Molecular detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus

References

• Parkin DM, Pisani P, Ferlay J. Estimates of the worldwide incidence of eighteen major cancers in 1985. Int. J. Cancer 54, 606 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Parkin DM. Cancer in developing countries. Cancer Surv. 19–20, 519–561 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Sherman ME, Schiffman MH, Lorincz AT et al. Cervical specimens collected in liquid buffer are suitable for both cytologic screening and ancillary human papillomavirus testing. Cancer 81, 89–97 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richart RM. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a review. Pathol. Annu. 8, 302–328 (1973).
   Google Scholar
• Kurman RJ, Malkasian GD, Jr., Sedlis A et al. From Papanicolaou to Bethesda: the rationale for a new cervical cytologic classification. Obstet. Gynecol. 77, 779–782 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Solomon D. The Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses: an overview. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 10, 323–325 (1991).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasseri M, Gage JR, Lorincz A et al. Human papillomavirus Type 16 immortalized cervical keratinocytes contain transcripts encoding E6, E7 and E2 initiated at the P97 promoter and express high levels of E7. Virology 184, 131–140 (1991).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas M, Massimi P, Jenkins J et al. HPV- 18 E6 mediated inhibition of p53 DNA binding activity is independent of E6 induced degradation. Oncogene 10, 261–268 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• zur Hausen H. Papillomavirus infectionsa major cause of human cancers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1288, F55–F78 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Chan SY, Delius H, Halpern AL et al. Analysis of genomic sequences of 95 Papillomavirus types: uniting typing, phylogeny and taxonomy. J. Virol. 69, 3074– 3083 (1995).
   Google Scholar
• •• Important phylogenetic study, showing that a 291 bp fragment from the L1 region is most suited for classification of HPV genotypes.
   Google Scholar
• Dillner J. The serological response to papillomaviruses. Semin. Cancer Biol. 9, 423–430 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munoz N. Human papillomavirus and cancer: the epidemiological evidence. J. Clin. Virol. 19, 1–5 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer HM, Ting Y, Greer CE et al. Genital human papillomavirus infection in female university students as determined by a PCR-based method. JAMA 265, 472–477 (1991).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • An important study on the natural history of HPV infections in young women.
   Google Scholar
• Melkert PW, Hopman E, van den Brule AJ et al. Prevalence of HPV in cytomorphologically normal cervical smears, as determined by the polymerase chain reaction, is age-dependent. Int. J. Cancer 53, 919–923 (1993).
   Google Scholar
• Wheeler CM, Greer CE, Becker TM et al. Short-term fluctuations in the detection of cervical human papillomavirus DNA. Obstet. Gynecol. 88, 261–268 (1996).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evander M, Edlund K, Gustafsson A et al. Human papillomavirus infection is transient in young women: populationbased cohort study. J. Infect. Dis. 171, 1026–1030 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Roda Husman AM, Walboomers JM, Hopman E et al. HPV prevalence in cytomorphologically normal cervical scrapes of pregnant women as determined by PCR: the age-related pattern. J. Med. Virol. 46, 97–102 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscickie AB, Shiboski S, Broering J et al. The natural history of huma papillomavirus infection as measured by repeated DNA testing in adolescent and young women. J. Pediatr. 132, 277–284 (1998).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobbenhuis MA, Walboomers JM, Helmerhorst TJ et al. Relation of human papillomavirus status to cervical lesions and consequences for cervical-cancer screening: a prospective study. Lancet 354, 20–25 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• •• This study underlines the importance of persistent HPV infection and its associated risk for cervical pathology.
   Google Scholar
• Mayrand MH, Coutle F, Hankins C et al. Detection of human papillomavirus Type
   Google Scholar
• DNA in consecutive genital samples does not always represent persistent infection as determined by molecular variant analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 3388–3393 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• • This study shows that assessment of persistent HPV infection requires inclusion of detailed molecular analysis of HPV.
   Google Scholar
• Sun XW, Kuhn L, Ellerbrock TV et al. Human papillomavirus infection in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 1343–1349 (1997).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palefsky JM, Minkoff H, Kalish LA et al. Cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection in human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV)-positive and high-risk HIVnegative women. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 91, 226–236 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Daniel RW, Ahdieh L, Hayden D et al. Intra-laboratory reproducibility of human papillomavirus identification in cervical specimens by a polymerase chain reactionbased assay. J. Clin.Virol. 19, 187–193 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffman MH, Kiviat NB, Burk RD et al. Accuracy and interlaboratory reliability of human papillomavirus DNA testing by hybrid capture. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 545–550 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuzick J, Szarewski A, Terry G et al. Human papillomavirus testing in primary cervical screening. Lancet 345, 1533–1536 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuzick J, Sasieni P, Davies P et al. A systematic review of the role of human papillomavirus testing within a cervical screening programme. Health Technology Assessment 3, 1–201 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• •• Extensive review of various methods for HPV testing and its incorporation into clinical practice and screening programs.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman WB, Lorincz AT, Willett GD et al. Evaluation of two commercially available in situ hybridization kits for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical biopsies: comparison to Southern blot hybridization. Mod. Pathol. 6, 73–79 (1993).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czerwenka KF, Schon HJ, Manavi M et al. Reliability of in situ hybridization of smears and biopsies for papilloma virus genotyping of the uterine cervix. Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 29, 139–145 (1991).
   Google Scholar
• Sato S, Maruta J, Konno R et al. In situ detection of HPV in a cervical smear with in situ hybridization. Acta Cytol. 42, 1483–1485 (1998).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melchers W, van den Brule AJ, Walboomers J et al. Increased detection rate of human papillomavirus in cervical scrapes by the polymerase chain reaction as compared to modified fluorscence in situ hybridization and Southern-blot analysis. J. Med. Virol. 27, 329–335 (1989).
   Google Scholar
• Kuypers JM, Critchlow CW, Gravitt PE et al. Comparison of dot filter hybridization, Southern transfer hybridization and polymerase chain reaction amplification for diagnosis of anal human papillomavirus infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, 1003–1006 (1993).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hukkanen VI, Auvinen E, Salmi T et al. A comparison of human papillomavirus detection rates by dot blot assay from smear and biopsy specimens with regard to human papillomavirus type and histologic diagnosis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 101, 694–697 (1994).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quint WGV, Scholte G, van Doorn LJ et al. Comparative analysis of human papillomavirus infections in cervical scrapes and biopsy specimens by general SPF10 PCR and HPV genotyping. J. Pathol. 194, 154– 158 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• • A comparative study, showing that analysis of cervical scrapes and biopsy specimens by a highly sensitive assay yields very similar but not identical HPV genotyping results.
   Google Scholar
• Lorincz AT. Hybrid capture method for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in clinical specimens: a tool for clinical management of equivocal Pap smears and for population screening. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res. 22, 629–636 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Bozzetti M, Nonnenmacher B, Mielzinska I et al. Comparison between hybrid capture II and polymerase chain reaction results among women at low risk for cervical cancer. Ann. Epidemiol. 10, 466 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cope JU, Hildesheim A, Schiffman MH et al. Comparison of the hybrid capture tube test and PCR for detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical specimens. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 2262–2265 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Smits HL, Bollen LJ, Tjong-A-Hung SP et al. Intermethod variation in detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical smears. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33, 2631–2636 (1995).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildesheim A, Schiffman MH, Gravitt PE et al. Persistence of type-specific human papillomavirus infection among cytologicly normal women. J. Infect. Dis. 169, 235–240 (1994).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gravitt PE, Peyton CL, Alessi TQ et al. Improved amplification of genital human papillomaviruses. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 357–361 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • First description of the general PGMY primer set, an improvement of the My09/ 11 primer set.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs MV, Snijders PJ, van den Brule AJ et al. A general primer GP5+/GP6+- mediated PCR-enzyme immunoassay method for rapid detection of 14 high-risk and 6 low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical scrapings. J. Clin. Microbiol. 35, 791–795 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• • Description of an HPV detection and genotyping system, based on the general primer set GP5+/6+.
   Google Scholar
• Kleter B, van Doorn LJ, ter Schegget J et al. A novel short-fragment PCR assay for highly sensitive broad-spectrum detection of anogenital human papillomaviruses. Am. J. Pathol. 153, 1731–1739 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• • First description of the SPF10 PCR primer set, generating a small product of 65 bp.
   Google Scholar
• Tieben LM, ter Schegget J, Minnaar RP et al. Detection of cutaneous and genital HPV types in clinical samples by PCR using consensus primers. J. Virol. Methods 42, 265–279 (1993).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa H, Kawana T, Kitagawa K et al. Amplification and typing of multiple cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus DNAs using a single pair of primers. Int. J. Cancer 45, 990–995 (1990).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnick RM, Cornelissen MT, Wright DK et al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in archival cervical cancer specimens by DNA amplification with consensus primers. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 82, 1477–1484 (1990).
   Google Scholar
• Maki H, Saito S, Ibaraki T et al. Use of universal and type-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and typing of genital human papillomavirus. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 82, 411 (1991).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fujinaga Y, Shimada M, Okazawa K et al. Simulatneous detection and typing of genital papillomavirus DNA using the polymerase chain reaction. J. Gen. Virol. 72, 1039–1044 (1991).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleter B, van Doorn LJ, Schrauwen L et al. Development and clinical evaluation of a highly sensitive PCR-reverse hybridization line probe assay for detection and identification of anogenital human papillomavirus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 2508–2517 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • First report on the reverse hybridization line probe assay using SPF10 PCR primers.
   Google Scholar
• Josefsson AM, Magnusson PK, Ylitalo N et al. Viral load of human papilloma virus 16 as a determinant for development of cervical carcinoma in situ: a nested casecontrol study. Lancet 355, 2189–2193 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• • An important study, showing that the viral load of HPV is strongly associated with an increased risk for the development of cervical pathology.
   Google Scholar
• Tucker RA, Unger ER, Holloway BP et al. Real-time PCR-based fluorescent assay for quantitation of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Mol. Diagn. 6, 39– 47 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Ylitalo N, Josefsson A, Melbye M et al. A prospective study showing long-term infection with human papillomavirus 16 before the development of cervical carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res. 60, 6027–6032 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart KW, Williams OM, Thelwell N et al. Novel method for detection, typing and quantification of human papillomavirus in clinical samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 3204–3212 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kornegay JR, Shepard AP, Hankins C et al. Nonisotopic detection of human papillomavirus DNA in clinical specimens using a consensus PCR and a generic probe mix in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 3530–3536 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arens M. Clinically relevant sequencebased genotyping of HBV, HCV, CMV and HIV. J. Clin. Virol. 22, 11–29 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonalves MAG, Massad E, Burattini MN et al. Relationship between human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping and genital neoplasia in HIV-positive patients of Santos City, So Paulo, Brazil. Int. J. St. AIDS 10, 803–807 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W et al. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215, 403–410 (1990).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard HU, Chan SY, Manos MM et al. Identification and assessment of known and novel human papillomaviruses by polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic algorithms. J. Infect. Dis. 170, 1077–1085 (1994).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grce M, Husnjak K, Skerlev M et al. Detection and typing of human papillomaviruses by means of polymerase chain reaction and fragment length polymorphism in male genital lesions. Anticancer Res. 20, 2097–2102 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stuyver L, Wyseur A, van Arnhem W et al. Second-generation line probe assay for hepatitis C virus genotyping. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34, 2259–2266 (1996).
   Google Scholar
• Stuyver L, Wyseur A, Rombout A et al. Line probe assay for rapid detection of drug-selected mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 reverse transcriptase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41, 284–291 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• van Doorn LJ, Figueiredo C, Sanna R et al. Distinct variants of Helicobacter pylori cagA are associated with vacA subtypes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 2306–2311 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Doorn LJ, Glupczynski Y, Kusters JG et al. Accurate prediction of macrolide resistance in H. pylori by a PCR line probe assay for detection of mutations in the 23S rRNA Gene: multicenter validation study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1500– 1504 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Melchers WJ, Bakkers JM, Wang J et al. Short fragment polymerase chain reaction reverse hybridization line probe assay to detect and genotype a broad-spectrum of human papillomavirus types: clinical evaluation and follow-up. Am. J. Pathol. 155, 1473–1478 (1999).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirog EC, Kleter B, Olgac S et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA in different histological subtypes of cervical adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Pathol. 157, 1055–1062 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gravitt PE, Peyton CL, Apple RJ et al. Genotyping of 27 human papillomavirus types by using L1 consensus PCR products by a single-hybridization, reverse line blot detection method. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36, 3020–3027 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• • First report on the reverse hybridization line blot assay, using PGMY PCR products.
   Google Scholar
• Lazcano-Ponce E, Herrero R, Munoz N et al. Epidemiology of HPV infection among Mexican women wiht normal cervical cytology. Int. J. Cancer 91, 412–420 (2001).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernon SD, Unger ER, Williams D. Comparison of human papillomavirus detection and typing by cycle sequencing, line blotting and hybrid capture. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 651–655 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Coutle F, Gravitt PE, Richardson H et al. Nonisotopic detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in genital samples by the line blot assay. The Canadian Womens HIV study group. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37, 1852–1857 (1999).
   Google Scholar
• Gravitt PE, Lacey JV, Brinton LA et al. Evaluation of self-collected cervicovaginal cell samples for human papillomavirus testing by polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers. Prev. 10, 95–100 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar