References
- Abdel-Tawwab , M. , Abdel-Rahman , A. and Ismal , N. E. M. 2008 . Evaluation of commercial live bakers' yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a growth and immunity promoter for Fry Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) challenged in situ with Aeromonas hydrophila . Aquaculture , 280 : 185 – 189 .
- Arslanoglu , S. , Moro , G. E. and Boehm , G. 2007 . Early supplementation of prebiotic oligosaccharides protects formula-fed infants against infections during the first 6 months of life . Journal of Nutrition , 137 : 2420 – 2424 .
- Bailey , J. , Blankenship , L. and Cox , N. 1991 . Effect of fructooligosaccharide on Salmonella colonization of the chicken intestine . Poultry Science , 70 : 2433 – 2438 .
- Barton , B. A. 2002 . Stress in fishes: a diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids . Integrative Comparative Biology , 42 : 517 – 525 .
- Beynen , A. C. , Baas , J. C. , Hoekemeijer , P. E. , Kappert , H. J. , Bakker , M. H. , Koopman , J. P. and Lemmens , A. G. 2002 . Faecal bacterial profile, nitrogen excretion and mineral absorption in healthy dogs fed supplemental oligofructose . Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition , 86 : 298 – 305 .
- Bouhnik , Y. , Raskine , L. , Simoneau , G. , Vicaut , E. , Neut , C. , Flourie , B. , Brouns , F. and Bornet , F. R. 2004 . The capacity of nondigestible carbohydrates to stimulate fecal bifidobacteria in healthy humans: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-response relation study . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 80 : 1658 – 1664 .
- Burr , G. 2007 . “ Effects of prebiotics on growth, performance, nutrient utilization, and the gastrointestinal tract microbial community of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) and red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) ” . In Doctoral dissertation College Station : Texas A&M University .
- Burr , G. , Gatlin , D. M. and Ricke , S. 2005 . Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract of fish and the potential application of prebiotics and probiotics in finfish aquaculture . Journal of the World Aquaculture Society , 36 : 425 – 436 .
- Burr , G. , Hume , M. , Neill , W. H. and Gatlin , D. M. 2008a . Effects of prebiotics on nutrient digestibility of a soybean-meal-based diet by red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus) . Aquaculture Research , 39 : 1680 – 1686 .
- Burr , G. , Hume , M. , Ricke , S. , Nisbet , D. and Gatlin , D. M. 2008b . A preliminary in vitro assessment of GroBiotic®-A, brewer's yeast and fructooligosaccharide as prebiotics for the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus . Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B , 43 : 253 – 260 .
- Chen , Y. C. , Nakthong , C. and Chen , T. C. 2005 . Improvement of laying hen performance by dietary prebiotic chicory oligofructose and inulin . International Journal of Poultry Science , 4 : 103 – 108 .
- Chung , C. and Day , D. 2004 . Efficacy of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (ATCC 13146) isomaltooligosaccharides as a poultry prebiotic . Poultry Science , 83 : 1302 – 1306 .
- El-Dakar , A. Y. , Shalaby , S. M. and Saoud , I. P. 2007 . Assessing the use of a dietary probiotic/prebiotic as an enhancer of spinefoot rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus survival and growth . Aquaculture Nutrition , 13 : 407 – 412 .
- Gatlin , D. M. , Li , P. , Wang , X. , Burr , G. S. , Castille , F. and Lawrence , A. L. 2007 . Potential application of prebiotics in aquaculture . Panorama Acuicola , 12 : 10 – 14 .
- Gibson , G. R. , Rastall , R. A. and Roberfroid , M. B. 1999 . “ Prebiotics ” . In Colonic microbiota, nutrition and health Edited by: Gibson , G. R. and Roberfroid , M. B. 101 – 124 . Dordrecht, , The Netherlands : Kluwer .
- Gibson , R. and Roberfroid , M. 1995 . Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics . Journal of Nutrition , 125 : 1401 – 1412 .
- Grieshop , C. M. , Flickinger , E. A. , Bruce , K. J. , Patil , A. R. , Czarnecki-Maulden , G. L. and Fahey , G. C. Jr. 2004 . Gastrointestinal and immunological responses of senior dogs to chicory and mannan-oligosaccharides . Archives of Animal Nutrition , 58 : 483 – 493 .
- Guz , L. and Kozinska , E. 2004 . Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. sobria isolated from farmed carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) . Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy , 48 : 391 – 395 .
- Howard , M. D. , Kerley , M. S. , Sunvold , G. D. and Reinhart , G. A. 2000 . Source of dietary fiber fed to dogs affects nitrogen and energy metabolism and intestinal microflora populations . Nutrition Research , 20 : 1473 – 1484 .
- Hume , M. E. , Kubena , L. F. , Edrington , T. S. , Donskey , C. J. , Moore , R. W. , Ricke , S. C. and Nisbet , D. J. 2003 . Poultry digestive microflora biodiversity as indicated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis . Poultry Science , 82 : 1100 – 1107 .
- Jha , P. , Barat , S. and Nayak , C. R. 2006a . A comparison of growth, survival rate and number of marketable koi carp produced under different management regimes in earthen ponds and concrete tanks . Aquaculture International , 14 : 615 – 626 .
- Jha , P. , Sarkar , K. and Barat , S. 2006b . Comparison of food selection and growth performance of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.) in mono- and polyculture rearing in tropical ponds . Aquaculture Research , 37 : 389 – 397 .
- Li , P. and Gatlin , D. M. 2003 . Evaluation of brewers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a feed supplement for hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) . Aquaculture , 219 : 681 – 692 .
- Li , P. and Gatlin , D. M. 2004 . Dietary brewers yeast and the prebiotic Grobiotic AE influence growth performance, immune responses and resistance of hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) to Streptococcus iniae infection . Aquaculture , 231 : 445 – 456 .
- Li , P. and Gatlin , D. M. 2005 . Evaluation of the prebiotic GroBiotic®-A and brewers yeast as dietary supplements for sub-adult hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) challenged in situ with Mycobacterium marinum . Aquaculture , 248 : 197 – 205 .
- Lochmann , R. T. and Phillips , H. 2002 . “ Baitfish ” . In Nutrient requirements and feeding of finfish for aquaculture Edited by: Webster , C. D. and Lim , C. 402 – 412 . Wallingford, Oxon, , UK : CABI Publishing .
- Lochmann , R. T. , Sink , T. D. and Phillips , H. 2009 . Effects of dietary lipid concentration, a dairy-yeast prebiotic, and fish and nonfish protein sources on growth, survival, and nonspecific immune response of golden shiners in indoor tanks and outdoor pools . North American Journal of Aquaculture , 71 : 16 – 23 .
- Macfarlane , G. T. , Steed , H. and Macfarlane , S. 2008 . Bacterial metabolism and health-related effects of galacto-oligosaccharides and other prebiotics . Journal of Applied Microbiology , 104 : 305 – 344 .
- Mahious , A. , Gatesoupe , J. , Hervi , M. , Metailler , R. and Ollevier , F. 2006 . Effect of dietary inulin and oligosaccharides as prebiotics for weaning turbot, Psetta maxima (Linnaeus, C. 1758) . Aquaculture International , 14 : 219 – 229 .
- Manning , T. and Gibson , G. 2004 . Prebiotics . Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology , 18 : 287 – 298 .
- Muyzer , G. , de Waal , E. C. and Uitterlinden , A. G. 1993 . Profiling of complex microbial populations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genes encoding for 16S rDNA . Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 59 : 695 – 700 .
- Patterson , J. and Burkholder , K. 2003 . Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production . Poultry Science , 82 : 627 – 631 .
- Rastall , R. 2004 . Bacteria in the gut: friends and foes and how to alter the balance . Journal of Nutrition , 134 : 2022S – 2026S .
- SAS Institute . 1996 . SAS user's guide: statistics Cary, North Carolina : SAS Institute, Inc. .
- Sealey , W. M. , Barrows , F. T. , Johansen , K. A. , Overturf , K. , LaPatra , S. E. and Hardy , R. W. 2007 . Evaluation of the ability of partially autolyzed yeast and Grobiotic-A to improve disease resistance in rainbow trout . North American Journal of Aquaculture , 69 : 400 – 406 .
- Sink , T. D. and Lochmann , R. T. 2008 . Preliminary observations of mortality reduction in stressed, Flavobacterium columnare-challenged golden shiners after treatment with a dairy-yeast prebiotic . North American Journal of Aquaculture , 70 : 192 – 194 .
- Sink , T. D. , Lochmann , R. T. , Goodwin , A. E. and Marecaux , E. 2007 . Mortality rates in golden shiners fed high-fat diets with or without a dairy-yeast prebiotic before challenge with Flavobacterium columnare . North American Journal of Aquaculture , 69 : 305 – 308 .
- Siwicki , A. K. , Anderson , D. P. and Rumsey , G. L. 1994 . Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protection against furunculosis . Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , 41 : 125 – 139 .
- Smiricky-Tjardes , M. , Grieshop , C. M. , Flickinger , E. A. , Bauer , L. and Fahey , G. C. Jr. 2003 . Dietary galactooligosaccharides affect ileal and total-tract nutrient digestibility, ileal and fecal bacterial concentrations, and ileal fermentative characteristics of growing pigs . Journal of Animal Science , 81 : 2535 – 2545 .
- Sparkes , A. H. , Papasouliotis , K. , Sunvold , G. D. , Werrett , G. , Gruffyd-Jones , E. A. , Egan , K. , Gruffyd-Jones , T. J. and Reinhart , G. A. 1998 . Effect of dietary supplementation with fructo-oligosaccharides on fecal flora of healthy cats . American Journal of Veterinary Research , 59 : 436 – 440 .
- Stickney , R. R. 2005 . “ Understanding and maintaining water quality ” . In Aquaculture: an introductory text 95 – 131 . Cambridge, Massachusetts : CABI Publishing .
- Swann , L. and White , M. R. 1989 . Diagnosis and treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection of fish Aquaculture extension, Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant Program .
- Tovar , D. , Zambonino-Infante , J. L. , Cahu , C. , Gatesoupe , F. J. , Vázquez-Juárez , R. and Lésel , R. 2002 . Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass larvae . Aquaculture , 204 : 113 – 123 .
- Tzortzis , G. , Goulas , A. K. , Gee , J. M. and Gibson , G. R. 2005 . A novel galactooligosaccharide mixture increases the bifidobacterial population numbers in a continuous in vitro fermentation system and in the proximal colonic contents of pigs in vivo . Journal of Nutrition , 135 : 1726 – 1731 .
- Waché , Y. , Auffray , F. , Gatesoupe , F. J. , Zambonino , J. , Gayet , V. , Labbé , L. and Quentel , C. 2006 . Cross effects of the strain of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae and rearing conditions on the onset of intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fry . Aquaculture , 258 : 470 – 478 .
- Yildiz , H. , Bekcan , S. , Karasu Benli , A. C. and Akan , M. 2005 . Some blood parameters in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) spontaneously infected with Aeromonas hydrophila . Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine , 60 : 91 – 92 .