References
- Chan LG, Parashar UD, Lye MS, et al. Deaths of children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sarawak, Malaysia: clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;31(3):678–683.
- Tu PV, Thao NTT, Perera D, et al. Epidemiologic and virologic investigation of hand, foot and mouth disease, Southern Vietnam, 2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1733–1741.
- Chumakov M, Voroshilova M, Shindarov L, et al. Enterovirus 71 isolated from cases of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease in Bulgaria. Arch Virol. 1979;60(3–4):329–340.
- Mizuta K, Abiko C, Murata T, et al. Frequent importation of enterovirus 71 from surrounding countries into the local community of Yamagata, Japan, between 1998 and 2003. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(12):6171–6175.
- Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. Taiwan enterovirus epidemic working group. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(13):929–935.
- Kim KH. Enterovirus 71 infection: an experience in Korea, 2009. Korean J Pediatr. 2010;53(5):616–622.
- Shah VA, Chong CY, Kp C, et al. Clinical characteristics of an outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2003;32(3):381–387.
- Tan X, Huang X, Zhu S, et al. The persistent circulation of enterovirus 71 in People’s Republic of China: causing emerging nationwide epidemics since 2008. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e25662.
- National outline of epidemic situation of statutory infectious diseases [Internet]. [cited 2015 Aug 11]. Available from: www.nhfpc.gov.cn/zhuzhan/yqxx/lists.shtml
- Liu SL, Pan H, Liu P, et al. Comparative epidemiology and virology of fatal and nonfatal cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in mainland China from 2008 to 2014. Rev Med Virol. 2015;25(2):115–128.
- Cheng A, Fung CP, Liu CC, et al. A phase I, randomized, open-label study to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an enterovirus 71 vaccine. Vaccine. 2013;31(20):2471–2476.
- Meng FY, Li JX, Li XL, et al. Tolerability and immunogenicity of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in Chinese healthy adults and children: an open label, phase 1 clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012;8(5):668–674.
- Yp L, Liang ZL, Gao Q, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a novel human enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase I clinical trial. Vaccine. 2012;30(22):3295–3303.
- An inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine were approved into market of china by China food and drug administration [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 3]. Available from: http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0051/136853.html
- Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA. Vaccines. Britain: Elsevier; 2013.
- Ma B, Maraj B, Tran NP, et al. Emerging human papillomavirus vaccines. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2012;17(4):469–492.
- Schiller JT, Castellsagué X, Garland SM. A review of clinical trials of human papillomavirus prophylactic vaccines. Vaccine. 2012;30(5):F123–F138.
- Liang YZ, Hong L, Liu LD, et al. Large scale preparation of enterovirus type 71 inactivated vaccine in human diploid cells and its immunogenic study. Chin J Viral Dis. 2012;2(6):9–14.
- Li R, Liu L, Mo Z, et al. An inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in healthy children. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(9):829–837.
- Zhang Y, Liu LD, Dong CH, et al. Consistency of various batches of inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine. Chin J Biologicals. 2015;28(3):223–232.
- Zhu F, Xu W, Xia J, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of an enterovirus 71 vaccine in China. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(9):818–828.
- Hu YM, Wang X, Wang JZ, et al. Immunogenicity, safety, and lot consistency of a novel inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in Chinese children aged 6 to 59 months. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2013;20(12):1805–1811.
- Li XL, Zhang ZY, Wang XX, et al. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the inactivated EV71 vaccine. Chin J Viral Dis. 2012;2(6):15–18.
- Zhu FC, Meng FY, Li JX, et al. Efficacy, safety, and immunology of an inactivated alum-adjuvant enterovirus 71 vaccine in children in China: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9882):2024–2032.
- Chen YJ, Meng FY, Mao Q, et al. Clinical evaluation for batch consistency of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in a large-scale phase 3 clinical trial. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(5):1366–1372.
- Liu CC, Guo MS, Lin FHY, et al. Purification and characterization of EV71 viral particles produced from vero cell grown in a serum-free microcarrier bioreactor system. PLoS One. 2011;6(5):e20005.
- Chang JY, Chang CP, Tsai HHP, et al. Selection and characterization of vaccine strain for enterovirus 71 vaccine development. Vaccine. 2012;30(4):703–711.
- Safety and immunogenicity study of an inactivated vaccine against hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 [Internet]. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01376479. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: https://prsinfo.clinicaltrial.gov/ct2/show/nct01376479?term=inviragen+%28singapore%29+pte+ltd.&rank=1%202013
- Chou AH, Liu CC, Chang JY, et al. Formalin-inactivated EV71 vaccine candidate induced cross-neutralizing antibody against subgenotypes B1, B4, B5 and C4A in adult volunteers. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79783.
- Lin YC, Wu CN, Shih SR, et al. Characterization of a vero cell-adapted virulent strain of enterovirus 71 suitable for use as a vaccine candidate. Vaccine. 2002;20(19–20):2485–2493.
- Lin YL, Yu CI, Hu YC, et al. Enterovirus type 71 neutralizing antibodies in the serum of macaque monkeys immunized with EV71 virus-like particles. Vaccine. 2012;30(7):1305–1312.
- Zhou SL, Ying XL, Han X, et al. Characterization of the enterovirus 71 VP1 protein as a vaccine candidate. J Med Virol. 2015;87(2):256–262.
- Liang Z, Wang J. EV71 vaccine, an invaluable gift for children. Clin Transl Immunol. 2014;3(10):e28.
- Chong P, Liu CC, Chow YH, et al. Review of enterovirus 71 vaccines. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(5):797–803.
- Chong P, Hsieh SY, Liu CC, et al. Production of EV71 vaccine candidates. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012;8(12):1775–1783.
- Chou AH, Liu CC, Chang JY, et al. Immunological evaluation and comparison of different EV71 vaccine candidates. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:831282.
- Wu CY, Lin YW, Kuo CH, et al. Inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine produced by 200-l scale serum-free microcarrier bioreactor system provides cross-protective efficacy in human SCARB2 transgenic mouse. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0136420.
- A clinical study for inactivated vaccine against EV71. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02200237 [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02200237?term=EV71+Vaccine&rank=14
- Hwa SH, Lee YA, Brewoo JN, et al. Preclinical evaluation of the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated enterovirus 71 candidate vaccine. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(11):e2538.
- Liu L, Mo Z, Liang Z, et al. Immunity and clinical efficacy of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine in healthy Chinese children: a report of further observations. BMC Med. 2015;13:226.
- Liang Z, Mao Q, Gao Q, et al. Establishing China’s national standards of antigen content and neutralizing antibody responses for evaluation of enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines. Vaccine. 2011;29(52):9668–9674.
- Mao QY, Yao X, Liang ZL. Quality control and evaluation of new enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccines. Chin Pharm Aff. 2012;26(16):1319–1321.
- Mao Q, Li N, Yu X, et al. Antigenicity, animal protective effect and genetic characteristics of candidate vaccine strains of enterovirus 71. Arch Virol. 2012;157(1):37–41.
- Xing WJ, Liao QH, Viboud C, et al. Hand, foot, and mouth disease in China, 2008-12: an epidemiological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(4):308–318.
- Zhang H, An D, Liu W, et al. Analysis of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies in human HFMD serum with an EV71 pseudovirus-based assay. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100545.
- Mao Q, Cheng T, Zhu F, et al. The cross-neutralizing activity of enterovirus 71 subgenotype c4 vaccines in healthy Chinese infants and children. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e79599.
- Mao Q, Dong C, Li X, et al. Comparative analysis of the immunogenicity and protective effects of inactivated EV71 vaccines in mice. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e46043.
- WHO international biological reference preparations[Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/ref_materials/en/
- Guidelines on the quality, safety and efficacy of dengue tetravalent vaccines (live, attenuated)[Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2013/april/4_Dengue_SAGE_Apr2013_Vaccine_Guidelines.pdf?ua=1
- Thomas SJ, Hombach J, Barrett A. Scientific consultation on cell mediated immunity (CMI) in dengue and dengue vaccine development. Vaccine. 2009;27(3):355–368.
- Hombach J, Cardosa MJ, Sabchareon A, et al. Scientific consultation on immunological correlates of protection induced by dengue vaccines report from a meeting held at the World Health Organization 17–18 November 2005. Vaccine. 2007;25(21):4130–4139.
- Dengue: guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/dengue_9789241547871/en/
- Global strategy for dengue prevention and control 2012-2020 [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/9789241504034/en/
- Schmitz J, Roehrig J, Barrett A, et al. Next generation dengue vaccines: a review of candidates in preclinical development. Vaccine. 2011;29(42):7276–7284.
- Guidelines for plaque reduction neutralization testing of human antibodies to dengue viruses [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/WHO_IVB_07.07/en/
- Guidelines to the clinical evaluation of dengue vaccines in endemic areas [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/WHO_IVB_08.12/en/
- Guidelines to assure the quality, safety and efficacy of recombinant human papillomavirus virus-like particle vaccines [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/biologicals/vaccines/human_papillomavirus_HPV/en/
- WHO IARC working group reports. Primary Endpoints for (Prophylactic) HPV Vaccine Trials [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wrk/index.php
- WHO meeting on the standardization of HPV assays and the role of WHO HPV LabNet in supporting vaccine introduction [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/biologicals/publications/meetings/areas/vaccines/human_papillomavirus/HPV%20Jan%20meeting%20report_20080909%20_Clean_.pdf?ua=1
- WHO HPV LabNet training workshop on HPV genotyping and HPV serology laboratory performance [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/biologicals/vaccines/hpv/HPV_Training_Workshop_CHUV_mTG_report_20052010.pdf?ua=1
- A guide to clinical management and public health response for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.wpro.who.int/publications/docs/GuidancefortheclinicalmanagementofHFMD.pdf
- WHO expert committee on biological standardization (ECBS) [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.who.int/biologicals/WHO_ECBS/en/
- Report online [Internet]. [cited 2015 Dec 31]. Available from: http://www.ynepb.gov.cn/hpgl/jsxmhbys/npzysxmgs/201507/t20150709_90715.html
- Ferson MJ, Bell SM. Outbreak of coxsackievirus A16 hand, foot, and mouth disease in a child day-care center. Am J Public Health. 1991;81:1675–1676.
- Bendig JW, Fleming DM. Epidemiological, virological, and clinical features of an epidemic of hand, foot, and mouth disease in England and Wales. Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1996;6:R81–6.
- Chang LY. Enterovirus 71 in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol. 2008;49:103–112.
- Kar BR, Dwibedi B, Kar SK. An outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Indian Pediatr. 2013;50:139–142.
- Puenpa J, Chieochansin T, Linsuwanon P. Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by coxsackievirus A6, Thailand, 2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19(4):641–643.
- Lu J, Zeng H, Zheng H, et al. Hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangdong, China, in 2013: new trends in the continuing epidemic. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(7):O442–5.
- Li JL, Yuan J, Yang F, et al. Epidemic characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in southern China, 2013: coxsackievirus A6 has emerged as the predominant causative agent. J Infect. 2014;69(3):299–303.
- Yao X, Bian LL, Lu WW, et al. Enterovirus spectrum from the active surveillance of hand foot and mouth disease patients under the clinical trial of inactivated enterovirus A71 vaccine in Jiangsu, China, 2012-2013. J Med Virol. 2015;87(12):2009–2017.
- Liu CC, Chow YH, Chong P, et al. Prospect and challenges for the development of multivalent vaccines against hand, foot and mouth diseases. Vaccine. 2014;32(47):6177–6182.
- Bian L, Wang Y, Yao X, et al. Coxsackievirus A6: a new emerging pathogen causing hand, foot and mouth disease outbreaks worldwide. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13(9):1061–1071.
- Klein M, Chong P. Is a multivalent hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccine feasible? Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2015;11(11):2688–2704.
- Chen SP, Huang YC, Li WC, et al. Comparison of clinical features between coxsackievirus A2 and enterovirus 71 during the enterovirus outbreak in Taiwan, 2008: a children’s hospital experience. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2010;43(2):99–104.
- Puenpa J, Mauleekoonphairoj J, Linsuwanon P, et al. Prevalence and characterization of enterovirus infections among pediatric patients with hand foot mouth disease, herpangina and influenza like illness in Thailand, 2012. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e98888.
- El Houmami N, Minodier P, Dubourg G, et al. An outbreak of kingellakingae infections associated with hand, foot and mouth disease/herpangina virus outbreak in Marseille, France, 2013. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2015;34(3):246–250.
- Wang YF, Yu CK. Animal models of enterovirus 71 infection: applications and limitations. J Biomed Sci. 2014;21:31.
- Huang PN, Shih SR. Update on enterovirus 71 infection. Curr Opin Virol. 2014;5:98–104.
- Chen CW, Lee YP, Wang YF, et al. Formaldehyde-inactivated human enterovirus 71 vaccine is compatible for co-immunization with a commercial pentavalent vaccine. Vaccine. 2011;29(15):2772–2776.
- Noad R, Roy P. Virus-like particles as immunogens. Trends Microbiol. 2003;11(9):438–444.
- Chackerian B. Virus-like particles: flexible platforms for vaccine development. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2007;6(3):381–390.
- Ku Z, Liu Q, Ye X, et al. A virus-like particle based bivalent vaccine confers dual protection against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 infections in mice. Vaccine. 2014;32(34):4296–4303.
- Han X, Ying XL, Zhou SL, et al. Characterization of the enterovirus 71 P1 polyprotein expressed in Pichia pastor as a candidate vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(8):2220–2226.
- Zhang C, Ku Z, Liu Q, et al. High-yield production of recombinant virus-like particles of enterovirus 71 in Pichia pastoris and their protective efficacy against oral viral challenge in mice. Vaccine. 2015;33(20):2335–2341.
- Sun S, Jiang L, Liang Z, et al. Evaluation of monovalent and bivalent vaccines against lethal enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 infection in newborn mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(10):2885–2895.
- Lin CW, Liu CC, Lu TC, et al. Immunogenicity studies of bivalent inactivated virions of EV71/CVA16 formulated with submicron emulsion systems. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:670506.
- Zhao H, Li HY, Han JF, et al. Novel recombinant chimeric virus-like particle is immunogenic and protective against both enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 in mice. Sci Rep. 2015;5:7878.