Prospects for colorectal cancer treatment: oral chemotherapy and targeted biotherapy

References

• Advanced Colorectal Cancer Meta-Analysis Project. Modulation of fluorouracil by leucovorin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer: evidence in terms of response rate. J: Clin. Once]. 10,896–903 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meta-analysis Group in Cancer. Efficacy of intravenous continuous infusion of fluorouracil compared with bolus administration in advanced colorectal cancer. J: Clin. Once]. 13,301–308 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• de Gramont A, Bosset JF, Milan C etal Randomized trial comparing monthly low-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus with bimonthly high-dose leucovorin and fluorouracil bolus plus continuous infusion for advanced colorectal cancer: a French intergroup study.j Clin. Once]. 15,808–815 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •The bimonthly regimen was less toxic than the monthly regimen with an increase in median progression-free survival. However, there was no evidence of increased survival.
   Google Scholar
• Hsiang Y-H, Liu LE Identification of mammalian DNA topoisomerase I as an intracellular target of the anticancer drug camptothecin. Cancer Res. 48,1722–1726 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham D, Pyrhonen S, James RD etal Randomised trial of irinotecan plus supportive care versus supportive care alone after fluorouracil failure for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 352, 1413–1418 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Irinotecan was superior to best supportive care after 5-fluorouracil (5-Hi) failure with 36.2% 1-year survival in the irinotecan group versus 13.8% in the supportive care group.
   Google Scholar
• Rougier P, Van Cutsem E, Bajetta E et al Randomised trial of irinotecan versus fluorouracil by continuous infusion after fluorouracil failure in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet 352, 1407–1412 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Irinotecan was superior to continuous 5-FUinfusion after 5-FU failure, providing increased median survival of 8.5-10.8 months = 0.035).
   Google Scholar
• Pozzo C, Pyrhönen S, Bodrogi I etal. A randomised Phase II trial assessing irinotecan (IRI) and 5FU/folinic acid (LV), Mayo regimen, in first-line palliative chemotherapy patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). Eur. j Cancer 35 (Suppl. 4), S70 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Saltz LB, Cox JV, Blanke C etal. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl. Merl 343,905-914 (2000). Median survival was significantly increased with irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin (14.8 vs. 12.6 months).
   Google Scholar
• Douillard JY, Cunningham D, Roth AD et al Irinotecan combined with fluorouracil compared with fluorouracil alone as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter randomised trial. Lancet 355, 1041–1047 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••As in the Saltz study, median survival wassignificantly increased in both studies (17.4 vs. 14.1 months).
   Google Scholar
• Köhne CH, van Cutsem E, Wits J etal Weekly high dose infusional 5-FU plus folinic acid (FA) with or without irinotecan (IRI) in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): interim safety results of EORTC study 40986. Ann. Once]. 13\(Suppl. 5), 71 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Maiello E, Gebbia V, Giuliani F etal
   Google Scholar
• -fluorouracil and folinic acid with or without irinotecan in advanced colorectal cancer patients: a multicenter randomised Phase II study of the Southern Italy Oncology group. Ann. Oncolll, 1045-1051(2000).
   Google Scholar
• Glimelius B, Ristamaki R, Kjaer M etal. Irinotecan combined with bolus 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid Nordic schedule as first-line therapy in advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Once]. 13, 1868–1873 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Rothenberg ML, Meropol NJ, Poplin EA, Van Cutsem E, Wadler S. Mortality associated with irinotecan plus bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin: summary findings of an independent panel." Gun. Oncol.19, 3801–3807 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Pendyala L, Creaven PJ. hi vitro cytotoxicity, protein binding, red blood cell partitioning and biotransformation of oxaliplatin. Cancer Res. 53, 5970–5976 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raymond E, Buquet-Fagot C, Djelloul CJ etal Antitumoral activity of oxaliplatin in combination with 5-fluorouracil and the thymidase synthase inhibitor AG337 in human colon, breast and ovarian cancers. Anticancer Drugs 8, 876–885 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacchetti S, Perpoint B, Zidani R et al. Phase III multicenter randomized trial of oxaliplatin addition to chronomodulated fluorouracil/leucovorin as first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal. Clin. Once]. 18,136–147 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Gramont A, Figer A, Seymour M et al. Leucovorin and fluorouracil with or without oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol 18,2938–2947 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ••Focuses on the infusional 5-FU/leucovorinplus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX4) regimen and showed an objective response rate of 50.7% (vs. 22.3%, p = 0.0001, with the bolus and infusional 5-FU and leucovorin [LV5FU2] regimen), progression-free survival of 9 months (vs. 6.2 months, p = 0.0003) and not statistically different overall survival (16.2 vs. 14.7 months, p = 0.12).
   Google Scholar
• Tournigand C, Louvet C, Quinaux E et al FOLFIRI followed by FOLFOX versus FOLFOX followed by FOLFIRI in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): final results of a Phase III study. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 20, (2001) (Abstract 494).
   Google Scholar
• ••Trial reached the conclusion that atwo-line bitherapy strategy is suitable for most patients, providing median survival of more than 20 months.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg RM, Morton RF, Sargent DJ et al N9741: oxaliplatin (oxal) or CPT-11 + 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/leucovorin (LV) or oxal + CPT-11 in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). Initial toxicity and response data from a GI intergroup study. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 21,128a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Grothey A, Deschler B, Kroening H etal Phase III study of bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) (Mayo) versus weekly high-dose 24-h 5-FU infusion/FA + oxaliplatin (OXA) (FUFOX) in advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Pox. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 21,129a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Scheithauer W, Komeck GV, Raderer M et al Combined irinotecan and oxaliplatin plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-pretreated colorectal cancer. j Clin. 0=1 17, 902–906 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Scheithauer W, Komek GV, Raderer M et al Randomized multicenter Phase II trial of oxaliplatin plus irinotecan versus raltitrexed as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol 20,165–172 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rougier P, Lepille D, Bennouna J et al Antitumor activity of three second-line treatment combinations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer after optimal 5-FU regimen failure: a randomized, multicenter Phase II study. Ann. 0=1 13, 1558–1567 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Seitz JP, Bennouna J, Paillot B et al Multicenter non-randomized Phase II studyof raltitrexed (Tomudex) and oxaliplatin in non-pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Ann. Oncol 13,1072–1079 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cascinu S, Graziano F, Ferrau F etal Raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin (TOMOX) as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. A Phase II study of the Italian Group for the study of Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas (GISCAD). Ann. 0=1 13,716-720 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Scheithauer W Komek GV, Ulrich-Pur H et al Oxaliplatin plus raltitrexed in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma: results of a Phase I—II trial. Cancer 91,1264–1271 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scheithauer W, Korneck GV, Schuell B etal Second-line treatment with oxaliplatin + raltitrexed in patients with advanced colorectal cancer failing fluoropyrimidine/leucovorin-based chemotherapy. Ann. Oncol 12,709–714 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnaghi C, Rimassa L, Garassino I etal Irinotecan and raltitrexed: an active combination in advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol 13,1424–1429 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoff PM, Ansari R, Batist G etal Comparison of oral capecitabine versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line treatment in 605 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a randomised Phase III study. J. Clin. Oncol 8,2282–2292 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• •Oral capecitabine achieved better objective tumor responses than 5-FU/leucovorin. Time-to-disease progression and survival were at least equivalent. Capecitabine also demonstrated clinically meaningful benefits over bolus 5-FU/leucovorin in terms of tolerability.
   Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem E, Twelves C, Cassidy J etal Oral capecitabine compared with intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: results of a large Phase III study. J. Clin. 0=1 21,4093-4096 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• •The same conclusion as the previous study was reached although objective response rates were not statistically different between oral and intravenous regimens.
   Google Scholar
• Twelves C. Capecitabine as first-line treatment in colorectal cancer. Pooled data from two large, Phase III trials. Eur J. Cancer 38\(Suppl. 2), 15–20 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Douillard JY, Hoff PM, Skillings R etal. Multicenter Phase III study of uracil/tegafur and oral leucovorin versus fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin. Oncol 20,3605–3616 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• •Uracil/tegafur (UFT)/leucovorin provided a safer, more convenient oral alternative to a standard bolus intravenous 5-FU/leucovorin regimen for metastatic colorectal cancer while producing equivalent survival.
   Google Scholar
• Carmichael J, Popiela T, Radstone D etal Randomized comparative study of tegafur/uracil and oral leucovorin versus parenteral fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Clin. Oncol 20,3617–3627 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •Confirms significant safety improvements compared with bolus intravenous 5-FU/leucovorin for the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
   Google Scholar
• Schilsky RL, Levin J, West WH etal Randomized, open-label, Phase III study of a 28-day oral regimen of eniluracil plus fluorouracil versus intravenous fluorouracil plus leucovorin as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic/advanced colorectal cancer. j Clin. Oncol 20, 1519–1526 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Van Cutsem E, Sorensen J, Cassidy J etal. International Phase III study of oral eniluracil (EU) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) versus intravenous 5-FU plus leucovorin (LV) in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Proc. Am Soc. Clin. Oncol 20,131a (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Sakamoto J, Hamada C, Yasutomi M etal. Adjuvant therapy with oral fluorinated pyrimidines after curative resection for colorectal cancer: individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized trials. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 20,147a (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Sastre J, Brunet R, Buits C etal Capecitabine-oxaliplatin combination (XELOX), an effective first-line therapy for patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): survival update of an international Phase II trial. Ann. Oncol 13\(Suppl. 5), 80 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Borner MM, Dietrich D, Stupp R etal. Phase II study of capecitabine and oxaliplatin in first and second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. j Clin. Oncol 20, 1759–1766 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Shields AF, Zalupski MM, Marshall JL etal A Phase II trial of oxaliplatin and capecitabine in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 21,143a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Scheithauer W, Kornek GV, Schmid K etal Preliminary results of a multicenter Phase II trial investigating two schedules of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line treatment in advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol 13\(Suppl. 5), 80 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Scheithauer W, Kornek GV, Raderer M etal. Intermittent weekly high-dose capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin: a Phase VII study in first-line treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. 0=1 10, 1583-1589(2002).
   Google Scholar
• Diaz-Rubio E, Evans TR, Tabemero J et al Capecitabine (Xeloda) in combination with oxaliplatin: a Phase I, dose-escalation study in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Ann. 0=1 13, 558–565 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• DeSantis S, Zeuli M, Di Costanzo A et al Oxaliplatin and capecitabine in advanced colorectal cancer: a dose-finding trial. Proc. Am. Soc. Gun. Oncol 20, 141a (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Evans J, Tabernero J, Cassidy J etal Safety profile and preliminary efficacy of capecitabine in combination with oxaliplatin in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors: results from a Phase I study. Ann. Oncol 11, 51 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Zeuli M, Costanzo ED, Sdrobolini A etal Capecitabine and oxaliplatin in advanced colorectal cancer: a dose-finding study. Ann. Oncol 12, 1737–1741 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kerr DJ, Ten Bokkel Huinink WW Bakker J etal CPT-11 in combination with capecitabine as first line chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC): preliminary results of a Phase VII study. Eur. Cancer 37\(Suppl. 6), 296 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Delord J, Pierga Y, Dieras V etal Dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of capecitabine (Xeloda) and irinotecan (CPT-11) in gastrointestinal tumors: preliminary results. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 21, 100a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Schleucher N, Tewes M, Achterrah W etal Extended Phase I study of capecitabine and weekly irinotecan as first-line chemotherapy metastatic colorectal cancer. Eur. Cancer20, 290 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Bang SM, Cho EK, Oh JH etal Phase II study of irinotecan and capecitabine in first-line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. Oncol 13\(Suppl. 5), 79 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Bajetta E, Cortinovis D, Cassata A etal Activity and safety of capecitabine and irinotecan (CPT-11) in association as first line chemotherapy in advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Eur.j Cancer37\(Suppl. 6), 293 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Grothey A, Jordan K, Kellner 0 etal Randomized Phase II trial of capecitabine plus irinotecan versus capecitabine plus oxaliplatin as first-line therapy of advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC). Ann. Oncol 13\(Suppl. 5), 71 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Pall YZ, Lin Ed, Lasserre Y etal Capecitabine and irinotecan combination in first line metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) patients (pts): initial results of a multicenter Phase II trial. Ann. Oncol 13\(Suppl. 5), 85 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Douillard JY, Seitz JE A Phase I study of oral uracilitegafur (UFT) plus leucovorin (LV) combined with oxaliplatin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 20, 572a (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Hill M, Twelves C, Cunningham D etal A Phase VII study of oral uracilitegafur (UFT) plus leucovorin (LV) combined with irinotecan (CPT-11) in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 19, 1004a (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Sadahiro S, Suzuki T, Ishikawa K etal Phase VII studies of 24-hour irinotecan continuous infusion and oral therapy with uracilitegafur (UFT) for metastatic colorectal cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 21, 97b (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Alonso V, Escudero P, Zorilla M etal Phase I trial of weekly irinotecan combined with UFT as second-line treatment for advanced colorectal cancer. Eur. j Cancer 37, 2385–2391 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escudero MP, Alonso V, Puertolas T etal Weekly irinotecan combined with UFT as first-line treatment of advanced colorectal carcinoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 22, 106b (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Kerbel RS. Clinical trials of anti-angiogenic drugs: opportunities, problems and assessment of initial results. j Clin. Oncol 19, 45s-51s (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Manley PW, Martiny-Baron, G, Schlaeppi etal Therapies directed at vascular endothelial growth factor. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs 12, 1715–1736 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Bergsland E, Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L etal A randomized Phase II trial comparing rhuMAb VEGF (recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial cell growth factor) plus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FU/LV) to FU/LV alone in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 19, 242a (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Giantonio BJ, Levy D, Catalano PJ etal Incorporating angiogenesis inhibition with bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) into frontline chemotherapy with irinotecan (CPT-11), fluorouracil and leucovorin (FU/LV) for advanced colorectal cancer (advCRC): a toxicity analysis of ECOG study E2200. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 126a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Hurwitz H, Fehrenbacher L, Cartwright T etal Bevacizumab (a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor) prolongs survival in first-line colorectal cancer (CRC): results of a Phase III trial of bevacizumab in combination with bolus IFL (irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin) as first-line therapy in subjects with metastatic CRC. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 22 (2003) (Abstract 3646). Bevacizurnab was recognized as the first antiangiogenic therapy able to improve survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
   Google Scholar
• Akilii M, Kindler HL, Gajewski TF etal Toxicities of the angiogenic agent 5U5416 in Phase II studies. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 21, 28b (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Raymond E, Faivre S, Vera K etal First results of a Phase land pharmacokinetic study of 5U011248, a novel oral anti-angiogenic agent, in patients with advanced solid tumors. EurCancer 38\(Suppl. 7), s17 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Saltz L, Meropol NJ, Loehrer PJ etal Single agent IMC-C225 (ErbituxTm) has activity in CPT-11-refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Proc. Arn. Soc. Clin. 0=1 22, 127a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Saltz L, Rubin M, Hochster H etal Cetuximab (IMC-C225) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) is active in CPT-11-refractory colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 21, 3 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Rosenberg AH, Loehrer PJ, Needle MN etal Erbitux (IMC-C225) plus weekly irinotecan (CPT-11), fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin (LV) in colorectal cancer (CRC) that expresses the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 21, 135a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Schoffski P, Lutz MP, Folprecht G etal Cetuximab (C225) plus irinotecan (CPT-11) plus infusional 5-FU-folinic acid (FA) is safe and active in metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) that expresses epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 21, 159a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Cho CD, Fisher GA, Halsey JZ etal A Phase I study of ZD1839 (Iressa) in combination with oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin (LV) in advanced solid malignancies. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. 0=1 22, 10a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Cunningham D, de Gramont A, Scheithauer Wet al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 (ZarnestraTm) in advanced refractory colorectal cancer. Pox. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 21, 126a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• pang CT, Shapiro CL, Hudis CA. Potential role of selective COX-2 inhibitors in cancer management. Oncology16\(Suppl. 4), 30–36 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Steinbach G, Lynch PM, Phillips RIK etal The effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in familial adenomatous polyposis. N Engl. I Merl 342, 1946-1952 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Blanke CD, Benson AB, Dragovich T etal. A Phase II trial of celecoxib (CX), irinotecan5-fluorouracil (5-FU) andleucovorin (LCV) in patients (pts) with unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 21, 127a (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Rohatgi N, Bhatnagar A, Lowy A etal CeaVac anti-idiotype (AntiId) monoclonal antibody (Mab) treatment for resected colorectal cancer (CRC): results of a Phase II trial. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 21, 271a (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Foon KA, Chakraborty M, John WJ etal Immune response to the carcinoembryonic antigen in patients treated with an anti-idiotype antibody vaccine. j Clin. Invest. 96, 334–342 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foon IKA, John WJ, Chakraborty M etal. Clinical and immune responses in resected colon cancer patients treated with anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody vaccine that mimics the carcinoembryonic antigen. Clin. Oncol. 17, 2889–2895 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• de Gramont A, Banzi M, Navarro M etal. Oxaliplatin/5-FU/LV in adjuvant colon cancer: results of the international randomized mosaic trial. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 22, 253 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Souglakos J, Mavroudis D, Kakolyris S etal Triplet combination with irinotecan plus oxaliplatin plus continuous-infusion fluorouracil and leucovorin as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer: a multicenter Phase II trial. j Clin. Oncol 20, 2651–2657 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gil-Delgado M, Bastian G, Guinet F etal Final results of oxaliplatin (LOHP) + irinotecan (CPT11) and FU-FOL (LV5FU2) combination and pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis in advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) patients (pts). Proc. Am Soc. Clin. Oncol 20, 140a (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Conroy T, Seitz J, Capodano G etal Phase I study of triple combination of oxaliplatin + irinotecan + LV5FU2 in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 20, 236a (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Falcone A, Masi G, Allegrini G etal Biweekly chemotherapy with oxaliplatin, irinotecan, infusional fluorouracil and leucovorin: a pilot study in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. j Clin. Oncol 20, 4006–4014 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvo E, Cortes J, Rodrigues J etal Irinotecan, oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil/ leucovorin combination chemotherapy in advanced colorectal carcinoma: a Phase II study. Clin. Colorectal Cancer2, 104–110 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Souglakos J, Athanasiadis A, Ginopoulos P etal Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) combined with irinotecan (CPT-11), leucovorin (LV) and 5-fluorourcil (5-FU) (FOLFOXIRI) compared with CPT-11, LV and 5-FU (FOLFIRI) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer: preliminary safety and efficacy results of a multicenter randomised trial. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol 22, 153a (2002).
   Google Scholar