Advanced search
Publication Cover
Expert Review of Vaccines Volume 15, 2016 - Issue 2
Submit an article Journal homepage
697
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

The most effective and promising population health strategies to advance human papillomavirus vaccination

Robert M. JacobsonDepartment of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USACorrespondence[email protected]
,
Amenah A. AgunwambaDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
,
Jennifer L. St. SauverDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
&
Lila J. Finney RuttenDepartment of Health Sciences Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Pages 257-269 | Received 10 Sep 2015, Accepted 03 Nov 2015, Published online: 27 Nov 2015

References

  • Papers of special note have been highlighted as:
  • • of interest
  • •• of considerable interest
  • Healthy People 2020. Immunization and infectious diseases 2020 Topics & Objectives. 2015 [cited 2015 Jul 31]. Available from: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/immunization-and-infectious-diseases/objectives.
  • Reagan-Steiner S, Yankey D, Jeyarajah J, et al. National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13–17 years–United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Jul 31;64(29):784–792
  • Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, et al. Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2007 Mar 23;56(RR–2):1–24
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FDA licensure of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4, Gardasil) for use in males and guidance from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 May 28;59(20):630–632.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations on the use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in males: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Dec 23;60(50):1705–1708.
  • Jeudin P, Liveright E, Del Carmen MG, et al. Race, ethnicity, and income factors impacting human papillomavirus vaccination rates. Clin Ther. 2014 Jan 1;36(1):24–37
  • Hofstetter AM, Rosenthal SL. Factors impacting HPV vaccination: lessons for health care professionals. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014 Aug;13(8):1013–1026.
  • Markowitz LE, Tsu V, Deeks SL, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction–the first five years. Vaccine. 2012 Nov 20;30(Suppl 5):F139–48
  • Nordin JD, Solberg LI, Parker ED. Adolescent primary care visit patterns. Ann Fam Med. 2010 Nov-Dec;8(6):511–516.

• This study demonstrates the paucity of adolescent primary care visits. Provides the empirical basis for focusing on nonclinic-based, population health strategies to improve human papillomavirus vaccination rates.

  • Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, Bright Futures Periodicity Schedule Workgroup. 2014 recommendations for pediatric preventive health care. Pediatrics. 2014 Mar 1;133(3):568–570.
  • Alderman EM. AMA guidelines for adolescent preventive services (GAPS): recommendations and rationale. JAMA. 1994;272(12):980–981.
  • Wong CA, Taylor JA, Wright JA, et al. Missed opportunities for adolescent vaccination, 2006–2011. J Adolesc Health. 2013;53(4):492–497.
  • Kahn JA, Zimet GD, Bernstein DI, et al. Pediatricians’ intention to administer human papillomavirus vaccine: the role of practice characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. J Adolesc Health. 2005;37(6):502–510.
  • Dorell C, Yankey D, Strasser S. Parent-reported reasons for nonreceipt of recommended adolescent vaccinations, National Immunization Survey: teen, 2009. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2011 Dec;50(12):1116–1124.
  • Trim K, Nagji N, Elit L, et al. Parental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours towards human papillomavirus vaccination for their children: a systematic review from 2001 to 2011. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2012;2012:921236.
  • Joseph N, Clark J, Bauchner H, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding HPV vaccination: ethnic and cultural differences between African-American and Haitian immigrant women. Womens Health Issues. 2012 Nov-Dec;22(6):e571–579. DOI:10.1016/j.whi.2012.09.003.
  • Darden PM, Thompson DM, Roberts JR, et al. Reasons for not vaccinating adolescents: National Immunization Survey of Teens, 2008–2010. Pediatrics. 2013;131(4):645–651.
  • Jacobson RM, Roberts JR, Darden PM. Parents’ perceptions of the HPV vaccine: a key target for improving immunization rates. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013 Sep;9(9):791–793.
  • Patel PR, Berenson AB. Sources of HPV vaccine hesitancy in parents. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 Dec;9(12):2649–2653.
  • Holman DM, Benard V, Roland KB, et al. Barriers to human papillomavirus vaccination among US adolescents a systematic review of the literature. JAMA Pediatrics. 2014;168(1):76–82.
  • Lo B. HPV vaccine and adolescents’ sexual activity - It would be a shame if unresolved ethical dilemmas hampered this breakthrough. Brit Med J. 2006;332(7550):1106–1107.
  • Charo RA. Politics, parents, and prophylaxis–mandating HPV vaccination in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(19):1905–1908.
  • Ferrer HB, Trotter C, Hickman M, et al. Barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination of young women in high-income countries: a qualitative systematic review and evidence synthesis. BMC Public Health. 2014. DOI:10.1186/1471-2458-14-700. Article number: 700.
  • Ogilvie G, Anderson M, Marra F, et al. A population-based evaluation of a publicly funded, school-based HPV vaccine program in British Columbia, Canada: parental factors associated with HPV vaccine receipt. PLoS Med. 2010;7(5):e1000270.
  • Kester LM, Zimet GD, Fortenberry JD, et al. A national study of HPV vaccination of adolescent girls: rates, predictors, and reasons for non-vaccination. Matern Child Health J. 2013;17(5):879–885.
  • Perkins RB, Clark JA, Apte G, et al. Missed opportunities for HPV vaccination in adolescent girls: a qualitative study. Pediatrics. 2014;134(3):e666–674.
  • Olshen E, Mahon BE, Wang S, et al. The impact of state policies on vaccine coverage by age 13 in an insured population. J Adolesc Health. 2007;40(5):405–411.
  • Feikin DR, Lezotte DC, Hamman RF, et al. Individual and community risks of measles and pertussis associated with personal exemptions to immunization. JAMA. 2000 Dec 27;284(24):3145–3150
  • Omer SB, Pan WK, Halsey NA, et al. Nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements: secular trends and association of state policies with pertussis incidence. JAMA. 2006 Oct 11;296(14):1757–1763
  • Omer SB, Enger KS, Moulton LH, et al. Geographic clustering of nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements and associations with geographic clustering of pertussis. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Dec 15;168(12):1389–1396
  • Schwartz JL, Easterling LA. State vaccination requirements for HPV and other vaccines for adolescents, 1990–2015. JAMA. 2015 Jul 14;314(2):185–186.

• This report documents the failure of US states to adopt school requirements for human papillomavirus vaccination.

  • National Conference of State Legislatures. HPV Vaccine Policies. Health Care. 2015 [cited 2015 Aug 6]. Available from: http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/hpv-vaccine-state-legislation-and-statutes.aspx.
  • Schwartz JL, Caplan AL, Faden RR, et al. Lessons from the failure of human papillomavirus vaccine state requirements. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;82(6):760–763.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. FDA licensure of bivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV2, Cervarix) for use in females and updated HPV vaccination recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 May 28;59(20):626–629.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HPV vaccine - questions & answers. Vaccines and Immunizations. 2015 Jun 30 [cited 2015 Aug 6]. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/hpv/vac-faqs.htm
  • Mast EE, Weinbaum CM, Fiore AE, et al. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part II: immunization of adults. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006 Dec 8;55(RR–16):1–33. quiz CE1-4
  • Mast EE, Margolis HS, Fiore AE, et al. A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part 1: immunization of infants, children, and adolescents. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2005 Dec 23;54(RR–16):1–31
  • Fiore AE, Shay DK, Broder K, et al. Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2009. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009 Jul 31;58(RR–8):1–52
  • Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Recommendations for the use of Lyme disease vaccine. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 1999;48(RR–7):1–17, 21–25.
  • Poland GA. Vaccines against Lyme disease: what happened and what lessons can we learn? Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Feb;52(Suppl 3):S253–258.
  • Frieden T. Protect the next generation: recommend the HPV vaccine. CDC Expert Commentary. 2014 [cited 2015 Sep 10]. Available from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/829938.
  • Trottier H, Franco EL. The epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. Vaccine. 2006;24(Suppl 1):S1–15.
  • Ho GY, Bierman R, Beardsley L, et al. Natural history of cervicovaginal papillomavirus infection in young women. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 12;338(7):423–428
  • Woodman CB, Collins S, Winter H, et al. Natural history of cervical human papillomavirus infection in young women: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet. 2001 Jun 9;357(9271):1831–1836
  • Winer RL, Lee SK, Hughes JP, et al. Genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Feb 1;157(3):218–226
  • Molano M, Van Den Brule A, Plummer M, et al. Determinants of clearance of human papillomavirus infections in Colombian women with normal cytology: a population-based, 5-year follow-up study. Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Sep 1;158(5):486–494
  • Dunne EF, Markowitz LE, Saraiya M, et al. CDC grand rounds: reducing the burden of HPV-associated cancer and disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jan 31;63(4):69–72
  • Basu P, Banerjee D, Singh P, et al. Efficacy and safety of human papillomavirus vaccine for primary prevention of cervical cancer: a review of evidence from phase III trials and national programs. South Asian J Cancer. 2013;2(4):187–192.
  • Schiller JT, Castellsague X, Garland SM. A review of clinical trials of human papillomavirus prophylactic vaccines. Vaccine. 2012;30(Suppl 5):F123–138.
  • Klein NP, Hansen J, Chao C, et al. Safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine administered routinely to females. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012;166(12):1140–1148.
  • Chao C, Klein NP, Velicer CM, et al. Surveillance of autoimmune conditions following routine use of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine. J Intern Med. 2012;271(2):193–203.
  • Vichnin M, Bonanni P, Klein NP, et al. An overview of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine safety: 2006 to 2015. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(9):983–991.
  • Stillo M, Carrillo Santisteve P, Lopalco PL. Safety of human papillomavirus vaccines: a review. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2015 May;14(5):697–712.
  • Vesikari T, Brodszki N, van Damme P, et al. A randomized, double-blind, phase III study of the immunogenicity and safety of a 9-valent human papillomavirus L1 virus-like particle vaccine (V503) versus gardasil(R) in 9-15-year-old girls. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(9):992–998.
  • Petrosky E, Bocchini JA, Hariri S, et al. Use of 9-valent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: updated HPV vaccination recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Mmwr-Morbid Mortal W. 2015 Mar 27;64(11):300–304
  • Ault KA. Effect of prophylactic human papillomavirus L1 virus-like-particle vaccine on risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2, grade 3, and adenocarcinoma in situ: a combined analysis of four randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2007;369(9576):1861–1868.
  • Weinstock H, Berman S, Cates W Jr. Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000. Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004 Jan-Feb;36(1):6–10.
  • Martinez G, Copen CE, Abma JC. Teenagers in the United States: sexual activity, contraceptive use, and childbearing, 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat. 2011;23(31):1–35.
  • Liddon NC, Leichliter JS, Markowitz LE. Human papillomavirus vaccine and sexual behavior among adolescent and young women. Am J Prev Med. 2012 Jan;42(1):44–52.
  • Bednarczyk RA, Davis R, Ault K, et al. Sexual activity-related outcomes after human papillomavirus vaccination of 11- to 12-year-olds. Pediatrics. 2012;130(5):798–805.
  • Jena AB, Goldman DP, Seabury SA. Incidence of sexually transmitted infections after human papillomavirus vaccination among adolescent females. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Apr;175(4):617–623.
  • Smith LM, Kaufman JS, Strumpf EC, et al. Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls: the Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study. Can Med Assoc J. 2015 Feb 3;187(2):E74–E81
  • Opel DJ, Heritage J, Taylor JA, et al. The architecture of provider-parent vaccine discussions at health supervision visits. Pediatrics. 2013;132(6):1037–1046.
  • Opel DJ, Mangione-Smith R, Robinson JD, et al. The influence of provider communication behaviors on parental vaccine acceptance and visit experience. Am J Prev Med. 2015;105(10):1998–2004.
  • Rosenthal SL, Weiss TW, Zimet GD, et al. Predictors of HPV vaccine uptake among women aged 19-26: importance of a physician’s recommendation. Vaccine. 2011 Jan 29;29(5):890–895
  • Henrikson NB, Opel DJ, Grothaus L, et al. Physician communication training and parental vaccine hesitancy: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2015 Jul;136(1):70–79.

• This trial of physician communication training fails to improve parental vaccine hesitancy indicating a need to look to population health strategies to improve human papillomavirus vaccination rates.

  • Leask J, Kinnersley P. Physician communication with vaccine-hesitant parents: the start, not the end, of the story. Pediatrics. 2015;136(1):180–182.
  • Nyhan B, Reifler J, Richey S, et al. Effective messages in vaccine promotion: a randomized trial. Pediatrics. 2014;133(4):e835–842.
  • Nyhan B, Reifler J. Does correcting myths about the flu vaccine work? An experimental evaluation of the effects of corrective information. Vaccine. 2015;33(3):459–464.
  • Nyhan B, Reifler J. When corrections fail: the persistence of political misperceptions. Polit Behav. 2010;32(2):303–330.
  • Horne Z, Powell D, Hummel JE, et al. Countering antivaccination attitudes. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2015;112(33):10321–10324.
  • Fu LY, Bonhomme L-A, Cooper SC, et al. Educational interventions to increase HPV vaccination acceptance: a systematic review. Vaccine. 2014;32(17):1901–1920.

• This systematic review demonstrates the failure of educational interventions to increase human papillomavirus vaccination acceptance.

  • Sherris J, Friedman A, Wittet S, et al. Chapter 25: Education, training, and communication for HPV vaccines. Vaccine. 2006 Aug 31;24(Suppl 3):S3/210–218
  • Niccolai LM, Hansen CE. Practice- and community-based interventions to increase human papillomavirus vaccine coverage: a systematic review. JAMA Pediatrics. 2015;169(7):686–692.

• This systematic review identifies a number of evidence-based population health strategies that practices and communities can implement to improve human papillomavirus vaccination rates.

  • Briss PA, Rodewald LE, Hinman AR, et al. Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to improve vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, and adults: the task force on community preventive services. Am J Prev Med. 2000;18(1 Suppl):97–140.
  • Kharbanda EO, Stockwell MS, Fox HW, et al. Text message reminders to promote human papillomavirus vaccination. Vaccine. 2011 Mar 21;29(14):2537–2541
  • Szilagyi PG, Humiston SG, Gallivan S, et al. Effectiveness of a citywide patient immunization navigator program on improving adolescent immunizations and preventive care visit rates. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2011 Jun;165(6):547–553.

• This randomized trial demonstrates that reminder/recalls work for human papillomavirus vaccination uptake along with other adolescent vaccinations and adolescent preventive visits.

  • Suh CA, Saville A, Daley MF, et al. Effectiveness and net cost of reminder/recall for adolescent immunizations. Pediatrics. 2012;129(6):e1437–1445.
  • Fiks AG, Grundmeier RW, Mayne S, et al. Effectiveness of decision support for families, clinicians, or both on HPV vaccine receipt. Pediatrics. 2013;131(6):1114–1124.
  • Szilagyi PG, Albertin C, Humiston SG, et al. A randomized trial of the effect of centralized reminder/recall on immunizations and preventive care visits for adolescents. Acad Pediatr. 2013;13(3):204–213.
  • Cassidy B, Braxter B, Charron-Prochownik D, et al. A quality improvement initiative to increase HPV vaccine rates using an educational and reminder strategy with parents of preteen girls. J Pediatr Health Car. 2014;28(2):155–164.
  • Matheson EC, Derouin A, Gagliano M, et al. Increasing HPV vaccination series completion rates via text message reminders. J Pediatr Health Car. 2014;28(4):E35–E39.
  • Nettleman MD, Garcia-Chen V. Vaccinating through a lifetime: adult priorities [Internet]. South Dakota Med. Special Edition 2013. Chapter 11. p. 73–79. [cited 2015 Nov 21] Available from: https://www.sdsma.org/docs/pdfs-new_site/Journal/2013/SDMSpecial%20Issue2013l.pdf
  • Elam-Evans LD, Yankey D, Jeyarajah J, et al. National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years–United States, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Jul 25;63(29):625–633
  • Dempsey AF, Pyrzanowski J, Brewer S, et al. Acceptability of using standing orders to deliver human papillomavirus vaccines in the outpatient obstetrician/gynecologist setting. Vaccine. 2015 Apr 8;33(15):1773–1779
  • Bundy DG, Persing NM, Solomon BS, et al. Improving immunization delivery using an electronic health record: the ImmProve Project. Acad Pediatr. 2013;13(5):458–465.
  • Moss JL, Reiter PL, Dayton A, et al. Increasing adolescent immunization by webinar: a brief provider intervention at federally qualified health centers. Vaccine. 2012 Jul 13;30(33):4960–4963
  • Gilkey MB, Dayton AM, Moss JL, et al. Increasing provision of adolescent vaccines in primary care: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2014;134(2):e346–353.
  • Shah PD, Gilkey MB, Pepper JK, et al. Promising alternative settings for HPV vaccination of US adolescents. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014;13(2):235–246.
  • Ladner J, Besson MH, Rodrigues M, et al. Performance of 21 HPV vaccination programs implemented in low and middle-income countries, 2009-2013. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:670.

•• Ladner et al. reports a wide variety of countries have put in place a variety of population health initiatives to improve human papillomavirus vaccination rates successfully including school-located immunization programs.

  • World Health Organization. HPV vaccination. In: Comprehensive cervical cancer control: a guide to essential practice (C4 GEP). 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. p. 30.
  • Community Preventive Services Task Force. Increasing appropriate vaccination: vaccination programs in schools and organized child care centers. Guide to Community Preventive Services. 2014 Jun 3 [cited 2015 Sep 2]. Available from: http://www.thecommunityguide.org/vaccines/schools_childcare.html
  • Kwong JC, Ge H, Rosella LC, et al. School-based influenza vaccine delivery, vaccination rates, and healthcare use in the context of a universal influenza immunization program: an ecological study. Vaccine. 2010 Mar 24;28(15):2722–2729
  • Wilson SE, Harris T, Sethi P, et al. Coverage from Ontario, Canada’s school-based HPV vaccine program: the first three years. Vaccine. 2013 Jan 21;31(5):757–762
  • McClure CA, MacSwain MA, Morrison H, et al. Human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in boys and girls in a school-based vaccine delivery program in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Vaccine. 2015 Apr 8;33(15):1786–1790
  • Sheridan A, White J. Annual HPV vaccine coverage in England in 2009/2010. DataParliamentUK. 2010 Dec 22 [cited 2015 Sep 2]. Available from: http://data.parliament.uk/DepositedPapers/Files/DEP2012-1386/PQ119371-2.pdf
  • Fregnani JH, Carvalho AL, Eluf-Neto J, et al. A school-based human papillomavirus vaccination program in Barretos, Brazil: final results of a demonstrative study. PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e62647.
  • Binagwaho A, Wagner CM, Gatera M, et al. Achieving high coverage in Rwanda’s national human papillomavirus vaccination programme. Bull World Health Organ. 2012 Aug 1;90(8):623–628
  • Watson M, Shaw D, Molchanoff L, et al. Challenges, lessons learned and results following the implementation of a human papilloma virus school vaccination program in South Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2009;33(4):365–370.
  • Bernard DM, Cooper Robbins SC, McCaffery KJ, et al. The domino effect: adolescent girls’ response to human papillomavirus vaccination. Med J Aust. 2011 Mar 21;194(6):297–300
  • Humiston SG, Poehling KA, Szilagyi PG. School-located influenza vaccination: can collaborative efforts go the distance? Acad Pediatr. 2014 May-Jun;14(3):219–220.
  • Kempe A, Daley MF, Pyrzanowski J, et al. School-located influenza vaccination with third-party billing: what do parents think? Acad Pediatr. 2014;14(3):241–248.
  • Kempe A, Daley MF, Pyrzanowski J, et al. School-located influenza vaccination with third-party billing: outcomes, cost, and reimbursement. Acad Pediatr. 2014;14(3):234–240.
  • Stubbs BW, Panozzo CA, Moss JL, et al. Evaluation of an intervention providing HPV vaccine in schools. Am J Health Behav. 2014;38(1):92–102.
  • Kelminson K, Saville A, Seewald L, et al. Parental views of school-located delivery of adolescent vaccines. J Adolesc Health. 2012;51(2):190–196.
  • Venkatesh SR, Acosta AB, Middleman AB. Private middle school parents’ perspectives regarding school-located immunization programs (SLIPs). J Sch Nurs. 2013 Aug;29(4):315–319.
  • Gargano LM, Weiss P, Underwood NL, et al. School-located vaccination clinics for adolescents: correlates of acceptance among parents. J Community Health. 2015;40(4):660–669.
  • Hayes KA, Entzel P, Berger W, et al. Early lessons learned from extramural school programs that offer HPV vaccine. J Sch Health. 2013;83(2):119–126.
  • Daley MF, Kempe A, Pyrzanowski J, et al. School-located vaccination of adolescents with insurance billing: cost, reimbursement, and vaccination outcomes. J Adolescent Health: Official Publication Soc Adolesc Med. 2014;54(3):282–288.
  • Gostin LO, DeAngelis CD. Mandatory HPV vaccination: public health vs private wealth. JAMA. 2007;297(17):1921–1923.
  • Colgrove J. The ethics and politics of compulsory HPV vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(23):2389–2391.
  • Naifeh M, Ang S, Darden PM. Provider recommendation of HPV vaccine: how much difference does it make nationally and in Oklahoma? J Invest Med. 2011 Feb;59(2):474.
  • Ylitalo KR, Lee H, Mehta NK. Health care provider recommendation, human papillomavirus vaccination, and race/ethnicity in the US National Immunization Survey. Am J Public Health. 2013 Jan;103(1):164–169.
  • Darden PM, Jacobson RM. Impact of a physician recommendation. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014 Sep;10(9):2632–2635.
  • Jacobson RM. Making the C.A.S.E. for the human papillomavirus vaccine: how to talk to parents and adolescents. Minn Med. 2014 Feb;97(2):38–42.
  • Jacobson RM, Van Etta L, Bahta L. The C.A.S.E. approach: guidance for talking to vaccine-hesitant parents. Minn Med. 2013 Apr;96(4):49–50.
  • The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. The HPV vaccine: access and use in the U.S. Fact Sheet. Women’s Health Policy. 2015 Feb 26 [cited 2015 Sep 2]. Available from: http://kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-hpv-vaccine-access-and-use-in/.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.