Biological role of α-fetoprotein in cancer: prospects for anticancer therapy

References

• Mizejewski GJ. a-fetoprotein as a biologic response modifier: relevance to domain and subdomain structure. Proc. Soc. Exptl Biol. Med. 215,333–362, (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Interesting Genebank analysis of the entireAFP molecule.
   Google Scholar
• Brock DJH, Sutcliffe RG. a-fetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. Lancet 2,197–194 (1972).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leek AE, Ruoss CF Kitau MJ, Chard T. Raised AFP in maternal serum with anencephalic pregnancy. Lancet2, 385–386 (1973).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crandall BE a-fetoprotein: a review. CRC Grit. Rev an. Lab. Sci. 15,127–185 (1981).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •One of the most extensive early reviews on AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Smith CJP, Kelleher PC. a-fetoprotein molecular heterogeneity: physiologic correlation with normal growth, carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 605,1–32 (1980).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uriel J. The physiological role of a- fetoprotein in cell growth and differentiation. J. Nucl. Med. Allied Sci. 33, 12–17 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharieff S, Burney IA, Salam A, Siddiqui T Lack of correlation between a-fetoprotein and tumor size in hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Pakistan Med Assoc. 51,123–124 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ. New insights into AFP structure and function: potential biomedical applications. In: a- fetoprotein and Congenital Disorders. Mizejewski GJ, Porter IH (Eds) Orlando, OR, USA, 5–34, (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Nunez EA. Biological role of a-fetoprotein in the endocrinological field: data and hypotheses. Tumor Biol. 15,63–72 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ. The phylogeny of a- fetoprotein in vertebrates. Survey of biochemical and physiological data. Grit. Rev Eukaryot. Gene Expr 5,281–316 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •First complete phylogeny of vertebrate AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch HE Chemistry and biology of a- fetoprotein. Adv Cancer Res. 56,253–312 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ. a fetoprotein structure and function: relevance to isoform, epitopes and conformation variants. Expt. Biol. Med. 226, 377–408, (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Review on AFP concerning all its knownvariant forms.
   Google Scholar
• Bergstrand CG, Czar B. Paper electrophoretic study of human fetal serum proteins with demonstration of a new protein fraction. Scand. I an. Lab Invest. 9,277–281 (1957).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abelev GI, Perova, SD, Khramkova NI, Postnikova EA, Min IS. Prodution of embryonal a-globulin by transplantable mouse hepatoma. Transplantation 1,174–178 (1963).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First paper describing tumor-associated mtuine AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Tatarinov YS. Content of embryo-specific a-globulin in the blood serum of the human fetus, newborn and adult man in primary cancer of the liver. Vop Khim SSR 11,20–24 (1965).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••First report of tumor-associated human AFP
   Google Scholar
• Masopust J, Kotal L. Fetoprotein: immunochemical behavior of a autonomous fetal component in sera from human fetuses. Ann. Paediat. Basel 204, 138–140, (1965).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gitlin D, Boesman M. Serum AFP, albumin and y-G-globulin in the human conceptus. Can. Invest. 45,1826–1830 (1966).
   Google Scholar
• Brock, DJ, Bolton AE, Monaghan JM. Prenatal diagnosis through maternal serum AFP measurement. Lancet 2,293–294 (1973).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McLeod JF, Cooke NE. The vitamin D- binding protein, a-fetoprotein, albumin multigene family: detection of transcripts in multiple tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 264,21760–21769 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lichenstein HS, Lyons DE, VVurfel MM et Afamin is a new member of the albumin, a-fetoprotein and vitamin D-binding protein gene family. J. Biol. Chem. 269,18149–18154 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breborowicz J. Microheterogeneity of human a-fetoprotein. Tumor Biol. 9,3–14 (1988).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taketa K. Multimodal application of lectin affinity electrophoresis of a-fetoprotein. Electrophoresis l9, 1774–1779 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Abelev GI. a-fetoprotein in association with malignant tumors. Adv Cancer Res. 14, 295–357 (1971).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •An early review of tumor-associated AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Hasegawa H, Mukojima T, Hattori N, Sano R, Hirato T Embryonal carcinoma and AFP with special reference to hepatoblastoma. Cann Monographs Cancer Res. 14, 129–131 (1973).
   Google Scholar
• Ballas M. Yolk sac carcinoma of the ovary with AFP in serum and ascitic fluid demonstrated by immunomophoresis. Am. Clin. Pathol 56, 511–513 (1972).
   Google Scholar
• Wepsic HT a-fetoprotein: its quantitation and relationship to neoplastic disease. In: a-fetoprotein Laboratory Procedures and Clinical Applications. Kirkpatrick AM, Nakamura PM (Eds) Masson Publ. New York, NY, USA, 115–129 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• Miyazaki J, Endo Y, Oda T. Lectin affinities for a-fetoprotein in liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma andmetastatic liver tumor. Ada Hepatol. Jpn 22, 1559–1568 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• Taketa K, Ichikawa E, Alcamatsu K et at Increased asialo afetoprotein in patients with a—fetoprotein producing tumors: demonstration by affinity electrophoresis with erythroagglutinating phytohaemagglutinin of Phaseolus vulgaris lectin. Tumor Biol. 6, 533–544 (1985).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aoyagi Y, Isemura M, Yosizawa Z et al Fucosylation of serum afetoprotein in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys. Ada 830, 217–223 (1985).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumada T, Nakano I, Takeda I, Kiriyama S, Sone Y, Hayashi K. Clinical utility of lens culivaris agglutinin-reactive AFP in small hepatocellular carcinoma: special reference to imaging diagnosis. J. Hepatol 30, 125–130 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smalley JR, Sarcione EJ. Synthesis of a- fetoprotein by immature rat uterus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92, 1429–1434, 19802930, (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Taketa K. Characterization of sugar chain structures of human AFP by lectin affinity electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 19, 2595–2602 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarcione EJ, Smalley JR Intracellular synthesis of a-fetoprotein and fibrinogen without secretion by Zajdela rat hepatoma cells. Cancer Res. 36, 3203–3205 (1976).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •First paper describing nonsecreted AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Smalley JR, Sarcione EJ. Synthesis of a- fetoprotein by immature rat uterus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92, 1429–1434 (1980).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Early ieport describing a bound form of AFP
   Google Scholar
• Sarcione EJ, Zlotty M, Delluomo DS, Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI. Detection and measurement of a-fetoprotein in human breast cancer cytosol after treatment with 0.4 M potassium chloride. Cancer Res. 43, 37399–37341 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Brown-Buddle MM. Release of AFP from serine protease inhibitors in serum and tissue cytosols. In: Biological Activities of a-fetoprotein. Vol. II. Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI, (Eds). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press 162–179 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Sarcione EJ, Biddle W Elevated serum a- fetoprotein levels in postmenopausal women with primary breast carcinoma. Dis. Markers 5, 75–79 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarcione EJ, Hart D. Biosynthesis of a- fetoprotein by MCF-7 human breast cancer cell. Int.j Cancer 35, 315–318 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Biddle W Sarcione EJ. Specific cytoplasmic AFP binding protein in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and primary breast cancer tissue. Breast Cancer Res. Brat. 10, 279-286(1987).
   Google Scholar
• Esteban C, Terrier P, Frayssinet C, Uriel J. Expression of the a-fetoprotein gene in human breast cancer. Tumor Biol. 17, 299–305 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benno PH, Williams TH. Evidence for intracellular localization of AFP in the developing rat brain. Brain Res. 142–146 (1978).
   Google Scholar
• •Describes the uptake of AFP in the brain.
   Google Scholar
• Moro R, Uriel J. Early localization of AFP in the developing nervous system of the chicken. arca Develop. Biol. Med 2, 391–399 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• •Early report of AFP uptake by the nervous system.
   Google Scholar
• Uriel J, Trojan J, Dubauch P, Pineira A. Intracellular AFP and albumin in the developing nervous system of the baboon. Pathol Biol 30, 79–84 (1982).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Toran-Alleran CD. Coexistence of a- fetoprotein, albumin and transferring immunoreactivity in neurons of the developing mouse brain. Nature 286, 733 (1980).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trojan J, Uriel J. Immunocytochemical localization of AFP and serum albumin in ecto-, meso- and endodermal tissue derivatives of the developing rat. Oncodevelop. Biol. Med. 3, 13–22 (1982).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uriel J. Poupon MF Geuskens M. a- fetoprotein uptake by cloned cell lines derived from a nickel-induced rat rhabdomysosarcoma. &j arrer48, 261–269 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• •Original observation of AFP uptake by tumors.
   Google Scholar
• Lorenzo HC, Geuskens M, Macho A et al. a-fetoprotein binding and uptake by primary cultures of human skeletal muscle. Tumor Biol. 17,251–260 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajeri-Germond M, Trojan J, Uriel J, Hauw JJ. hi VitIV uptake of exogenous AFP by chicken dorsal root ganglia. Dev Neurosci 6, 11–15 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• Uriel J, Trojan J, Moro R, Pineiro A. Intracellular uptake of a-fetoprotein: A marker of neural differentiation. Ann. NY Acad. Sri. 417, 321–329 (1983).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Villacampa MJ, Lampreave F, Calvo M, Naval J, Pineiro A, Uriel J. Incorporation of radiolabelled a-fetoprotein in the brain and other tissues of the developing rat. Dev Brain Res. 12, 77–82 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• Uriel J, Faivre-Bauman A, Trojan J, Doiret D. Immunocytochemical demonstration of a-fetoprotein uptake by primary cultures of fetal hemisphere cells from mouse brain. Neurosci Lett. 27, 171–175 (1981).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Geuskens M, Naval J, Uriel J. Ultra- structural studies of the intracellular translocation of endocytosed a-fetoprotein (AFP) by cytochemistry and of the uptake of 3H-arachidonic acid bound to AFP by autoradiography in rat rhabdomyosarcoma cells. J. Cell Physiol. 128, 389–396 (1986).
   Google Scholar
• •Interesting report of fatty acid transport by AFP and uptake by cancer cells.
   Google Scholar
• Torres JM, Geuskens M, Uriel J. Receptor- mediated endocytosis and recycling of a-fetoprotein in human 13-lymphoma andT-leukemia cells. int.,/ Cancer 47, 110–117 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Laborda J, Naval J, Allouche M et al. Specific uptake of a-fetoprotein by malignant human lymphoid cells. Lit. J. Cancer 40, 314–318 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uriel, J, Naval J, Laborda J. a-fetoprotein mediated transfer of arachidonic acid into cultured cloned cells derived from a rat rhabdomyosarcoma. j Biol. Chem. 262, 2579–3585 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Hajere-Germond M, Naval J, Trojan J, Uriel J. The uptake of a-fetoprotein by C-1300 mouse neuroblastoma cells. Br. J. Cancer51, 791–797 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Alava MA, Sturralde M, Lampreave F, Pineiro A. Specific uptake of a-fetoprotein and albumin by rat Morris 777 Hepatoma cells. Tumor Biol. 20, 52–64, 1999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Describes AFP uptake by hepatoma cells.
   Google Scholar
• Uriel J, Failly-Crepin C, Villacampa MJ, Pineiro A, Geuskens M. Incorporation of AFP by the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Tumor Biol. 5, 41–51 (1984).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ockner RK, Weisigner RA, Gollan JL. Hepatic uptake of albumin-bound substances: the albumin receptor concept. Amer. Physiol. 245, 613–618 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• Villacampa MJ, Moro R, Naval J, Failly- Crepin C, Lampreave F, Uriel J. a-fetoprotein receptors in a human breast cancer cell line. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122,1322–1327, (1984).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••First reports describing an AFP receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki Y, Zeng CQY, Alpert E. Isolation and characterization of a specific a-fetoprotein receptor on human monocytes. Clin. Invest. 90, 1530–1536 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• ••Conformation report on the AFP receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Naval J, Villacampa MJ, GoguelUriel J. Cell type specific receptors for AFP in a mouse T-lymphoma cell line. Pmc. Natl Acad. Se/. USA 82, 3301–3304 (1985).
   Google Scholar
• Uriel J, Laborda J, Naval J, Geuskens M. a- fetoprotein receptors in malignant cells: an overview. In: Biological activities of a-fetopmteins. Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI (Eds). Boca Raton, CRC, 2, 103-117(1989).
   Google Scholar
• Torres JM, Carracq N, Uriel J. Membrane proteins from lymphoblastoid cells showing cross-affinity for a-fetoprotein and albumin. Isolation and characterization. Biochem Bicphys. Acta 1159, 60–66 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Moro R, Tamaoki T, Wegmann TG, Longnecker BM, Laderoute MP. Monoclonal antibodies directed against a widespread oncofetal antigen: the a-fetoprotein receptor. Tumor Biol. 14, 116–1130 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Discovered the AFP receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Laderoute MP. The characterization of a novel, widespread, PNA-reactive tumor associated antigen: the a-fetoprotein receptor/binding protein. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alberta, Canada, 1–256 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• •PhD thesis describing the discovery of the AFP receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Laderoute MP, Wilms D, Wegmann T, Longenecker M. The identification, isolation and characterization of a 67-kilodalton, PNA-reactive autoantigen commonly express in human adenocarcinomas. Anticancer Res. 14, 1233–1246 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanevsky VY, Pozdnyakova LP, Aksenova OA, Severn SE, Karakov VY, Severn ES. Isolation and characterization of AFP-binding proteins from tumor and tumor and fetal tissues. Biochem. Mol Biol. 41, 1643–1151 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• •Interesting report characterizing the AFP receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Esteban C, Trojan J, Macho A, Mishal Z, Lafarge-Frayssinet CH, Uriel J. Activation of an AFP/receptor pathway in human normal and malignant peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Leukemia 7, 1807–1816 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Uriel J, Torres JM, Anel A. Carrier protein- mediated enhancement of fatty acids transfer into human T-lymphocytes. Biochim Biophys. Acta 1220, 231–240 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Torres JM, Anel A, Uriel J. AFP-mediated uptake of fatty acids by humanT- lymphocytes.Physiol 150, 456–462(1992).
   Google Scholar
• Torres JM, Laborda J, Naval J, Darracq N, Mishal Z, Uriel J. Expression of a-fetoprotein receptors by human T-lymphocytes during blastic transformation. Md. Immunol 26, 851–857 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geuskens M, Torres JM, Esteban C, Uriel J. Morphological characterization of the pathway of endocytosis and intracellular processing of transferring and a-fetoprotein in human T-lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Eur J. Cell Biol. 418–427 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Kim EE, Deland FH, Goldenberg DM et al., Radio-immunodetection of cancer with radiolabeled antibodies to a-fetoprotein. Cancer Res. 40, 3008–3012 (1980).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •One of the early reports of antiAFP tumor imaging.
   Google Scholar
• Kaji, T, Ishu N, Nakamuia S, Tsukada Y, Nishi S, Hirai H. Localization of radioiodinated antibody to AFP in hepatoma transplanted in rats and a case report of AFP antibody treatment of a hepatoma patient. Cancer Res. 40, 3013–3015 (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Amato R, Kim EE, Prow D, Andreopoulos D, Kasai LP Radioimmunodetection of residual, recurrant, or metastatic germ cell tumors using technetium-99 antiAFP Fab fragment. J. Clin. Res. Clin. Oncol 126, 161–167 (2000) .
   Google Scholar
• Uriel J, Villacampa MJ, Moro R, Naval J, Failly-Crepin C. Uptake of rediolabeled a-fetoprotein by mouse mammary carcinomas and its usefulness in tumor scintigraphy. Cancer Res. 44, 5314–5319 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• Moro R, Heuguerat C, Vercelli-Retta J, Fielitz W Lopez JJ, Roca R. The use of radioiodinated a-fetoprotein for the sintigraphic detection of mouse mammary carcinomas. Nucl. Med. COMM1117. 5,5-12 (1984).
   Google Scholar
• Line BR, Epstein MD, Mizejewski GJ. Medical potential of AFP as a tumor imaging agent. In: Biological Activities ofcc-fetoproteln Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI (Frls) Florida, FL, USA 2, 139–147 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Moro R The AFP receptor-A widespread oncofetal antigen. In: Biological Activities of a-fetoprotein. Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI (Frls) Florida, FL, USA, 119–127 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Line BR, Feustel PJ, Festin SM et al. Scintigraphic detection of breast cancer xenografts with Tc-99m natural and recombinant human a-fetoprotein. Cancer Bother. Ratliopharm 14, 485–494 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• •Practical paper describing the use of human AFP as an imaging agent.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Allen RP Immunotherapeutic suppression in transplantable solid tumors. Nature 250, 50–52 (1974).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••First report of therapeutic use of AFP incancer.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Dillon WR. Immunobiologic studies in hepatoma-bearing mice passively immunized to a-fetoprotein. Arch. Immunol Exptl Therap. 27, 655–662 (1979).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •First report of serological/ histopathological effects of antiAFP.
   Google Scholar
• Allen RP, Mizejewski, GJ. Isolation and characterization of a-fetoprotein from the murine hepatoma BW7756. Biochem Biophys. Acts. 491, 242 (1977).
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Simon, P. Vonnegut M. Purification of a-fetoprotein from mouse amniotic fluid by gel-entrapped antibody filtration. Immuna 114th. 31, 333 (1979).
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Vonnegut M, Simon R. Estradiol affmity chromatography: application to purification of murine a-fetoprotein. I Chrom. 202, 113 (1980).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Young SR, Allen RP. a-fetoprotein: effect of heterologous antiserum on hepatoma cells in vitro. Natl Cancer Inst. 54, 1361–1367 (1975).
   Google Scholar
• •First report to demonstrate the cytotoxic activity of AntiAFP.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Allen RP. a-fetoprotein: studies of tumor associated antigen cytotoxicity in mouse hepatoma BW7756. Clin. Immunol Immunopathol 11, 307–317 (1978).
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard HW, Sell S, Trefts P, Bahn R Effects of AFP on murine immune responses. I. Studies on mice. I Immunol 119, 91–97 (1977).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gousev Al, Yazova AK. Termination of natural tolerance to a-fetoprotein in rats: Its effect on hepatoma growth and course of pregnancy. In: a- feto-protein. Massenyeff R (Eds) INSERM, Paris, France, 255 (1974).
   Google Scholar
• Severin SE, Moskaleva EY, Shmyrev IT et al. AFP-mediated targeting of anticancer drugs to tumor cells in vitro. Biochem. Mol Biol. Intl 37, 385–392, (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Seminal paper on the use of AFP-drugcondugates against cancer.
   Google Scholar
• Moskaleva EY, Posypanova GA, Shmyren IT et al. AFP-mediated targeting: a new strategy to overcome multi-drug resistance of tumor cells in vitra Cell. Biol bit/21, 793–799 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Severin SE, Posypanova GA, Katukov VY et al Antitumor activity of conjugates of the oncofetal protein AFP and phthalocyanines in vitra Biochem. Md. Biol hid 43, 1081–1089 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Severin SE, Moskaleva EY, Posypanova GA et al. In vivo antitumor activity of cytotoxic drugs conjugated with human AFP. Tumor Targeting 2, 299–306, (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Sotnichenko AI, Severin SE, Posypanova GA et al. Water soluble 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin complex with human AFP: properties, toxicity in vivo and antitumor activity in vivo. FEBS Lett. 450, 49–51 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lutsenko SV, Feldmen NB, Finakova GV et al Antitumor activity of a-fetoprotein and epidermal growth factor conjugates in vitro and in vivo. Tumor Biol 21, 367–374 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Savitsky AA, Gukasova NV, Severin SE et al. Cytotoxic action of conjugates of a- fetoprotein and epidermal growth factor with photoheme, chlorines and pthalocyanines. Biochem. 65, 732–736 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beluskina NN, Severin SE. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis pathology. Arkhiv Pathologii. 63, 51–60 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Severin SE, Posypanova GA, Sotnichenko AI, Severin ES, Petrov RV. Antitumor activity of a conjugate of endiyne antibiotic esperamicin-A(b) with human a-fetoprotein. Doklady Akademii Nauk 366, 561–564 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Feldman NB, Kiselev SM, Severin SE. Antitumor activity of AFP conjugate with doxorubicin in vitm and in viva Biochem 65, 967–971 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin NME, Castles JJ, Makishima R Accelerated plasmacytoma formation in mice treated with a-fetoprotein. I Nail Cancer Inst. 64, 145–149 (1980).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Early paper describing tumor-growth promoting properties of AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ. Immunologic prospects for mammalian a-fetoprotein. C/in. Immunol Newsletter 2, 37–39 (1981).
   Google Scholar
• Gershwin ME et al. The influence of a-fetoprotein on Moloney sarcoma virus oncogenesis: evidence for generation of antigen nonspecific suppressor T cells. J. Immunol 121, 2292–2298 (1978).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang XW, Xie H. Stimulation of tumor cell growth by a-fetoprotein. Intl J. Cancer 75, 596–599 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •More recent paper showing AFP can stimulate tumor growth.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson HI, Bennett JA, Mizejewski GJ. Inhibition of estrogen-dependent breast cancer growth by a reaction product of a-fetoprotein and estradiol. Cancer Res. 50, 415–420 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• ••Important paper describing tumorinhibition by AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Butterstein GM, Mizejewski GJ. a-fetoprotein inhibits frog metamorphosis: implications for protein motif conservation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol 124A, 39–45 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• •First report of a physiological effect of HAFP in lower vertebrates.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Warner AS. a-fetoprotein can regulate growth in the immature and adult hyophysectomized mouse uterus. Rep-0d. Fertil 85, 177–185 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Keenan, JF, Setty RP. Separation of the estrogen-activated growth regulatory forms of a-fetoprotein in mouse amniotic fluid. Biol. Rep-0d. 42, 887–898 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Dudich E, Semenkova L, Gorbatova E et al. Growth-regulative activity of human a-fetoprotein for different types of tumor and normal cells. Tumor Biol 19, 30–40 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Vonnegut M, Jacobson HI. Studies of the intrinsic anti-uterotropic activity of murine a-fetoprotein. Tumor Biol. 7, 19–28 (1986).
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Vonnegut M, Jacobson HI. Estradiol-activated a -fetoprotein suppresses the uterotropic response to estrogens. Pmc. Soc. Natl Acad. Li USA 80, 2733–2737 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• ••First paper that described a ligand-inducedconformation change of AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson HI, Mizejewski GJ. Effect of estradiol-activated a-fetoprotein on the growth of rat mammary tumors. Internatl Assoc. Breast Tumor Res. 34 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• ••Discovery of the cancer growth-inhibitory property of the AFP molecule itself.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI. a-fetoprotein is a dual regulator of growth in estrogen responsive tissues. In: Biological Activities of a-Fetoprotein. Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI (Eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, FL, USA, 1. 71–82 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Leffert HI, Sell S. a-fetoprotein biosynthesis during the growth cycle of differentiated fetal rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer culture. I Cell Biol. 61, 823–829 (1974).
   Google Scholar
• Toder V, Bland, M, old-Gefter L, Nebel J. The effect of a-fetoprotein on the growth of placental cells in vitro. Placenta 4, 79–86 (1983).
   Google Scholar
• •One of the early reports of the AFP growth stimulatory property
   Google Scholar
• Hamel S, Hoskin DW, Hooper DC, Murgita RA. Phenotype and function of bone marrow-derived T and non-T cells activated in vitro by a-fetoprotein. In: Biological Activities ofa-fetoprotein. Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI (Frls). CRC Press, FL, USA, 1, 167–177 (1987).
   Google Scholar
• Leal JA, May JV, Keel BA. Human a-fetoprotein enhances epidermal growth factor proliferation activity upon porcine granulosal cells in monolayer culture. Endocrinology 126, 669–671 (1980).
   Google Scholar
• Keel BA, Eddy KB, Cho S, May JV. Synergistic action of purified a-fetoprotein and growth factors on the proliferation of porcine granulosa cells in monolayer culture. Endocrinology129, 217–225 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennett JA, Mizejewski GJ, Allen SHG, Zhu SJ, Jacobson HI. Transformation of apha-fetoprotein to a negative regulator of estrogen-dependent growth by ligands of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. 18th International Congress, J Cancer Res. Clin. amyl 34, 244 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Goncharova 0, Dudich E, Semenkova L, Gorbatova E, Dudich I. Synergy of a-fetoprotein and estradiol in suppression of tumor cell growth. Tumor Biol. 20, 42–44 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Semenkova LN, Dudich El, Dudich IV, Shingarova LN and Korobko VG. a-fetoprotein as a TNF-resistance factor for human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. Tumor Biol 18, 30–40, (1997).
   Google Scholar
• •AFP coating of tumor cells to prevent cell death.
   Google Scholar
• Semenkova LN, Dudich El, Dudich IV. a-fetoprotein-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma cells. Tumor Biol. 19, 261–274 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• ••Seminal report of AFP-induced apoptosis.
   Google Scholar
• Semenkova LN, Dudich El, Dudich IV. AFP-mediated apoptosis is realised via Ca2+ and tyrosine-kinase independent pathways and do not require protein and RNA synthesis. Tumor Biol. 19 (S2), 26 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Semenkova LN, Dudich El, Khromikh LM, Gorbatova EA. Abrogation of a-fetoprotein-induced apoptosis in tumor cells by endogenous exogenous IL-2. Eur Cytokine Network 9, 448 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Dudich I, Dudich E, Semenkova LN, Gorbatova EA, Shingarova L, Korobko V. Comparative study of the biological activity of TNF-R55and TNF-R75-selective TNF-a mutants using various types of tumor cell lines. Eur. Cytokine Network 9, 489 (1998) .
   Google Scholar
• Dudich E, Seminkova L, Gorbatova E, Dudich I, Shingarova L, Korobko V. a-fetoprotein-induced apoptosis in tumor cells is differentially modulated by RNFR55 and TNF-R75-dependent signaling. Eur. Cytokine Network 9, 488, (1988).
   Google Scholar
• Dudich El, Seminkova LN, Dudich IV et al. a-fetoprotein causes apoptosis in tumor cells via activation of caspase-3 and bypasses fas-and TNF-R1-dependent signaling. Eur. I Biochem. 266, 750–761 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• ••Important paper describing the requirement of caspase-3 for AFP-induced cell death.
   Google Scholar
• Dudich E, Semenkova L, Gorbatova E, Dudich I. Targeting modulation of the TNF-induced apoptosis in tumor cells by human a-fetoprotein: new approach for anticancer therapy. J Interfemn Cytokine Res. 19, 1140 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Festin, SM, Bennett JA, Fletcher PW, Jacobson HI, Shaye DD, Andersen IT The recombinant third domain of human a-fetoprotein retains the anti-estrotrophic activity found in the full length molecule. Biochem. Biophys Acta 24789, 307–314 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Dias JA, Hauer CR, Henrikson KP, Gierthy J. a-fetoprotein derived synthetic peptides: Assay of an estrogen-modifying regulatory segment. Md. Cell Endocrinol 118, 15–23 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• ••First report employing biologically activeAFP-derived peptides.
   Google Scholar
• Vakharia D, Mizejewski GJ. Human a-fetoprotein peptides bind estrogen receptor and estradiol and suppress breast cancer.
   Google Scholar
• ••First report to demonstrate an AFPpeptide binding the estrogen receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett JA, Zhu S, Pogano-Mirachi A, Kellom TA, Jacobson HI. AFP derived from a human hepatoma, prevents growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer xenografts. Clin. Cancer Res. 4, 2877–2884 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Deutsch HF, Taniguchi N, Evenson MA. Isolation and properties of human AFP from Hep G2 cell cultures. Tumor Biol. 211, 267–277 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI. Stability of the complex formation between estrogen and a-fetoprotein. Fed. Proceed 41, 1495 (1982).
   Google Scholar
• •Early report describing a constantly changing estrogen-binding site on AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Hsourigui M, Thabie N, Martin ME, Benassayag C, Nunez EA. In vivo transient rise in plasma free fatty acids alters the functional properties of a-fetoprotein. Biochim Biophys. Acta 1125, 157–165 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ. An apparent dimerization motif in the third domain of a-fetoprotein: molecular mimicry of the steroid/thyroid nuclear receptor superfamily. Bioessays 15, 427–432 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ. a-fetoprotein binding proteins: Implications for transmembrane passage and subcellular localization. Life Sciences 56, 1–9 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• •One of the first review of AFP-binding proteins.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ. Role of integrins in cancer: survey of expression patterns. Pros. Soc. Exptl Biol Med. 222, 124–138 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seal W Hanstein B, Brown M, Moore DD. Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP (short heterodimer partner). Md. Endocrinol 12, 1551–1557 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Resnick EM, Schreihofer DA, Periasamy A, Shupnik, MA. Truncated estrogen receptor product-1suppresses estrogen receptor transactivation by dimerization with estrogen receptors a and I. J Biol. Chem. 275, 7158–7166 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Chou JY, Savitz AJ. AFP synthesis in transformed fet al rat liver cells. Biochem Biophys. J. Commun. 135, 844–851 (1986).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chou JY, Ito F, Evans G, Chiu FJ, Feldman M. a-fetoprotein biosynthesis and hepatocellular differentiation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 108, 1524–1530 (1982).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Key paper describing genetic variants of AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Lemire JM, Fausto N. Multiple a-fetoprotein RNAs in adult rat liver: cell type-specific expression and differential regulation. Cancer Res. 51, 4656–4664 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL. Cell cycle control by steroid hormones. Semin. Cancer Biol 5, 381–389 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lobenhofer EK, Huper G, Inglehart JD, Marks JR Inhibition of Mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in MCF-7cells prevents estrogen-induced mitogenesis. Cell. Growth Diff 11, 99–110 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Endoh H, Sasaki H, Maruyama K et al. Rapid activation of MAPK by estrogen in a bone cell line. Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 235, 99–102 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsushime H, Quelle DE, Shurtleff SA et D-type cyclin-dependent kinase activity in mammalian cells. Md. Cell Biol. 14, 2066–2076 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Devi LA, Heterodimerization of G-protein coupled receptors: pharmacology, signaling and trafficking. Trend Pharmacol Sc]. 22, 532–537 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Interesting report of G-receptor heterodimedzation.
   Google Scholar
• Milligan G, White JH. Protein-protein interactions at G-protein coupled receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sc]. 22, 513–518 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Marinissen MJ, Gutkind JS, G-protein coupled receptors and signaling networks: emerging paradigms. Trend s Pharm. Sci. 22, 368–376 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLatchie LM. Ramps regulate the transport and ligand specificity of the calcitonin receptor-like receptor. Nature 393, 333–339 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Interesting report on RAMP proteins.
   Google Scholar
• Foorcli SM, Marshall FH. Ramps, accessory proteins for seven transmembrane domain receptors. Trent Pharm. Sci. 20, 184–187 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lefkowitz RJ. The superfamily of heptahelical receptors. Nature Cell. Biol. 2, E133–E136 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Important review by one of the keyinvestigators of G-protein receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Katragadda M, Chapra A, Bennett M et al. Structures of the transmembrane helices of the G-protein coupled receptor, rhodopsin. J. Rep. Res. 58, 79–89 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Bochaert J, Pin JR Molecular tinkering of G-protein coupled receptors: an evolutionary success. EMI30 18, 1723–1729 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Banemann M, Hosey M. G-protein coupled receptor kinases as modulators of G-protein signaling. J. Physiology517, 5–23 (1999)
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Freedman NJ, Lefkowitz RJ. Desensitiziton of G-protein coupled receptors. Rec. Progr. Cancer Res. 51, 319–351 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Key paper needed to undersanddesensitization.
   Google Scholar
• Clark RB, Knoll BJ, Barber R Partial agonists and G-protein coupled receptor desensitization. Trent Pharmacol Sci. 20, 279–286 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McNiven MA, Cao H, Pitts KR, Yoon Y. The dynamin family of mechanoenzymes: Pinching in new places. Wends Biol. Sc]. 25, 115–120 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Good review on the dyamin family of enzymes.
   Google Scholar
• Oakley RH, Laporte SA, Holt JA, Barak S, Caron MG. Association of B-arrestin with G Protein-coupled receptors during dathrin-mediated endocytosis dictates the profile of receptor resensitization. j Biol. Chem. 274, 32248–32257 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• •Interesting paper toward understanding arrestins.
   Google Scholar
• Krupnick JG, Goodman OB, Keen JH, Benovic JL. Arrestin/Clathrin interaction localimtion of the dathrin binding domain of nonvisual arrestins to the carboxyl terminus. Bid. Chem. 272, 15011–15016 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Freissmuth M, Waldheer M, Bofill-Cardona E, Nanoff C. G-protein antagonists. Trend Pharmacol Sci. 20, 237–244 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghanouni P, Gryczynski Z, Steenhuis JJ et al. Functionally different agonist induce district conformations in the G-protein coupling domain of the 132-adrenergic receptor.. Biol. Chem. 276, 24433–24436 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Powell KJ, Ma W. Sutak M. et al. Blockade and reversal of spinal morphine tolerance by peptide and non-peptide calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists. Bcj Pharmacol 131, 875–884 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• •Well-documented study of receptor-blockade.
   Google Scholar
• Bruns CJ, Salarzano CC, Harbison MT et al. Blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling by a novel tryrosine kinase inhibitor. Cancer Res. 60, 2925–2935 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Bockaert J, Pin JP. Molecular tinkering of G-protein coupled receptors: an evolutionary success. EMI301 18, 1723–1729 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Rallesteros JA, Shi L, Javitch JA. Structural mimicry in G-protein coupled receptors: Implications of the high resultion structure of rhodopin for structure function analysis of receptors. Mol. Phannacol. 60, 1–19 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Menon ST, Han M, Sakmar TE Rhodopsin: structural basis of molecular physiology. Physiol Rev 81, 1659–1681 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Solid review toward understanding rhodopsin.
   Google Scholar
• Tokita K, Katsuno T, Hocart SJ et al. Molecular basis for selectiority of high affinity peptide antagonist for the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor.' Biol Chem. 276, 36652–36663 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Ballesteros JA, Jensen AD, Liapakis G et al. Activation of the 132-adrenergic receptor involves disruption of an ionic lock between the cytoplasmic ends of transmembrane segments 3and 6. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 29171–29177 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Ghanouni P, Grycznski Z, Steenhuis JJ et al. Functionally different agonists induce distinct conformations in the G-protein coupling domain. J. Biol. Chem 276, 24433–24436 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloch W Fan Y, Han J et al. Disruption of cytoskelet al integrity impairs Gi-mediated signaling due to displacement of Gi proteins. Cell. Biol. 154, 753–761 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Describes the link between the cytoskeleton and G-signaling.
   Google Scholar
• Lin CT, Wu HC, Cheng HF et al. Identification of 13 -subunit of GTP-Binding regulatory protein in mitotic spindle. Lab. Invest. 67, 770–778 (1992).
   Google Scholar
• Druey KM, Blumer KJ, Kang VM, Kehri JH. Inhibition of G-protein-mediated MAPK activation by a new mammalian gene family. Nature 379, 742–746 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reif K, Cyster JG. RGS molecule expression in murine I3-lymphocytes and ability to downregulate chemotoxis to lymphoic chemokines. j Immunol. 164, 4720–4729 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berman DM, Gilman AG. Mammalian RGS proteins: barbarians at the gate. Biol. Chem. 273, 1269–1272 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• •Solid but brief review of RGS-proteins.
   Google Scholar
• Zhong H, Neubig RR Regulator of G protein signaling proteins: novel multifunctional drug targets. J. Pharmacol Exptl Therapy297, 837–845 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi CS, Lee SB, Sinnarajah S et al Regulator of G-protein signaling 3 (RGS3) inhibits GI3fy2 -induced inositol phosphate production, mitogen activated protein kinase activation and Akt activation. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 24293–24300 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Helper JR. Emerging roles for RGS proteins in cell signaling. Trent Pharmacol Li. 20, 376–382 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Clear review of G-regulatory proteins.
   Google Scholar
• Chase DL, Patikoglous GA, Koelle MR. Two RGS proteins that inhibit Gao and Gag signaling in neurons require GB5subuit for function. CUIT: Biol. 11, 222–231 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Scheschonka A, Dessauer CVV, Sinnarajah S et al RGS-3 is a GTPase activating protein for Gal and Ga and a patent inhibitor of signaling by GTPase-deficient forms of Gaq and Gall. Mol Phannacol 58, 719–728 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelb MET. Protein prenylation, et cetera: signal transduction in two dimensions. Science 275, 1750–1751 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Key paper toward understanding prenylation.
   Google Scholar
• Gotoh T, Tian X, Feig LA. Prenylation of target GTPases contributes to signaling specificity of Ras-Guanidine nucleotide exchange factors. J. Biol Chem. 276, 38029–38035 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Tu Y, Woodson J, Ross EM. Binding of regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins to phospholipid bilayers. j Biol Chem. 276, 20160–20166 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Inglese J, Koch WJ, Caron MG, Lefkowitz RJ. Isoprenylation in regulation of signal transduction by G-protein coupled receptor kinases. Nature 359, 147–150 (1992) .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ••Solid paper explaining prenylation and G-signaling.
   Google Scholar
• Hawtin SR, Tobin AB, Patel S, Wheatley M. Palmitoylation of the vassopressin Via receptor reveals different conformational requirements for signaling, agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation and sequestiation. j Biol. Chem 276, 38139–38146 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fenton JW, Shen GX, Minnear FD et al, Statin drugs and dietary isoprenoids as antithrombotic agents. Hematol °heal Gila N. Am. 14, 483–489 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• •Excellent comment paper on statins and isoprenoids.
   Google Scholar
• Fenton JW, Shen GX. Statins as cellular thromatics. Haemostasis29, 166–169 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Moreno R, Moreda W Copado MA. Rodriguez-Burgos A. Detection of squalene in a-fetoprotein and fet al serum albumin from bovine. J. Protein Chem. 20, 19–23 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• •First report linking squalene to AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Chen H, Egan Jo, Chiu JE Regulation and activities of a-fetoprotein. Grit. Rev Eukary Gene Exp. 7, 11–41 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarevich NL. Molecular mechanisms of a-fetoprotein gene expression. Biochim 65, 117–133 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Matsumura M, Shiratori Y, Niwa Y, Tanaka T, Ogura K. Presence of a-fetoprotein mRNA in blood correlates with outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 31, 332–339 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Ido A, Ishilkawa H, Wakata K, Eguchi K. Gene therapy for hepatoma cells using a retrovirus vector carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene under the control of the AFP gene promoter. Cancer Res. 55, 3105–3109 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Good exposure paper on AFP gene therapy.
   Google Scholar
• Ishilkawa H, Nakata K, Nawatari F, Uelci T Utilization of variant-type of human AFP promoter in gene therapy targeting for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene Therapy 6, 465–470 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang XW, Xie H. Growth inhibition of human liver cancer cells by a-fetoprotein antisense strategy. Cell. Dev Biol. 35, 118–119 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Vollmer CM, Eilber FC, Butterfield LH, Ribas A. Economou JS. a-fetoprotein-specific genetic immunotherapy for heptocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 59, 3064–3067 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butterfield LH, Koh A, Meng W, Vollmer CM, Economou JS. Generation of human t-cell responses to an HLA-A2.1-restricted peptide epitope derived from a-fetoprotein. Cancer Res. 59, 3134–3142 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• ••Excellent report on T-cell responses toAFP.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson SM, Butterfield LH, Ribas A et al. Pine specificity analysis of an HLA-A2.1restricted immunodominant T-cell eptitope derived from human a-fetoprotein. Md. Immunol. 37, 943–950 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Butterfield LH, Wilson SM, Koh A et al T-cell responses to HLA-A-0201restricted peptides derived from human a-fetoprotein Immunol 166, 5300–5308 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• •Key paper describing HLA peptides derived from AFP.
   Google Scholar
• Chou WC, Liao KW Lo YC, Jiang SY, Yeh MY, Roffler SR. Expression of chimeric monomer and dinner proteins on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Biotech. Bioengineer 65, 160–169 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan YJ, Pan T, Wang L, Locker J, Wu TC. T-cisretinoic acid is more effective than all-trans-retinoic acid in upregulating expression of the AFP gene. J. Md. Endocrinol 14, 101–108 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Bois-Joyeux B, Denissenko M, Thomassin H et al The c-jun proto-oncogene downregulates the rat AFP promoter in HepG2hepatoma cells without binding to DNA. J. Biol. CI-Em 270, 10204–10211, (1995).
   Google Scholar
• Thomassin H, Bois-Joyeux B, Delille R, Ikonomova R, Danan JL. Coup-transcription factor, hepatocyte nuclear factor-3and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein control the far-upstream enhancer of the rat a-fetoprotein gene. DNA Cell. Biol. 15, 1063–1074 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Ido A, Uto H, Moriuchi A, Nagata K, Onago Y. Gene therapy targeting for hepatocellular carcinoma: Selective and enhanced suicide gene expression regulated by a hypoxia-inducible enhancer linked to human a-fetoprotein promoter. Cancer Res. 61, 3016–3021 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galarneu L, Par JF, Allard D et a/. The AFP locus is activated by a nuclear receptor of the Drosophila FTZ-Fl family. Md. Cell. Biol 16, 3853–3865 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• •Excellent paper on the AFP link to the Ftz receptor.
   Google Scholar
• Richardson BE, Hulka BS, David Peck JL et al. Levels of maternal serum a-fetoprotein (AFP) in pregnant women and subsequent breast cancer risk. Am. J. Epidemiol 148, 719–727 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• ••First paper to document a link betweenAFP and breast cancer protection as a result of pregnancy
   Google Scholar
• Melbye M, Wohlfahrt J, Lei U et al, a-fetoprotein levels in maternal serum during pregnancy and maternal breast cancer incidence. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 92, 1001–1005 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Janerich DT. Familial associations between birth defects and cancer. Am J. 43idemol. 102, 456–457 (1975).
   Google Scholar
• •Early report linking AFP, cancer and birth defects.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson HI, Janerich DT Pregnancy altered breast cancer risk: mediated by maternal serum AFP? In; Biological Activities of AFI?Mizejewski GJ, Jacobson HI (Eds). CRC Press, FL, USA, 2, 93–100 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Jaccobson HI, Thompson WD, Janerich DT Multiple births and maternal risk of breast cancer. Amj 43idem 129, 65–873 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• •Interesting hypothesis of factors related to AFP protection from cancer.
   Google Scholar
• Thompson WD, Jacobson HI, Negrini B. Hypertension and risk of breast cancer. Natl Cancer Inst. 81, 1571–1574 (1989).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisle L, Mesfin F, Bennett J, MacColl R, Mizejewski G. Studies on a growth-inhibitory peptide derived from AFP and some analogs. I liptide Res. 57,29–38 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Browder T, Folkman, J, Pirie-Sheperd S. The hemostatic system as a regulator of
   Google Scholar
• Wen W Moses MA, Wiederschain D, Arbizer JL, Folkman J. The generation of The value of tumor markers in testicular seminomas. Results of a prospective multicenter study. Europ. Um]. 32(1), 16–22 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Kanazawa R, Kogure K, Kominami S, Kobayashi S, Teramoto A. Ependymal cyst producing a-fetoprotein. Case report. J. Neurosurgery93(4), 682–685 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Nakashima H, Nagafuchi K, Satoh H et al. Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder. J. Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surg. 7(2), 226–230 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eriguchi N, Aoyagi S, Hara M et al Large acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas in a patient with elevated serum AFP level. Hepato-Biliary-Pancmatic Surg 7(2), 222–225 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Amemiya H, Kono K, Mori Y et al. High frequency of c-Met expression in gastric cancers producing a-fetoprotein. Oncology 59(2), 145–151 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kure M, Mizokami Y, Shiraishi T et al. A case of clear cell carcinoma of the hepatic bile duct with production of a-fetoprotein (AFP) . Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi — Japanese' Gastroenterol 97(7), 936–940 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mouko A. Moukassa D, Leroy X et al Early isosexual precocious pseudopuberty revealing a juvenile granulose cell tumor in a 3-year-old Congolese girl. Ann. de Pathologie 20 (3), 245–248 (2000) .
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald N, Chudley AE. Fet al hepatic haemangioendothelioma: a new association with elevated maternal serum a- fetorprotein. Prenatal Diagnosis 20 (5), 432–
   Google Scholar
• Kitano Y. Ruchelli E. Weiner S, Adzick NS. Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma associated with mesenchymal stem villous hyperplasia of the placenta. Fet al DMgrr. Ther. 15(3), 134–138 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Shintaku M. Kariya M. Shime H, Ishikura H. Adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix with choriocarciomatous and hepatoid differentiation: report of a case. Internatl I Gynecological Pathol 19(2), 174–178 (2000). Tsujikawa T, Tsukamoto H, Itoh A et al Meningitis carcinomatosa originating from an a fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer. Internal Med. 39(3), 223–227 (2000). Interesting case report of elevated AFP levels related to brain tumors.
   Google Scholar
• Giustozzi G, Coracci G, Bufalari A et al Hepatoid Carcinoma of the stomach: is it still an unusual anatomo-clinical entity? Six cases-report. J. Experimental Clin. Cancer Res. 18(4), 571–573 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Rebischung C. Pautier P, Morice P, Lhomme C. Duvillard P a-fetoprotein production by a malignant mixed Mullerian tumor of the ovary. Gynecologic Oncol. 77(1), 203–205 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schneider DT, Calaminus G, Reinhard H et al. Primary-mediastinal germ cell tumors in children and adolescents: results of the German co-operative protocols. J. Clin. arca 18(4), 832–839 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Shimakawa T. Ogawa K. Naritaka Y et a/. a-fetoprotein producing Barrett's esophageal adenocarcinoma: a case report. Anticancer Researrh 19(5C), 4369–4373 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Heny MA. Bouvier R. Ranchere D et al. Case report: a preterm infant with an extradural myxopapillary ependymoma component of a teratoma and high levels of a-fetoprotein. Pediatric Hematol arca 15(5), 437–441 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kise H, Kanda H, Hayashi N, Anima K, Yanagawa M, Kawamura J. a-fetoprotein producing urachal tumor. J. Urol. 163(2), 547 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sata W Kato K, Takahashi M, Yamada D, Midorigawa S, Watanabe T Nozawa Y Abe M. Kitsunai H. Case of a-fetoprotein-producing cancer of the ascending colon with invasion of the superior mesenteric vein and portal system. Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. J. Japanese Soc. Inter. Med. 88(11), 2242–2244, (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Tsuchida Y Ikeda H. Suzuki Net al. A case of well-differentiated, fet al-type hepatoblastoma with very low serum a-fetoprotein. J. Pediatric Surg. 34 (12), 1762–1764 (1999). Unusual case of low AFP level in hepatoblastoma.
   Google Scholar
• Tanno S. Obara T. Fuji], T et al. a-fetoprotein-producing adenocarcinoma of the pancreas presenting focal hepatoid differentiation. International Pancreatology26(1), 43–47 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Nishioka H, Ito H, Haraoka J, Akada K. Immature teratoma originating from the pituitary gland: case report. Neurosurgery 44(3), 644–647(1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ushio Y, Kochi M, Kuratsu J, Itoyama Y, Marubayashi T Preliminary observations for a new treatment in children with primary intracranial yolk sac tumor or embryonal carcinoma. Report of five cases. Neumsurgery90(1), (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Tsuji M, Kashihara T, Terada N, Mori H. An immunohistochemical stud of hepatic atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma with a-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins 18and 19. Pathol International 49(4), 310–317 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Kato T, Inoue K, Nishiyama N et al. Resected case of synchronous double cancer of lung and ovarium. Kyobu Geka - Japanesej Thoracic Surg. 52(5), 416–418 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Hirota F, Hosaka K, Funahashi K et al Effective treatment of AFP-producing lung cancer with UFT. Japanesej Cancer Chema 26(3), 381–394 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• St Laurent M, Esterl PM Jr, Halff GA, Speeg KV. Gallbladder carcinoma producing a-fetoprotein. j Clin. Gastroenterol 28(2), 155–158 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Geissler M, Mohr L, Weth R. Immunotherapy directed against a-fetoprotein results in autoimmune liver disease during liver regeneration in mice. Gastroenterology 121,931–939 (2001) .
   Google Scholar
• •Important paper outlining an autoimmune risk of AFP immunotherapy.
   Google Scholar
• Dudich I, Tokhtamysheva N, Semenkova L, Dudich E, Hellman J, Korpela T Isolation and structural and functional characterization of the two stable peptide fragments of human a-fetoprotein. Biochemistry38, 10406–10414, (1999). Key paper in understanding the mechanism of action of AFP in apoptosis.
   Google Scholar
• Shi Y. Mechanisms of caspase activation and inhibition during apoptosis. Md. Cell 9,459–470, (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacColl R, Eisele LE, Stack RF et al. Interrelationships among secondary structure and met al ion binding for a chemically synthesized 34-amino acid peptide derived from a-fetoprotein.
   Google Scholar
• Mizejewski GJ Peptides as receptor ligand drugs and their relationship to G-coupled signal transduction. Expert Opin. Investig Drugs10, 1063–1073 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Eisele LE, Mesfin FB, Bennett JA et al. Studies on analogs of a peptide derived from a-fetoprotein having antigrowth properties.' Peptide Res. 57, 539–546 (2001).
   Google Scholar