467
Views
34
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Prognostic markers in acute pancreatitis

, , , , , , & show all

References

  • Neoptolemos JP, Raraty M, Finch M, Sutton R. Acute pancreatitis: the substantial human and financial costs. Gut 1998;42:886-91
  • Satoh K, Shimosegawa T, Masamune A, et al. Nationwide epidemiological survey of acute pancreatitis in Japan. Pancreas 2011;40:503-7
  • Peery AF, Dellon ES, Lund J, et al. Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update. Gastroenterology 2012;143(5):1179-87
  • Johnson CD, Kingsnorth AN, Imrie CW, et al. Double blind, randomised placebo controlled study of a platelet activating factor antagonist, Lexipafant, in the treatment and prevention of organ failure in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 2001;48:62-9
  • Banks PA, Freeman ML. Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2379-400
  • Raraty MG, Connor S, Criddle DN, et al. Acute pancreatitis and organ failure: pathophysiology, natural history, management strategies. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2004;6(2):99-103
  • Whitcomb DC. Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2142-50
  • Bradley EL III. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Arch Surg 1993. 128:586-90.Summary of the International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis; 11–13 September 1992; Atlanta, GA, USA
  • Connor S, Ghaneh P, Raraty M, et al. Increasing age and APACHE II scores are the main determinants of outcome from pancreatic necrosectomy. Br J Surg 2003;90(12):1542-8
  • Connor S, Alexakis N, Neal T, et al. Fungal infection but not type of bacterial infection is associated with a high mortality in primary and secondary infected pancreatic necrosis. Dig Surg 2004;21:297-304
  • Petrov MS, Shanbhag S, Chakraborty M, et al. Organ failure and infection of pancreatic necrosis as determinants of mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2010;139(3):813-20
  • van Santvoort HC, Bollen TL, Besselink MG, et al. Describing peripancreatic collections in severe acute pancreatitis using morphologic terms: an International Interobserver Agreement Study. Pancreatology 2008;8(6):593-9
  • Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, et al. Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group. Classification of acute pancreatitis--2012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 2013;62:102-11
  • Marshall JC, Cook DJ Christou NV, et al. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1638-52
  • Dellinger EP, Forsmark CE, Layer P, Pancreatitis Across Nations Clinical Research and Education Alliance (PANCREA). Determinant-based classification of acute pancreatitis severity: an international multidisciplinary consultation. Ann Surg 2012;256(6):875-80
  • Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 1996;22(7):707-10
  • Acevedo-Piedra NG, Moya-Hoyo N, Rey-Riveiro M, et al. Validation of the determinant-based classification and revision of the Atlanta classification systems for acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;12(2):311-16
  • Nawaz H, Mounzer R, Yadav D, et al. Revised Atlanta and determinant-based classification: application in a prospective cohort of acute pancreatitis patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108(12):1911-17
  • Wilson C, Heath DI, Imrie CW. Prediction of outcome in acute pancreatitist: a comparative study of APACHE II, clinical assessment and multiple factor scoring systems. Br J Surg 1990;77:1260-4
  • Corfield AP, Cooper MJ, Williamson RC, et al. Prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis: prospective comparison of three prognostic indices. Lancet 1985;2:403-7
  • Ranson JHC, Rifkind KM, Roses DF, et al. Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974;139:69-81
  • Imrie CW, Benjamin IS, Ferguson JE, et al. A single-center double-blind trial of trasylol therapy in primary acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1978;65:337-41
  • Osbourne DH, Imrie CW, Carter DC. Biliary surgery in the same admission for gallstone associated acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1981;68:758-61
  • Blamey SL, Imrie CW, O’Neill J, et al. Prognostic factors in acute pancreatitis. Gut 1984;25:1340-6
  • McMahon MJ, Playforth MJ, Pickford IR. A Comparative study of methods for the prediction of severity of attacks of acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1980;67:22-5
  • Wu BU, Bakker OJ, Papachristou GI, et al. Blood urea nitrogen in the early assessment of acute pancreatitis: an international validation study. Arch Intern Med 2011;171(7):669-76
  • Hlatky MA, Greenland P, Arnett DK, et al. Criteria for evaluation of novel markers of cardiovascular risk: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2009;119:2408-16
  • Papachristou GI, Papachristou DJ, Avula H, et al. Obesity increases the severity of acute pancreatitis: performance of APACHE-O score and correlation with the inflammatory response. Pancreatology 2006;6:279-85
  • Wu BU, Johannes RS, Sun X, et al. The early prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis: a large population-based study. Gut 2008;57:1698-703
  • Singh VK, Wu BU, Bollen TL, et al. A prospective evaluation of the Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis score in assessing mortality and intermediate markers of severity in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:966-71
  • Papachristou GI, Muddana V, Yadav D, et al. Comparison of BISAP, Ranson’s, APACHE-II, and CTSI scores in predicting organ failure, complications, and mortality in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:435-4
  • Mounzer R, Langmead CJ, Wu BU, et al. Comparison of existing clinical scoring systems to predict persistent organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2012;142:1476-82
  • Larvin M, Chalmers AG, McMahon MJ. Dynamic contrast enhanced CT: a precise technique for the identification of pancreatic necrosis. BMJ 1990;300:1425-8
  • Balthazar EJ, Robinson DL, Megibow AJ, et al. Acute pancreatitis: value of CT in establishing prognosis. Radiology 1990;174:331-6
  • Simchuk EJ, Traverso LW, Nukui Y, et al. Computed tomography severity index as a predictor of outcomes for severe pancreatitis. Am J Surg 2000;179:352-5
  • London NJ, Neoptolemos JP, Lavelle J, et al. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography scanning and prediction of severity of acute pancreatitis: a prospective study. Br J Surg 1989;76:268-72
  • Bollen TL, Singh VK, Maurer R, et al. A comparative evaluation of radiologic and clinical scoring systems in the early prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107(4):612-19
  • Hong S, Qiwen B, Ying J, et al. Body mass index and the risk and prognosis of acute pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;23:1136-43
  • Navina S, Acharya C, DeLany JP, et al. Lipotoxicity causes multisystem organ failure and exacerbates acute pancreatitis in obesity. Sci Transl Med 2011;3(107):107ra110
  • Segersvard R, Tsai JA, Herrington MK, et al. Obesity alters cytokine gene expression and promotes liver injury in rats with acute pancreatitis. Obesity 2008;16:23-8
  • Kylänpää ML, Repo H, Puolakkainen PA. Inflammation and immunosuppression in severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16(23):2867-72
  • Rovin BH, Lu L, Saxena R. A novel polymorphism in the MCP-1 gene regulatory region that influences MCP-1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999;259:344-8
  • Papachristou GI, Sass DA, Avula H, et al. Is the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 −2518 G allele a risk factor for severe acute pancreatitis? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:475-81
  • Puolakkainen P, Valtonen V, Paananen A, et al. C-reactive protein (cRP) and serum phospholipase A2 in the assessment of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Gut 1987;28:764-71
  • Ikei S, Ogawa M, Yamaguchi Y. Blood concentrations of polymorphonuclear leukocyte elastase and interleukin-6 are indicators for the occurrence of multiple organ failures at the early stage of acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;13:1274-83
  • Pezzilli R, Morselli-Labate AM, Miniero R, et al. Simultaneous serum assays of lipase and interleukin-6 early diagnosis and prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Clin Chem 1999;45:1762-7
  • Pezzilli R, Morselli-Labate AM, Barakat B, et al. Is the association of serum lipase with ß2-microglobulin or C-reactive protein useful for establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis? Clin Chem Lab Med 1998;36:963-7
  • Pezzilli R, Melzi D’eril GV, Morselli-Labate AM, et al. Serum amyloid A, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein in early assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2000;45:1072-8
  • Rau B, Steinbach G, Baumgart K, et al. Serum amyloid A versus C-reactive protein in acute pancreatitis: clinical value of an alternative acute-phase reactant. Crit Care Med 2000;28:736-42
  • Wilson C, Heads A, Shenkin A, Imrie CW. C-reactive protein, antiproteases and complement factors as objective markers of severity in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1989;76:177-81
  • Neoptolemos JP, Kemppainen EA, Mayer JM, et al. Early prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis by urinary trypsinogen activation peptide: a multicentre study. Lancet 2000;355:1955-60
  • Mentula P, Kylanpaa ML, Kemppainen E, et al. Early prediction of organ failure by combined markers in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2005;92:68-75
  • Mayer JM, Raraty M, Slavin J, et al. Serum amyloid A is a better early predictor of severity than C-reactive protein in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2002;89:163-71
  • Al-Nawas B, Krammer I, Shah PM. Procalcitonin in the diagnosis of severe infections. Eur J Med Res 1996;1:331-3
  • Assicot M, Gendrel D, Carsin H, et al. High serum procalcitonin concentrations in patients with sepsis and infection. Lancet 1993;341:515-18
  • Kylänpää-Bäck ML, Takala A, Kemppainen E, et al. Procalcitonin strip test in the early detection of severe pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2001;88:222-7
  • Rau B, Steinbach G, Gansauge F, et al. The potential role of procalcitonin and interleukin 8 in the prediction of infected necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Gut 1997;41:832-40
  • Brunkhorst FM, Eberhard OK, Brunkhorst R. Early identification of biliary pancreatitis with procalcitonin. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:1191-2
  • Neoptolemos JP, Carr-Locke DL, London NJ, et al. Controlled trial of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic sphincterotomy versus conventional treatment for acute pancreatitis due to gallstones. Lancet 1988;29:979-83
  • van Geenen EJ, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, et al. Lack of consensus on the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in acute biliary pancreatitis in published meta-analyses and guidelines: a systematic review. Pancreas 2013;42(5):774-80
  • Kylänpää-Bäck ML, Takala A, Kemppainen EA, et al. Procalcitonin, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and soluble E-selectin in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 2001;29:63-9
  • Rau BM, Kemppainen EA, Gumbs AA, et al. Early assessment of pancreatic infections and overall prognosis in severe acute pancreatitis by procalcitonin (PCT): a prospective international multicenter study. Ann Surg 2007;245:745-54
  • Rau B, Kruger CM, Schilling MK. Procalcitonin: improved biochemical severity stratification and postoperative monitoring in severe abdominal inflammation and sepsis. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2004;389:134-44
  • Modrau IS, Floyd AK, Thorlacius-Ussing O. The clinical value of procalcitonin in early assessment of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1593-7
  • Müller CA, Uhl W, Printzen G, et al. Role of procalcitonin and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the early prediction of infected necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 2000;46:233-8
  • Chen CC, Wang S-S, Lee F-Y, et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in early assessment of the prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:213-18
  • Heresbach D, Letourneur JP, Bahon I, et al. Value of early blood Th-1 cytokine determination in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1998;33:554-60
  • Kaufmann P, Tilz GP, Lueger A, et al. Elevated plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFRp60) reflect severity of acute pancreatitis. Intensive Care Med 1997;23:841-8
  • McKay CJ, Imrie CW. The continuing challenge of early mortality in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2004;91:1243-4
  • Brivet FG, Emilie D, Galanaud P. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during acute severe pancreatitis: an early and sustained response, although unpredictable of death. Parisian Study Group on Acute Pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 1999;27:749-55
  • Mayer J, Rau B, Gansauge F, Beger HG. Inflammatory mediators in human acute pancreatitis: clinical and pathophysiological implications. Gut 2000;47:546-52
  • Dugernier TL, Laterre PF, Wittebole X, et al. Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response during acute pancreatitis: correlation with local and systemic complications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:148-57
  • Wereszcynska-Siemiatkowska U, Dabrowski A, Jedynak M, et al. Oxidative stress as an early prognostic factor in acute pancreatitis: its correlation with serum phospholipase A2 and plasma polymorphonuclear elastase in different severity forms of human acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 1998;17:163-8
  • Dominguez-Munoz C, Carballo F, Garcia MJ, et al. Clinical usefulness of polymorphonuclear elastase in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis: results of a multicenter study. Br J Surg 1991;78:1230-4
  • Uhl W, Buchler M, Malfertheiner P, et al. PMN-elastase in comparison with CRP, antiproteases, and LDH as indicators of necrosis in human acute pancreatitits. Pancreas 1991;6:253-9
  • Dominguez-Munoz JE, Villanueva A, Larino J, et al. Accuracy of plasma levels of polymorphonuclear elastase as early prognostic marker of acute pancreatitis in routine clinical conditions. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:79-83
  • Gross V, Scholmerich J, Leser HG, et al. Granulocyte elastase in assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis. Comparison with acute-phase proteins C-reactive protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and protease inhibitor alpha 2-macroglobulin. Dig Dis Sci 1990;35:97-105
  • Viedma JA, Perez-Mateo M, Agullo J, et al. Inflammatory response in the early prediction of severity in human acute pancreatitis. Gut 1994;35:822-7
  • Borgstrom A, Appelros S, Muller CA, et al. Role of activation peptides from pancreatic proenzymes in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute pancreatitis. Surgery 2002;131:125-8
  • Kemppainen EAJ, Hedstrom JI, Puolakkainen PA, et al. Advances in the laboratory diagnostics of acute pancreatitis. Ann Med 1998;30:169-75
  • Tenner S, Fernandez-del Castillo C, Warshaw A, et al. Urinary trypsinogen activation peptide (TAP) predicts severity in patients with acute pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 1997;21:105-10
  • Johnson CD, Lempinen M, Imrie CW, et al. Urinary trypsinogen activation peptide as a marker of severe acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2004;91:1027-33
  • Appelros S, Petersson U, Toh S, et al. Activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B and anionic trypsinogen as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2001;88:216-21
  • Muller CA, Appelros S, Uhl W, et al. Serum levels of procarboxypeptidase B and its activation peptide in patients with acute pancreatitis and non-pancreatic diseases. Gut 2002;51:229-35
  • Saez J, Martinez J, Trigo C, et al. Comparative study of the activation peptide of carboxypeptidase B and trypsinogen as early predictors of the severity of acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2004;29:e9-e14
  • Sainio V, Puolakkainen P, Kemppainen E, et al. Serum trypsinogen-2 in the prediction of outcome in acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:818-24
  • Kemppainen E, Hietaranta A, Puolakkainen P, et al. Time course profile of serum trypsinogen-2 and trypsin-2-α-1 antitrypsin in patients with acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:1216-20
  • Büchler M, Malfertheiner P, Schadlich H, et al. Role of phospholipase A2 in human acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1989;97:1521-6
  • Gronroos JM, Hietaranta AJ, Nevalainen TJ. Renal tubular cell injury and serum phospholipase A2 activity in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1992;79:800-1
  • Mayer JM, Raraty M, Slavin J, et al. Severe acute pancreatitis is related to increased early urinary levels of the activation Peptide of pancreatic phospholipase A(2). Pancreatology 2002;2:535-2
  • Pearce CB, Gunn SR, Ahmed A, et al. Machine learning can improve prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis using admission values of APACHE II score and C-reactive protein. Pancreatology 2006;6:123-31
  • Lempinen M, Kylanpaa-Back ML, Stenman UH, et al. Predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis by rapid measurement of trypsinogen-2 in urine. Clin Chem 2001;47:2103-7
  • Papachristou GI, Malehorn DE, Lamb J, et al. Serum proteomic patterns as a predictor of severity in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2007;7:317-24
  • Singh VK, Wu BU, Bollen TL, et al. Early systemic inflammatory response syndrome is associated with severe acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7(11):1247-51
  • Mofidi R, Duff MD, Wigmore SJ, et al. Association between early systemic inflammatory response, severity of multiorgan dysfunction and death in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2006;93:738-44
  • Lankisch PG, Weber-Dany B, Hebel K, et al. The harmless acute pancreatitis score: a clinical algorithm for rapid initial stratification of nonsevere disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:702-5
  • Ueda T, Takeyama Y, Yasuda T, et al. Utility of the new Japanese severity score and indications for special therapies in acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol 2009;44:453-9
  • Forsmark CE, Baillie J. AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 2007;132:2022-44
  • Harrison DA, D’Amico G, Singer M. The Pancreatitis Outcome Prediction (POP) Score: a new prognostic index for patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 2007;35:1703-8
  • Ranson JHC. The timing of biliary surgery in acute pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1979;189:654-62
  • Leese T, Shaw D. Comparison of three Glasgow multifactor prognostic scoring systems in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1988;75:460-2
  • UK guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Gut 2005;54(Suppl 3):iii1-9
  • Uhl W, Warshaw A, Imrie C, et al. IAP Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2002;2:565-73
  • Raraty MG, Halloran CM, Dodd S, et al. Minimal access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy: improvement in morbidity and mortality with a less invasive approach. Ann Surg 2010;251:787-93
  • Van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Bakker OJ, et al. A step-up approach or open necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1491-502
  • Mouli VP, Sreenivas V, Garg PK. Efficacy of conservative treatment, without necrosectomy, for infected pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2013;144(2):333-40

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.