Differing Forage Fish Assemblages Influence Trophic Structure in Neighboring Urban Lakes

References

• Beauchamp , D. A. 1990 . Seasonal and diel food habits of rainbow trout stocked as juveniles in Lake Washington . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 119 : 475 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauchamp , D. A. 1994 . Spatial and temporal dynamics of piscivory on planktivorous fishes: Implications for food web stability and the transparency of Lake Washington . Lake and Reservoir Management , 10 : 21 – 24 .
   Google Scholar
• Beauchamp , D. A. , Sergeant , C. J. , Mazur , M. M. , Scheuerell , J. M. , Schindler , D. E. , Scheurell , M. D. , Fresh , K. L. , Seiler , D. E. and Quinn , T. P. 2004 . Temporal-spatial dynamics of early feeding demand and food supply of sockeye salmon fry in Lake Washington . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 133 : 1014 – 1032 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauchamp , D. A. , Vecht , S. A. and Thomas , G. L. 1992 . Temporal, spatial, and size-related foraging of wild cutthroat trout in Lake Washington . Northwest Science , 66 : 149 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabana , G. and Rasmussen , J. B. 1996 . Comparison of aquatic food chains using nitrogen isotopes . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA , 93 : 10844 – 10847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartwright , M. A. , Beauchamp , D. A. and Bryant , M. D. 1998 . Quantifying cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki) predation on sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fry using a bioenergetics approach . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 55 : 1285 – 1295 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chigbu , P. 2000 . Population biology of longfin smelt and aspects of the ecology of other major planktivorous fishes in Lake Washington . Journal of Freshwater Ecology , 15 : 543 – 557 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chigbu , P. and Sibley , T. H. 1998a . Predation by longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) on the mysid Neomysis mercedis in Lake Washington . Freshwater Biology , 40 : 295 – 304 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chigbu , P. and Sibley , T. H. 1998b . Feeding ecology of longfin smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys Ayres) in Lake Washington . Fisheries Research , 38 : 109 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeNiro , M. J. and Epstein , S. 1978 . Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 42 : 495 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeNiro , M. J. and Epstein , S. 1981 . Influence of diet on the distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 45 : 341 – 353 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doble , B. D. and Eggers , D. M. 1978 . Diel feeding chronology, rate of gastric evacuation, daily ration, and prey selectivity in Lake Washington juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 107 : 36 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eggers , D. M. , Bartoo , N. W. , Rickard , N. A. , Nelson , R. E. , Wissmar , R. C. , Burgner , R. L. and Devol , A. H. 1978 . Lake Washington ecosystem: Perspective from the fish community production and forage base . Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , 35 : 1553 – 1571 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• France , R. L. 1995 . Differentiation between littoral and pelagic food webs in lakes using stable carbon isotopes . Limnology and Oceanography , 40 : 1310 – 1313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fry , B. , Mumford , P. L. , Tam , F. , Fox , D. D. , Warren , G. L. , Havens , K. E. and Steinman , A. D. 1999 . Trophic position and individual feeding histories of fish from Lake Okeechobee, Florida . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 56 : 590 – 600 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu , B. , Schelske , C. L. and Hoyer , M. V. 1996 . Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen as indicators of diet and trophic structure of the fish community in a shallow hypereutrophic lake . Journal of Fish Biology , 49 : 1233 – 1243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hecky , R. E. and Hesslein , R. H. 1995 . Contributions of benthic algae to lake food webs as revealed by stable isotope analysis . Journal of the North American Benthological Society , 14 : 631 – 653 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesslein , R. H. , Hallard , K. A. and Ramlal , P. 1993 . Replacement of sulfur, carbon, and nitrogen in tissue of growing broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) in response to a change in diet traced by δ34S, δ13C, and δ15N . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 50 : 2071 – 2076 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keast , A. 1977 . Diet overlaps and feeding relationships between the year-classes in the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) . Environmental Biology of Fishes , 2 : 53 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• Keough , J. R. , Sierszen , M. E. and Hagley , C. A. 1996 . Analysis of a Lake Superior coastal food web with stable isotope techniques . Limnology and Oceanography , 1 : 136 – 146 .
   Google Scholar
• Koehler , M. E. , Fresh , K. L. , Beauchamp , D. A. , Cordell , J. R. , Simenstad , C. A. and Seiler , D. E. 2006 . Diet and bioenergetics of lake-rearing juvenile Chinook salmon in Lake Washington . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 135 : 1580 – 1591 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lake , J. L. , McKinney , R. A. , Osterman , F. A. , Pruell , R. J. , Kiddon , J. , Ryba , S. A. and Libby , A. D. 2001 . Stable nitrogen isotopes as indicators of anthropogenic activities in small freshwater systems . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 58 : 870 – 878 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McConnaughey , T. and McRoy , C. P. 1979 . Food web structure and the fractionation of carbon isotopes in the Bering Sea . Marine Biology , 53 : 257 – 262 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre , J. K. , Beauchamp , D. A. , Mazur , M. M. and Overman , N. C. 2006 . Ontogenetic trophic interactions and bentho-pelagic coupling in Lake Washington: Evidence from stable isotopes and diet analysis . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 135 : 1312 – 1328 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , J. L. , Hamon , T. , Jones , T. and West , F. 2007 . “ Kokanee exploit large prey in the absence of limnetic predators ” . In Sockeye salmon evolution, ecology, and management. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 54 Edited by: Woody , C. A. 73 – 83 . Bethesda, Maryland
   Google Scholar
• Minagawa , M. and Wada , E. 1984 . Stepwise enrichment of 15N along food chains: Further evidence for the relation between δ15N and animal age . Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , 48 : 1135 – 1140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulton , L. L. 1974 . Abundance, growth, and spawning of longfin smelt in Lake Washington . Transactions of the American Fisheries Society , 103 : 46 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Marine Fisheries Service . 1999 . Endangered and threatened species; threatened status for three Chinook salmon evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) in Washington and Oregon, and endangered status for one Chinook salmon ESU in Washington, Final Rule . Federal Register , 64 (24 March 1999) : 14308 – 14328 .
   Google Scholar
• Nelson , R. E. 1977 . Life history of the yellow perch, Perca flavescens (Mitchill). Master's thesis Washington Seattle : University of .
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson , N. A. and Northcote , T. G. 1981 . Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cutthroat trout (S. clarki) interactions in coastal British Columbia lakes . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 38 : 1128 – 1246 .
   Google Scholar
• Nowak , G. M. , Tabor , R. A. , Warner , E. J. , Fresh , K. L. and Quinn , T. P. 2004 . Ontogenetic shifts in habitat and diet of cutthroat trout in Lake Washington, Washington . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 24 : 624 – 635 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overman , N. C. , Beauchamp , D. A. and Mazur , M. M. 2006 . Growth, distribution, and abundance of pelagic fishes in Lake Washington, 2001-2005 Seattle : Final Report to Seattle Public Utilities . WACFWRU-07-01
   Google Scholar
• Overman , N. C. and Parrish , D. L. 2001 . Stable isotope composition of walleye: 15N accumulation with age and area-specific differences in δ13C . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 58 : 1253 – 1260 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson , B. J. and Fry , B. 1987 . Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies . Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics , 18 : 293 – 320 .
   Google Scholar
• Post , D. M. 2002 . Using stable isotopes to estimate trophic position: Models, methods, and assumptions . Ecology , 83 : 703 – 718 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reimchen , T. E. 1992 . Injuries on stickleback from attacks by a toothed predator (Oncorhynchus) and implications for the evolution of lateral plates . Evolution , 46 : 1224 – 1230 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swanson , H. K. , Johnston , T. A. , Leggett , W. C. , Bodaly , R. A. , Doucett , R. R. and Cunjak , R. A. 2003 . Trophic positions and mercury bioaccumulation in rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and native forage fishes in northwestern Ontario lakes . Ecosystems , 6 : 289 – 299 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabor , R. A. , Footen , B. A. , Fresh , K. L. , Celedonia , M. T. , Francine , M. and Low , D. L. 2007 . Smallmouth bass and largemouth bass predation on juvenile Chinook salmon and other salmonids in the Lake Washington basin . North American Journal of Fisheries Management , 27 : 1174 – 1188 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tabor , R. A. and Piaskowski , R. M. 2001 . Nearshore habitat use by juvenile Chinook in lentic systems of the Lake Washington basin Lacey, Washington : U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service . Annual Report
   Google Scholar
• Vamosi , S. M. and Schluter , D. 2002 . Impacts of trout predation on fitness of sympatric sticklebacks and their hybrids . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B , 269 : 923 – 930 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Zanden , M. J. , Cabana , G. and Rasmussen , J. B. 1997 . Comparing trophic position of freshwater fish calculated using stable nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) and literature dietary data . Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , 54 : 1142 – 1158 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Zanden , M. J. and Rasmussen , J. B. 1996 . A trophic position model of pelagic food webs: Impact on contaminant bioaccumulation in lake trout . Ecological Monographs , 66 : 451 – 477 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Zanden , M. J. , Shuter , B. J. , Lester , N. and Rasmussen , J. B. 1999 . Patterns of food chain length in lakes: A stable isotope study . American Naturalist , 154 : 406 – 416 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vander Zanden , M. J. and Vadeboncoeur , Y. 2002 . Fishes as integrators of benthic and pelagic food webs in lakes . Ecology , 83 : 2152 – 2161 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wydoski , R. S. 1972 . “ Checklist of fishes in the Lake Washington drainage ” . In University of Washington, Coniferous Forest Biome Internal Report 34 Seattle
   Google Scholar
• Yoshii , K. , Melnik , N. G. , Timoshkin , O. A. , Bondarenko , N. A. , Anoshko , P. N. , Yoshioka , T. and Wada , E. 1999 . Stable isotope analyses of the pelagic food web in Lake Baikal . Limnology and Oceanography , 44 : 502 – 511 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar