85
Views
15
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Article

Stream Gradient-Related Movement and Growth of Atlantic Salmon Parr during Winter

, , , , &
Pages 371-385 | Received 04 Dec 2006, Accepted 20 Sep 2007, Published online: 09 Jan 2011

References

  • Alfredsen , K. and Tesaker , E. 2002 . Winter habitat assessment strategies and incorporation of winter habitat in the Norwegian habitat assessment tools . Hydrological Processes , 16 : 927 – 936 .
  • Annear , T. C. , Hubert , W. , Simpkins , D. and Hebdon , L. 2002 . Behavioural and physiological response of trout to winter habitat in tailwaters in Wyoming, USA . Hydrological Processes , 16 : 915 – 925 .
  • Ashton , G. D. 1986 . River and lake ice engineering Littleton, Colorado : Water Resources Publications .
  • Bendiksen , EÅ , Berg , O. K. , Jobling , M. , Arnesen , A. M. and Måsøval , K. 2003 . Digestibility, growth and nutrient utilisation of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.) in relation to temperature, feed fat content and oil source . Aquaculture , 224 : 283 – 299 .
  • Berg , N. H. 1994 . Ice in stream pools in California's central Sierra Nevada: Spatial and temporal variability and reduction in trout habitat availability . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 14 : 372 – 384 .
  • Borsányi , P. , Alfredsen , K. , Harby , A. , Ugedal , O. and Kraxner , C. A meso-scale habitat classification method for production modelling of Atlantic salmon in Norway . Hydroecological Applications , 14 119 – 138 .
  • Bradford , M. J. and Higgins , P. S. 2001 . Habitat, season- and size-specific variation in diel activity patterns of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 58 : 365 – 374 .
  • Brännäs , E. and Wicklund , B. S. 1992 . Low temperature growth potential of Arctic char and rainbow trout . Nordic Journal of Freshwater Research , 67 : 77 – 81 .
  • Bremset , G. and Berg , O. K. 1999 . Three dimensional microhabitat use by young pool-dwelling Atlantic salmon and brown trout . Animal Behaviour , 58 : 1047 – 1059 .
  • Brown , R. S. and Mackay , W. C. 1995 . Fall and winter movements of and habitat use by cutthroat trout in the Ram River, Alberta . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 124 : 873 – 885 .
  • Brown , R. S. , Stanislawski , S. S. and Mackay , W. C. 1994 . “ Effects of frazil ice on fish ” . In Workshop on the environmental aspects of river ice Edited by: Prowse , T. D. 261 – 268 . Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, , Canada : National Hydrology Research Institute .
  • Carstens , T. 1966 . Experiments with supercooling and ice formation in flowing water . Geophysica Norwegica , 26 ( 9 ) : 1 – 18 .
  • Chapman , D. W. 1966 . Food and space as regulators of salmonid populations in streams . American Naturalist , 100 : 345 – 357 .
  • Chrisholm , J. M. and Hubert , W. A. 1987 . Cover use by stream-resident trout in winter: A field experiment . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 7 : 539 – 544 .
  • Cunjak , R. A. 1988 . Behaviour and microhabitat of young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during winter . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 45 : 2156 – 2160 .
  • Cunjak , R. A. 1996 . Winter habitat of selected stream fishes and potential impacts from land-use activity . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 53 : 267 – 282 .
  • Cunjak , R. A. and Power , G. 1986 . Winter habitat utilization by stream resident brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 43 : 1970 – 1981 .
  • Cunjak , R. A. , Prowse , T. D. and Parrish , D. L. 1998 . Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in winter: The season of parr ‘discontent'? . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 161 – 180 .
  • Cunjak , R. A. and Randall , R. G. 1993 . In-stream movements of young Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during winter and early spring . Canadian Special Publications of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 118 : 43 – 51 .
  • Devik , O. 1944 . Ice formation in lakes and rivers . Geographical Journal , 5 : 193 – 203 .
  • Elliott , J. M. and Hurley , M. A. 1995 . The functional relationship between body size and growth rate in fish . Functional Ecology , 9 : 625 – 627 .
  • Elliott , S. R. , Coe , T. A. , Helfield , J. M. and Naiman , R. J. 1998 . Spatial variation in environmental characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) rivers . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 267 – 280 .
  • Finstad , A. , Ugedal , O. , Forseth , T. and Næsje , T. F. 2004a . Energy related juvenile winter mortality in a northern population of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 61 : 2358 – 2368 .
  • Finstad , A. G. , Forseth , T. , Næsje , T. F. and Ugedal , O. 2004b . The importance of ice cover for energy turnover in juvenile Atlantic salmon . Journal of Animal Ecology , 73 : 959 – 966 .
  • Fletcher , G. L. , Kao , M. H. and Dempson , J. B. 1988 . Lethal freezing temperatures of Arctic char and other salmonids in the presence of ice . Aquaculture , 71 : 369 – 378 .
  • Fraser , N. H. C. and Metcalfe , N. B. 1997 . The costs of becoming nocturnal - feeding efficiency in relation to light intensity in juvenile Atlantic salmon . Functional Ecology , 11 : 385 – 391 .
  • Fraser , N. H. C. , Metcalfe , N. B. and Thorpe , J. E. 1993 . Temperature dependent switch between diurnal and nocturnal foraging salmon . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , 252 : 135 – 139 .
  • Gibson , R. J. 1973 . Interactions of juvenile Atlantic salmon and brook trout . International Atlantic Salmon Foundation Special Publication , 4 : 181 – 202 .
  • Gibson , R. J. 1981 . “ Behavioural interactions between coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), at the juvenile fluviatile stages ” . In Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1029
  • Heggenes , J. 1996 . Habitat selection by brown trout (Salmo trutta) and young Atlantic salmon (S. salar) in streams—static and dynamic hydraulic modelling . Regulated Rivers: Research and Management , 12 ( 2/3 ) : 155 – 169 .
  • Heggenes , J. , Krog , O. M. W. , Lindås , O. R. , Dokk , J. G. and Bremnes , T. 1993 . Homeostatic behavioural responses in a changing environment: Brown trout (Salmo trutta) become nocturnal during winter . Journal of Animal Ecology , 62 : 295 – 308 .
  • Heggenes , J. and Saltveit , S. J. 1990 . Seasonal and spatial microhabitat selection and segregation in young Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., and brown trout, Salmo trutta L., in a Norwegian river . Journal of Fish Biology , 36 : 707 – 720 .
  • Hiscock , M. J. , Scruton , D. A. , Brown , J. A. and Clarke , D. C. 2002 . Winter movement of radio tagged juvenile Atlantic salmon on Northeast Brook, Newfoundland . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 131 : 577 – 581 .
  • Hubbs , C. L. and Trautman , M. B. 1935 . The need for investigating fish conditions in winter . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 65 : 51 – 56 .
  • Hunt , R. L. 1969 . Overwinter survival of wild fingerling brook trout in Lawrence Creek, Wisconsin . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 26 : 1473 – 1483 .
  • Hutchings , J. A. 1993 . “ Behavioural implications of intraspecific life history variation ” . In The behavioural ecology of fishes Edited by: Huntingford , F. A. and Toricelli , P. 187 – 205 . London : Harwood Academic .
  • Huusko , A. , Greenberg , L. , Stickler , M. , Linnansaari , T. , Nykänen , M. , Vehanen , T. , Koljonen , S. , Louhi , P. and Alfredsen , K. 2007 . Life in the ice lane: The winter ecology of stream salmonids . River Research and Applications , 23 : 469 – 491 .
  • Jakober , M. J. , McMahon , T. E. , Thurow , R. F. and Clancy , C. G. 1998 . Role of stream ice on fall and winter movements and habitat use by bull trout and cutthroat trout in Montana headwater streams . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 127 : 223 – 235 .
  • Jobling , M. , Koskela , J. and Pirhonen , J. 1998 . Feeding time, feed intake and growth of Baltic salmon, Salmo salar, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, reared in monoculture and duoculture at constant low temperature . Aquaculture , 163 ( 1/2 ) : 73 – 84 .
  • Koskela , J. , Pirhonen , J. and Jobling , M. 1997 . Effect of low temperature on feed intake, growth rate and body composition of juvenile Baltic salmon . Aquaculture International , 5 : 479 – 488 .
  • Kruskal , W. H. and Wallis , W. A. 1952 . Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis . Journal of the American Statistical Association , 47 : 583 – 621 .
  • Laland , K. N. , Brown , C. and Krause , J. 2003 . Learning in fishes: From three-second memory to culture . Fish and Fisheries , 3 : 199 – 202 .
  • Linnansaari , T. , Roussel , J. M. , Cunjak , R. A. and Halleraker , J. H. 2007 . Efficiency and accuracy of portable PIT-antennae when locating fish in ice covered streams . Hydrobiologia , 582 : 281 – 287 .
  • Logan , S. M. 1963 . Winter observations on bottom organisms and trout in Bridger Creek, Montana . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 92 : 140 – 145 .
  • Maciolek , J. A. and Needham , P. R. 1952 . Ecological effects of winter conditions on trout and trout foods in Convict Creek, California, 1951 . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 81 : 202 – 217 .
  • Mäki-Petäys , A. , Erkinaro , J. , Niemelä , E. , Huusko , A. and Muotka , T. 2004 . Spatial distribution of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a subarctic river: Size-specific changes in a strongly seasonal environment . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 61 : 2329 – 2338 .
  • Mäki-Petäys , A. , Muotka , T. , Huusko , A. , Tikkanen , O. and Kreivi , P. 1997 . Seasonal changes in habitat use and preference by juvenile brown trout, Salmo trutta, in a northern boreal river . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 54 : 520 – 530 .
  • Mann , H. B. and Whitney , D. R. 1947 . On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other . Annals of Mathematical Statistics , 18 : 50 – 60 .
  • Martin , D. M. , Brown , S. R. , Barton , D. R. and Power , G. 2000 . Abundance of stream invertebrates in winter: Seasonal changes and effects of river ice . Canadian Field-Naturalist , 115 : 68 – 74 .
  • Meyers , L. S. , Thuemler , T. F. and Kornely , G. W. 1992 . Seasonal movements of brown trout in northeast Wisconsin . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 12 : 433 – 441 .
  • Mitro , M. G. and Zale , A. V. 2002 . Seasonal survival, movement and habitat use of age-0 rainbow trout in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 131 : 271 – 286 .
  • Murphy , M. H. , Connerton , M. J. and Stewart , D. J. 2006 . Evaluation of winter severity on growth of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 135 : 420 – 430 .
  • Needham , P. R. and Jones , A. C. 1959 . Flow, temperature, solar radiation and ice in relation to activities of fishes in Sagehen Creek, California . Ecology , 40 : 465 – 474 .
  • Odling-Smee , L. and Braithwaite , V. A. 2003 . The role of learning in fish orientation . Fish and Fisheries , 4 : 235 – 246 .
  • Ostrovsky , I. 1995 . The parabolic pattern of animal growth: Determination of equation parameters and their temperature dependencies . Freshwater Biology , 33 : 357 – 371 .
  • Parrish , D. L. , Hawes , E. J. and Whalen , K. G. 2004 . Winter growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in experimental raceways . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 61 : 2350 – 2357 .
  • Prowse , T. 1995 . “ River ice jams ” . In River ice jams Edited by: Beltaos , S. 54 – 68 . Ontario, , Canada : Water Resources Publications .
  • Prowse , T. D. 1994 . Environmental significance of ice to streamflow in cold regions . Freshwater Biology , 32 : 241 – 259 .
  • Prowse , T. D. and Gridley , N. C. , eds. 1993 . Environmental aspects of river ice Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, , Canada : National Hydrology Research Institute .
  • Reimers , N. 1963 . Body condition, water temperature and over-winter survival of hatchery-reared trout in Convict Creek, California . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 92 : 39 – 46 .
  • Rimmer , D. M. , Paim , U. and Saunders , R. L. 1983 . Autumnal habitat shift of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in a small river . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 40 : 671 – 680 .
  • Roussel , J. M. , Cunjak , R. A. , Newbury , R. , Caissie , D. and Haro , A. 2004 . Movements and habitat use by PIT-tagged Atlantic salmon parr in early winter: The influence of anchor ice . Freshwater Biology , 49 : 1026 – 1035 .
  • Roussel , J. M. , Haro , A. and Cunjak , R. A. 2000 . Field test of a new method for tracking small fishes in shallow rivers using passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 57 : 1326 – 1329 .
  • Saltveit , S. J. , Halleraker , J. H. , Arnekleiv , J. V. and Harby , A. 2001 . Field experiments on stranding in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) during rapid flow decreases caused by hydropeaking . Regulated Rivers: Research and Management , 17 : 609 – 622 .
  • Saunders , R. L. and Gee , J. H. 1964 . Movements of young Atlantic salmon in a small stream . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 21 : 27 – 36 .
  • Schälchli , U. 2002 . Die innere Kolmation von Fliessgewässersohlenneue Methode zur Erkennung und Bewertung [The inner embeddedness of river and streambeds—a new method to assess and evaluate] Dübendorf, Switzerland : EAWAG . 9
  • Scruton , D. A. , Pennell , C. J. , Robertson , M. J. , Ollerhead , L. M. N. and Clarke , K. D. 2005 . Seasonal response of juvenile Atlantic salmon to experimental hydropeaking power generation in Newfoundland, Canada . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 25 : 964 – 974 .
  • Simpkins , D. G. , Hubert , W. and Wesche , T. A. 2000 . Effects of fall-to-winter changes in habitat and frazil ice on the movements and habitat use of juvenile rainbow trout in a Wyoming tailwater . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 129 : 101 – 118 .
  • Stickler , M. , Alfredsen , K. , Scruton , D. , Pennell , C. , Harby , A. and Økland , F. 2007 . Mid winter activity and movement of Atlantic salmon parr during ice formation events in a Norwegian, regulated river . Hydrobiologia , 582 : 81 – 89 .
  • Tesaker , E. Interaction between ice and water flow in rapids . Proceedings of the 13th international ice symposium, IAHR . pp. 480 – 487 . Beijing, , China : IAHR .
  • Underwood , A. J. , ed. 1993 . Experiments in ecology: Their logical design and interpretation using analysis of variance UK : Cambridge University Press .
  • Valdimarsson , S. K. and Metcalfe , N. B. 1998 . Shelter selection in juvenile Atlantic salmon or why do salmon seek shelter in winter . Journal of Fish Biology , 52 : 42 – 49 .
  • Vehanen , T. and Huusko , A. 2002 . Behaviour and habitat use of young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at the onset of winter in artificial streams . Hydrobiologia , 154 : 133 – 150 .
  • Wentworth , C. H. 1922 . A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments . Journal of Geology , 30 : 377 – 392 .
  • Whalen , K. G. and Parrish , D. L. 1999 . Nocturnal habitat use of Atlantic salmon parr in winter . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 1543 – 1550 .
  • Whalen , K. G. , Parrish , D. L. and Mather , M. E. 1999 . Effect of ice formation on selection of habitats and winter distribution of post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon parr . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 87 – 96 .
  • Young , M. K. 1995 . Telemetry-determined positions of brown trout (Salmo trutta) in two south-central Wyoming streams . American Midland Naturalist , 133 : 264 – 273 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.