Postrelease Performance of Hatchery Yearling and Subyearling Fall Chinook Salmon Released into the Snake River

References

• Achord , S. , Matthews , G. M. , Johnson , O. W. and Marsh , D. M. 1996 . Use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags to monitor migration timing of Snake River Chinook salmon smolts . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 16 : 302 – 313 .
   Google Scholar
• Banks , J. L. 1994 . Raceway density and water flow as factors affecting spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during rearing and after release . Aquaculture , 119 : 201 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banks , J. L. , Fowler , L. G. and Elliot , J. W. 1971 . Effects of rearing temperature on growth, body form, and hematology of fall Chinook fingerlings . The Progressive Fish-Culturist , 33 : 20 – 26 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckman , B. R. , Dickhoff , W. W. , Zaugg , W. S. , Sharpe , C. , Hirtzel , S. , Schrock , R. , Larsen , D. A. , Ewing , R. D. , Palmisano , A. , Schreck , C. and Mahnken , C. V. W. 1999 . Growth smotlification, and smolt-adult return of spring Chinook salmon from hatcheries on the Deschutes River, Oregon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 128 : 1125 – 1150 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckman , B. R. , Larsen , D. A. , Lee-Pawlak , B. and Dickhoff , W. W. 1998 . Relation of fish size and growth rate to migration of spring Chinook salmon smolts . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 18 : 537 – 546 .
   Google Scholar
• Berggren , T. J. and Filardo , M. J. 1993 . An analysis of variables influencing the migration of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River basin . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 13 : 48 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Beverton , J. H. and Holt , S. J. 1957 . On the dynamics of exploited fish populations London : Chapman and Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Buckman , M. and Ewing , R. D. 1982 . Relationship between size and time of entry into the sea and gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity for juvenile spring Chinook salmon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 111 : 681 – 687 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugert , R. M. 1998 . Mechanics of supplementation in the Columbia River . Fisheries , 23 ( 1 ) : 11 – 20 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugert , R. M. , Hopley , C. W. , Busack , C. A. and Mendel , G. W. 1995 . “ Maintenance of stock integrity in Snake River fall Chinook salmon ” . In Uses and effects of cultured fishes in aquatic ecosystems , Symposium 15 Edited by: Schramm , H. L. Jr. and Piper , R. G. 267 – 276 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Bugert , R. M. , Mendel , G. W. and Seidel , P. R. 1997 . Adult returns of subyearling and yearling fall Chinook salmon released from a Snake River hatchery or transported downstream . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 17 : 638 – 651 .
   Google Scholar
• Burnham , K. P. , Anderson , D. R. , White , G. C. , Brownie , C. and Pollock , K. H. 1987 . Design and analysis methods for fish survival experiments based on release−recapture , American Fisheries Society, Monograph 5 Bethesda, Maryland
   Google Scholar
• Chapman , D. W. and Bjornn , T. C. 1969 . “ Distribution of salmonids in streams, with special reference to food and feeding ” . In Symposium on salmon and trout streams Edited by: Northcote , T. G. 153 – 176 . Vancouver : University of British Columbia .
   Google Scholar
• Connor , W. P. and Burge , H. L. 2003 . Growth of wild subyearling Chinook salmon in the Snake River . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 23 : 595 – 600 .
   Google Scholar
• Connor , W. P. , Burge , H. L. and Bennett , D. H. 1998 . Detection of subyearling Chinook salmon at a Snake River dam: implications for summer flow augmentation . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 18 : 530 – 536 .
   Google Scholar
• Connor , W. P. , Burge , H. L. , Waitt , R. and Bjornn , T. C. 2002 . Juvenile life history of wild fall Chinook salmon in the Snake and Clearwater rivers . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 22 : 703 – 712 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor , W. P. , Burge , H. L. , Yearsley , J. R. and Bjornn , T. C. 2003a . The influence of flow and temperature on survival of wild subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 23 : 362 – 375 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Connor , W. P. , Steinhorst , R. K. and Burge , H. L. 2000 . Forecasting survival and passage for migratory juvenile salmonids . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 20 : 650 – 659 .
   Google Scholar
• Connor , W. P. , Steinhorst , R. K. and Burge , H. L. 2003b . Migrational behavior and seaward movement of wild subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Snake River . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 23 : 414 – 430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cormack , R. M. 1964 . Estimates of survival from the sightings of marked animals . Biometrika , 51 : 429 – 438 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downing , S. L. , Prentice , E. F. , Frazier , R. W. , Simonson , J. E. and Nunnallee , E. P. 2001 . Technology developed for diverting passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagged fish at hydroelectric dams in the Columbia River basin . Aquacultural Engineering , 25 : 149 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elrod , J. H. , Ostergaard , D. E. and Schneider , C. P. 1989 . Effect of rearing density on poststocking survival of lake trout in Ontario . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 51 : 189 – 193 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everest , F. H. and Chapman , D. W. 1972 . Habitat selection and spatial interaction by juvenile Chinook salmon and steelhead trout in streams . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 29 : 91 – 100 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ewing , R. D. and Ewing , S. K. 1995 . Review of the effects of rearing density on survival to adulthood for Pacific salmon . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 57 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenderson , O. C. and Carpenter , M. R. 1971 . Effects of crowding on the behavior of juvenile hatchery and wild landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) . Animal Behavior , 19 : 439 – 447 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folmar , L. C. and Dickhoff , W. W. 1980 . The parr−smolt transformation (smoltification) and seawater adaptation in salmonids: a review of selected literature . Aquaculture , 21 : 1 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler , L. G. and Banks , J. L. 1980 . Survival rates of three sizes of hatchery-reared fall Chinook salmon , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technology Transfer Series 80-3
   Google Scholar
• Fowler , L. G. , Burrows , R. E. , Combs , B. D. and Banks , J. L. 1980 . The effect of size and time of release of fall Chinook salmon fingerlings on adult survival , U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technology Transfer Series 80-3
   Google Scholar
• Giorgi , A. E. , Hillman , T. W. , Stevenson , J. R. , Hayes , S. G. and Pevan , C. M. 1997 . Factors that influence the downstream migration rates of juvenile salmon and steelhead through the hydroelectric system in the mid-Columbia River basin . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 17 : 268 – 282 .
   Google Scholar
• Healey , M. C. 1980 . Utilization of the Nanaimo River estuary by juvenile Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha . Fishery Bulletin , 77 : 653 – 668 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurlbert , S. H. 1984 . Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments . Ecological Monographs , 54 : 167 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , S. L. , Solazzi , M. F. and Nikelson , T. E. 1990 . Effects of survival and homing of trucking hatchery yearling coho salmon to release sites . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 10 : 427 – 433 .
   Google Scholar
• Kenaston , K. R. , Lindsay , R. B. and Schroeder , R. K. 2001 . Effect of acclimation on the homing and survival of hatchery winter steelhead . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 21 : 765 – 773 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjelson , M. A. , Raquel , P. F. and Fisher , F. W. 1982 . “ Life history of fall-run Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary, California ” . In Estuarine comparisons Edited by: Kennedy , V. S. 393 – 411 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lister , D. B. and Genoe , H. S. 1970 . Stream habitat utilization by cohabiting underyearlings of Chinook (Oncorhychus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon in the Big Qualicum River, British Columbia . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 27 : 1215 – 1224 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marine , K. R. 1997 . Effects of elevated water temperature on some aspects of the physiological and ecological performance of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha): implications for management of California's Central Valley salmon stocks Master's thesis. University of California, Davis
   Google Scholar
• Marsh , D. M. , Matthews , G. M. , Achord , S. , Ruehle , T. E. and Sandford , B. P. 1999 . Diversion of salmonid smolts tagged with passive integrated transponders from an untagged population passing through a juvenile collection system . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 19 : 1142 – 1146 .
   Google Scholar
• Marshall , A. R. , Blankenship , H. L. and Connor , W. P. 2000 . Genetic characterization of naturally spawned Snake River fall-run Chinook salmon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 129 : 680 – 698 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin , R. M. and Wertheimer , A. 1989 . Adult production of Chinook salmon reared at different densities and released at two smolt sizes . Progressive Fish-Culturist , 51 : 194 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews , G. M. , Swann , G. A. and Ross Smith , J. 1977 . Improved bypass and collection system for protection of juvenile salmon and steelhead trout at Lower Granite Dam . Marine Fisheries Review , 39 ( 7 ) : 10 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motulsky , H. J. 1999 . Analyzing data with GraphPad Prism San Diego, California : GraphPad Software, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Muir , W. D. , Smith , S. G. , Williams , J. G. and Hockersmith , E. E. 2001 . Survival estimates for migrant yearling Chinook salmon and steelhead tagged with passive integrated transponders in the lower Snake and lower Columbia rivers, 1993–1998 . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 21 : 269 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott , R. L. 1993 . An introduction to statistical methods and data analysis, , 4th edition Belmont, California : Wadsworth Publishing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Prentice , E. F. , Flagg , T. A. and McCutcheon , C. S. 1990a . “ Feasibility of using implantable passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in salmonids ” . In Fish-marking techniques , Symposium 7 Edited by: Parker , N. C. , Giorgi , A. E. , Heidinger , R. C. , Jester , D. B. Jr. , Prince , E. D. and Winans , G. A. 317 – 322 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Prentice , E. F. , Flagg , T. A. , McCutcheon , C. S. and Brastow , D. F. 1990b . “ PIT-tag monitoring systems for hydroelectric dams and fish hatcheries ” . In Fish-marking techniques , Symposium 7 Edited by: Parker , N. C. , Giorgi , A. E. , Heidinger , R. C. , Jester , D. B. Jr. , Prince , E. D. and Winans , G. A. 323 – 334 . Bethesda, Maryland : American Fisheries Society .
   Google Scholar
• Ricker , W. E. 1975 . Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations , Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 191
   Google Scholar
• Salonius , K. and Iwama , G. K. 1993 . Effects of early rearing environment on stress response, immune function, and disease resistance in juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 50 : 759 – 766 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satterthwaite , F. W. 1946 . An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components . Biometrics Bulletin , 2 : 110 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Schreck , C. B. , Patino , R. , Pring , C. K. , Winton , J. R. and Holway , J. E. 1985 . Effects of rearing density on indices of smoltification and performance of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) . Aquaculture , 45 : 345 – 358 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skalski , J. R. , Smith , S. G. , Iwamoto , R. N. , Williams , J. G. and Hoffman , A. 1998 . Use of passive integrated transponder tags to estimate survival of migrant juvenile salmonids in the Snake and Columbia rivers . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 1484 – 1493 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , S. G. , Muir , W. D. , Hockersmith , E. E. , Zabel , R. W. , Graves , R. J. , Ross , C. V. , Connor , W. P. and Arnsberg , B. D. 2003 . Influence of river conditions on survival and travel time of Snake River subyearling fall Chinook salmon . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 23 : 939 – 961 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabor , R. A. , Shively , R. S. and Poe , T. P. 1993 . Predation on juvenile salmonids by smallmouth bass and northern squawfish in the Columbia River near Richland, Washington . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 13 : 831 – 838 .
   Google Scholar
• Thorpe , J. E. 1991 . Acceleration and deceleration effects of hatchery rearing on salmonid development and their consequences for wild stocks . Aquaculture , 98 : 111 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiffan , K. F. , Rondorf , D. W. and Wagner , P. G. 2000 . Physiological development and migratory behavior of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 20 : 28 – 40 .
   Google Scholar
• Vigg , S. and Burley , C. C. 1991 . Temperature-dependent maximum daily consumption of juvenile salmonids by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) from the Columbia River . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 48 : 2491 – 2498 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ward , D. L. , Boyce , R. R. , Young , F. R. and Olney , F. E. 1997 . A review and assessment of transportation studies for juvenile Chinook salmon in the Snake River . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 17 : 652 – 662 .
   Google Scholar
• Wedemeyer , G. A. , Saunders , R. L. and Craig Clarke , W. 1980 . Environmental factors affecting smoltification and early marine survival of anadromous salmonids . Marine Fisheries Review , 42 ( 6 ) : 3 – 14 .
   Google Scholar