 . The program to restore Atlantic salmon to the Connecticut River 11 – 21 . in Calabi and Stout (1994)
   Google Scholar
• Mills , D. H. 1969 . “ The survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon and brown trout in some Scottish streams. ” . In Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. H. R , Edited by: Northcote , T. G. 217 – 228 . Vancouver : MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries, University of British Columbia .
   Google Scholar
• New Brunswick Commissioner of Fisheries . 1892 . Report of the Commissioner of Fisheries, N B., 1892: The Crown Land Department Report 1892 12 – 13 . (Fredericton, New Brunswick)
   Google Scholar
• Orciari , R. D. , Leonard , G. H. , Mysling , D. J. and Schluntz , E. C. 1994 . Survival, growth, and smolt production of Atlantic salmon stocked as fry in a southern New England stream . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 14 : 588 – 606 .
   Google Scholar
• Österdahl , L. 1969 . “ The smolt run of a small Swedish river. ” . In Symposium on salmon and trout in streams. H. R , Edited by: Northcote , T. G. 205 – 215 . Vancouver : MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries, University of British Columbia .
   Google Scholar
• Pauwels , S. J. and Haines , T. A. 1994 . Survival, hatching, and emergence success of Atlantic salmon eggs planted in three Maine streams . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 14 : 125 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Piggins , D. J. 1979 . “ Salmon ranching in Ireland. ” . In Salmon ranching , Edited by: Thorpe , J. E. 187 – 198 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rideout , S. G. and Stolte , L. W. 1988 . “ Restoration of Atlantic salmon to the Connecticut and Merrimack rivers. ” . In Present and future Atlantic salmon management: measuring progress toward international cooperation. Atlantic Salmon Federation, Marine Recreational Fisheries 12, Ipswich, Massachusetts , Edited by: Stroud , R. H. 67 – 81 . Savannah, Georgia.) : Also National Coalition for Marine Conservation .
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute . 1990 . SAS/STAT user's guide, version 6 , Cary, North Carolina : SAS Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Shearer , W. M. 1961 . Survival rate of young salmonids in streams stocked with ‘green’ ova , C.M. 1961/ 98 Copenhagen : International Council for the Exploration of the Sea .
   Google Scholar
• Shustov , Y. A. , Shchurov , I. L. and Smirnov , Y. 1980 . Adaptation times of hatchery salmon, Salmo salar, to riverine conditions . Journal of Ichthyology , 20 : 156 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Sosiak , A. J. , Randall , R. G. and McKenzie , J. A. 1979 . Feeding by hatchery-reared and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr in streams . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 36 : 1408 – 1412 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stolte , L. W. 1994 . Atlantic salmon restoration in the Merrimack River basin 22 – 35 . in Calabi and Stout (1994)
   Google Scholar
• Symons , P. 1979 . Estimated escapement of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) for maximum smolt production in rivers of different productivity . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 36 : 132 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White , R. J. 1994 . Hatchery versus wild salmon 90 – 115 . in Calabi and Stout (1994)
   Google Scholar