Randomized clinical studies of anti-tumor vaccination: state of the art in 2008

References

• Matzinger P. An innate sense of danger. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.961, 341–342 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro J, Marshall J, Karasek P et al. G17DT+gemcitabine [Gem] versus placebo+Gem in untreated subjects with locally advanced, recurrent, or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas: results of a randomized, double-blind, multinational, multicenter study. J. Clin. Oncol.23(Suppl. 16), Abstract 4012 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilliam AD, Topuzov EG, Garin AM et al. Randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre, group-sequential trial of G17DT for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer unsuitable or unwilling to take chemotherapy. J. Clin. Oncol.22(14), (Suppl. 14), Abstract 2511 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• He AR, Marshall JL. Clinical experiences with G17DT in gastrointestinal malignancies. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther.6(4), 487–492 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmberg LA, Sandmaier BM. Vaccination with Theratope (STn-KLH) as treatment for breast cancer. Expert Rev. Vaccines3(6), 655–663 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miles DW, Towlson KE, Graham R et al. A randomised Phase II study of sialyl-Tn and DETOX-B adjuvant with or without cyclophosphamide pretreatment for the active specific immunotherapy of breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer.74(8), 1292–1296 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miles D, Cameron D, Dodwell D et al. Pretreatment chemotherapy (CX) regimen and responses in 1028 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients from an international, randomized Phase III clinical trial of STn-KLH therapeutic vaccine. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.22, 55 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Mayordomo J, Tres A, Miles D, Finke L, Jenkins H. Long term follow-up of patients concomittantly treated with hormone therapy in a prospective randomized multicenter clinical study comparing STn-KLH with KLH as control in stage IV breast cancer following first-line chemotherapy. ASCO Proc.22, 2603 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Ibrahim NK, Murray J, Parker J, Finkes L, Miles D. Humoral immune response to naturally occuring STn in metastatic breast cancer patients (MBC pts) treated with STn-KLH vaccine. ASCO Proc.22, 2547 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Curigliano G, Rescigno M, Goldhirsch A. Immunology and breast cancer: therapeutic cancer vaccines. Breast.16(Suppl. 2), S20–S26 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butts C, Murray N, Maksymiuk A et al. Randomized Phase IIB trial of BLP25 liposome vaccine in stage IIIB and IV non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.23(27), 6674–6681 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Apostolopoulos V, Pietersz GA, Tsibanis A et al. Pilot Phase III immunotherapy study in early-stage breast cancer patients using oxidized mannan-MUC1 [ISRCTN71711835]. Breast Cancer Res.8(3), R27 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knutson KL. GMK (Progenics Pharmaceuticals). Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs3(1), 159–164 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helling F, Calves M, Shang Y, Oettgen HF, Livingston PO. Construction of immunogenic GD3-conjugate vaccines. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.690, 396–397 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston PO. Approaches to augmenting the IgG antibody response to melanoma ganglioside vaccines. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.690, 204–213 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston PO. Sequential immunization of melanoma patients with GD3 ganglioside vaccine and anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody that mimics GD3 ganglioside. Clin. Cancer Res.10(14), 4717–4723 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livingston PO, Wong GY, Adluri S et al. Improved survival in stage III melanoma patients with GM2 antibodies: a randomized trial of adjuvant vaccination with GM2 ganglioside. J. Clin. Oncol.12(5), 1036–1044 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sosman JA et al. High-dose interferon α2b significantly prolongs relapse-free and overall survival compared with the GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccine in patients with resected stage IIB–III melanoma: results of intergroup trial E1694/S9512/C509801. J. Clin. Oncol.19(9), 2370–2380 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkwood JM, Ibrahim JG, Sosman JA et al. High-dose interferon α-2b significantly prolongs relapse-free and overall survival compared with the GM2-KLH/QS-21 vaccine in patients with resected stage IIB–III melanoma: results of intergroup trial E1694/S9512/C509801. J. Clin. Oncol.19(9), 2370–2380 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vansteenkiste J, Zielinski M, Dahabre J et al. Multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Phase II study to assess the efficacy of recombinant MAGE-A3 vaccine as adjuvant therapy in stage IB/II MAGE-A3-positive, completely resected, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J. Clin. Oncol.24(1), (Suppl. 18S), Abstract 7019 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Gonzalez G, Crombet T, Torres F et al. Epidermal growth factor-based cancer vaccine for non-small-cell lung cancer therapy. Ann. Oncol.14(3), 461–466 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neninger Vinageras E, de la Torre A, Osorio Rodríguez M et al. Phase II randomized controlled trial of an epidermal growth factor vaccine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.26(9), 1452–1458 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García B, Neninger E, de la Torre A et al. Effective inhibition of the epidermal growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor binding by anti-epidermal growth factor antibodies is related to better survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients treated with the epidermal growth factor cancer vaccine. Clin. Cancer Res.14(3), 840–846 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triozzi PL, Gochnour D, Martin EW et al. Clinical and immunological effects of a synthetic β-human chorionic gonadotropin vaccine. Int. J. Oncol.,5, 1447–1454 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moulton HM, Yoshihara PH, Mason DH, Iversen PL, Triozzi PL. Active specific immunotherapy with a β-human chorionic gonadotropin peptide vaccine in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, antibody response is associated with improved survival. Clin. Cancer Res.8(7), 2044–2051 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melanoma Study Group of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Celis E. Overlapping human leukocyte antigen class I/II binding peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with stage IV melanoma: evidence of systemic immune dysfunction. Cancer110(1), 203–214 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markovic SN, Suman VJ, Ingle JN et al. Peptide vaccination of patients with metastatic melanoma: improved clinical outcome in patients demonstrating effective immunization. Am. J. Clin. Oncol.29(4), 352–360 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamid O, Solomon JC, Scotland R et al. Alum with interleukin-12 augments immunity to a melanoma peptide vaccine: correlation with time to relapse in patients with resected high-risk disease. Clin. Cancer Res.13(1), 215–222 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slingluff CL Jr, Petroni GR, Yamshchikov GV et al. Immunologic and clinical outcomes of vaccination with a multiepitope melanoma peptide vaccine plus low-dose interleukin-2 administered either concurrently or on a delayed schedule. J. Clin. Oncol.22(22), 4474–4485 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slingluff CL Jr, Petroni GR, Chianese-Bullock KA et al. Immunologic and clinical outcomes of a randomized Phase II trial of two multipeptide vaccines for melanoma in the adjuvant setting. Clin. Cancer Res.13(21), 6386–6395 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez R, Hutchins L, Nemunaitis J, Atkins M, Schwarzenberger PO. Phase 2 trial of allovectin-7 in advanced metastatic melanoma. Melanoma Res.16(6), 521–526 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrulio CA, Kaufman HL. Development of the PANVAC-VF vaccine for pancreatic cancer. Expert Rev. Vaccines5(1), 9–19 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman HL, Wang W, Manola J et al. Phase II randomized study of vaccine treatment of advanced prostate cancer (E7897): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J. Clin. Oncol.22(11), 2122–2132 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman HL, Wang W, Manola J et al. Phase II prime/boost vaccination using poxviruses expressing PSA in hormone dependent prostate cancer: follow-up clinical results from ECOG 7897. 2005 ASCO Annual Meeting. J. Clin. Oncol.23,(Suppl. 16) Abstract 4501 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• de Cerio AL, Zabalegui N, Rodríguez-Calvillo M, Inogés S, Bendandi M. Anti-idiotype antibodies in cancer treatment. Oncogene26(25), 3594–3602 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCaffery M, Yao TJ, Williams L, Livingston PO, Houghton AN, Chapman PB. Immunization of melanoma patients with BEC2 anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody that mimics GD3 ganglioside: enhanced immunogenicity when combined with adjuvant. Clin. Cancer Res.2(4), 679–686 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant SC, Kris MG, Houghton AN, Chapman PB. Long survival of patients with small cell lung cancer after adjuvant treatment with the anti-idiotypic antibody BEC2 plus bacillus Calmette–Guérin. Clin. Cancer Res.5(6), 1319–1323 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao TJ, Meyers M, Livingston PO, Houghton AN, Chapman PB. Immunization of melanoma patients with BEC2-keyhole limpet hemocyanin plus BCG intradermally followed by intravenous booster immunizations with BEC2 to induce anti-GD3 ganglioside antibodies. Clin. Cancer Res.5(1), 77–81 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giaccone G, Debruyne C, Felip E et al. Phase III study of adjuvant vaccination with Bec2/bacille Calmette–Guerin in responding patients with limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 08971–08971B; Silva Study). J. Clin. Oncol.23(28), 6854–6864 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foon KA, John WJ, Chakraborty M et al. Clinical and immune responses in resected colon cancer patients treated with anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody vaccine that mimics the carcinoembryonic antigen. J. Clin. Oncol.17(9), 2889–2885 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krug LM, Grant SC, Miller VA, Ng KK, Kris MG. Strategies to eradicate minimal residual disease in small cell lung cancer: high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, and BEC2 plus BCG vaccination. Semin. Oncol.26(5 Suppl. 15), 55–61 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posner MC, Niedzwiecki D, Venook AP et al. A Phase II prospective multi-institutional trial of adjuvant active specific immunotherapy following curative resection of colorectal cancer hepatic metastases: cancer and leukemia group B study 89903. Ann. Surg. Oncol.15(1), 158–164 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blumenthal RD. Technology evaluation: Onyvax-105, Onyvax. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther.5(6), 668–672 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maxwell-Armstrong CA, Durrant LG, Buckley TJ et al. Randomized double-blind Phase II survival study comparing immunization with the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 105AD7 against placebo in advanced colorectal cancer. Br. J. Cancer84(11), 1443–1446 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maxwell-Armstrong C. Studies using the anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody 105AD7 in patients with primary and advanced colorectal cancer. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl.84(5), 314–318 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullenhag GJ, Spendlove I, Watson NF et al. A neoadjuvant/adjuvant randomized trial of colorectal cancer patients vaccinated with an anti-idiotypic antibody, 105AD7, mimicking CD55. Clin. Cancer Res.12(24), 7389–7396 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samonigg H, Wilders-Truschnig M, Kuss I et al. A double-blind randomized-Phase II trial comparing immunization with antiidiotype goat antibody vaccine SCV 106 versus unspecific goat antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J. Immunother.22(6), 481–488 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Redfern CH, Guthrie TH, Bessudo A et al. Phase II trial of idiotype vaccination in previously treated patients with indolent non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma resulting in durable clinical responses. J. Clin. Oncol.24(19), 3107–3112 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flowers CR. BiovaxID idiotype vaccination: active immunotherapy for follicular lymphoma. Expert Rev. Vaccines6(3), 307–317 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee ST, Jiang YF, Park KU, Woo AF, Neelapu SS. BiovaxID: a personalized therapeutic cancer vaccine for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.7(1), 113–122 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neelapu SS, Gause BL, Nikcevich DA et al. Phase III randomized trial of patient-specific vaccination for previously untreated patients with follicular lymphoma in first complete remission: protocol summary and interim report. Clin. Lymphoma6(1), 61–64 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morton DL, Foshag LJ, Hoon DS et al. Prolongation of survival in metastatic melanoma after active specific immunotherapy with a new polyvalent melanoma vaccine. Ann. Surg.216(4), 463–482 (1992); erratum: Ann. Surg.217(3), 309 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL, Hsueh EC, Essner R et al. Prolonged survival of patients receiving active immunotherapy with Canvaxin therapeutic polyvalent vaccine after complete resection of melanoma metastatic to regional lymph nodes. Ann. Surg.236(4), 438–448 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsueh EC, Gupta RK, Qi K, Morton DL. Correlation of specific immune responses with survival in melanoma patients with distant metastases receiving polyvalent melanoma cell vaccine. J. Clin. Oncol.16(9), 2913–2920 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morton DL. Presented at: 58th Annual Meeting of the Society of Surgical Oncology. Atlanta, GA, USA, 3–6 March 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Hsueh EC, Famatiga E, Gupta RK, Qi K, Morton DL. Enhancement of complement-dependent cytotoxicity by polyvalent melanoma cell vaccine (CancerVax): correlation with survival. Ann. Surg. Oncol.5(7), 595–602 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemunaitis J, Dillman RO, Schwarzenberger PO et al. Phase II study of belagenpumatucel-L, a transforming growth factor β-2 antisense gene-modified allogeneic tumor cell vaccine in non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.24(29), 4721–4730 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell MS, Von Eschen KB. Phase III trial of Melacine melanoma vaccine versus combination chemotherapy in the treatment of stage IV melanoma. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.16, 496 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell MS. Immunotherapy as part of combinations for the treatment of cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol.3(8), 1051–1059 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sondak VK, Liu PY, Tuthill RJ et al. Adjuvant immunotherapy of resected, intermediate-thickness, node-negative melanoma with an allogeneic tumor vaccine: overall results of a randomized trial of the Southwest Oncology Group. J. Clin. Oncol.20(8), 2058–2066 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosman JA, Unger JM, Liu PY et al. Southwest Oncology Group. Adjuvant immunotherapy of resected, intermediate-thickness, node-negative melanoma with an allogeneic tumor vaccine: impact of HLA class I antigen expression on outcome. J. Clin. Oncol.20(8), 2067–2075 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell MS, Abrams J, Thompson JA et al. Randomized trial of an allogeneic melanoma lysate vaccine with low-dose interferon α-2b compared with high-dose interferon α-2b for resected stage III cutaneous melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol.25(15), 2078–2085 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosman JA, Sondak VK. Melacine: an allogeneic melanoma tumor cell lysate vaccine. Expert Rev. Vaccines2(3), 353–368 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mitchell MS, Harel W, Groshen S. Association of HLA phenotype with response to active specific immunotherapy of melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol.10(7), 1158–1164 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finke LH, Wentworth K, Blumenstein B, Rudolph NS, Levitsky H, Hoos A. Lessons from randomized Phase III studies with active cancer immunotherapies – outcomes from the 2006 meeting of the Cancer Vaccine Consortium (CVC). Vaccine25(Suppl. 2), B97–B109 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bystryn JC, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Oratz R, Shapiro RL, Harris MN, Roses DF. Double-blind trial of a polyvalent, shed-antigen, melanoma vaccine. Clin. Cancer Res.7(7), 1882–1887 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds S, Kiken D, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A et al. Clinical trial with melanoma vaccine. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol.22, 724 (2003) (Abstract 2913).
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds SR, Albrecht J, Shapiro RL et al. Changes in the presence of multiple markers of circulating melanoma cells correlate with clinical outcome in patients with melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res.9(4), 1497–1502 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds SR, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Shapiro RL et al. Vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses to MAGE-3 correlate with clinical outcome in patients with melanoma. Clin. Cancer Res.9(2), 657–662 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallack MK, Sivanandham M, Balch CM et al. A Phase III randomized, double-blind multiinstitutional trial of vaccinia melanoma oncolysate-active specific immunotherapy for patients with stage II melanoma. Cancer75(1), 34–42 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallack MK, Sivanandham M, Whooley B, Ditaranto K, Bartolucci AA. Favorable clinical responses in subsets of patients from a randomized, multi-institutional melanoma vaccine trial. Ann. Surg. Oncol.3(2), 110–117 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallack MK, Sivanandham M, Ditaranto K et al. Increased survival of patients treated with a vaccinia melanoma oncolysate vaccine: second interim analysis of data from a Phase III, multi-institutional trial. Ann. Surg.226(2), 198–206 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallack MK, Sivanandham M, Balch CM et al. Surgical adjuvant active specific immunotherapy for patients with stage III melanoma: the final analysis of data from a Phase III, randomized, double-blind, multicenter vaccinia melanoma oncolysate trial. J. Am. Coll. Surg.187(1), 69–77 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim EM, Sivanandham M, Stavropoulos CI, Bartolucci AA, Wallack MK. Overview analysis of adjuvant therapies for melanoma – a special reference to results from vaccinia melanoma oncolysate adjuvant therapy trials. Surg. Oncol.10(1–2), 53–59 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hersey P, Coates AS, McCarthy WH et al. Adjuvant immunotherapy of patients with high-risk melanoma using vaccinia viral lysates of melanoma: results of a randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol.20(20), 4181–4190 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoover HC Jr, Brandhorst JS, Peters LC et al. Adjuvant active specific immunotherapy for human colorectal cancer: 6.5-year median follow-up of a Phase III prospectively randomized trial. J. Clin. Oncol.11(3), 390–399 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris JE, Ryan L, Hoover HC Jr et al. Adjuvant active specific immunotherapy for stage II and III colon cancer with an autologous tumor cell vaccine: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E5283. J. Clin. Oncol.18(1), 148–157 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vermorken JB, Claessen AM, van Tinteren H et al. Active specific immunotherapy for stage II and stage III human colon cancer: a randomised trial. Lancet353(9150), 345–350 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyl-de Groot CA, Vermorken JB, Hanna MG et al. Immunotherapy with autologous tumor cell-BCG vaccine in patients with colon cancer: a prospective study of medical and economic benefits. Vaccine23(17–18), 2379–2387 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanna MG Jr, Hoover HC Jr, Vermorken JB, Harris JE, Pinedo HM. Adjuvant active specific immunotherapy of stage II and stage III colon cancer with an autologous tumor cell vaccine: first randomized Phase III trials show promise. Vaccine19(17–19), 2576–2582 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galligioni E, Francini M, Quaia M et al. Randomized study of adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous tumor cells and BCG in renal cancer. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.690, 367–369 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galligioni E, Quaia M, Merlo A et al. Adjuvant immunotherapy treatment of renal carcinoma patients with autologous tumor cells and bacillus Calmette–Guerin: five-year results of a prospective randomized study. Cancer77(12), 2560–2566 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jocham D, Richter A, Hoffmann L et al. Adjuvant autologous renal tumour cell vaccine and risk of tumour progression in patients with renal-cell carcinoma after radical nephrectomy: Phase III, randomised controlled trial. Lancet363(9409), 594–599 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amato RJ. Heat-shock protein-peptide complex-96 for the treatment of cancer. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.7(8), 1267–1273 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood CG, Escudier B, Gorelov S et al. A multicenter randomized study of adjuvant heat-shock protein peptide-complex 96 (HSPPC-96) vaccine in patients with high-risk of recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) – a preliminary report. J. Clin. Oncol.22(Suppl. 14), Abstract 2618 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Wood C, Srivastava P, Bukowski R et al. C-100–112 RCC Study Group. An adjuvant autologous therapeutic vaccine (HSPPC-96; vitespen) versus observation alone for patients at high risk of recurrence after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, randomised Phase III trial. Lancet372(9633), 145–154 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards J, Testori A, Whitman E et al. Autologous tumor-derived HSPPC-96 vs. physician’s choice (PC) in a randomized Phase III trial in stage IV melanoma. J. Clin. Oncol.24(Suppl. 18), Abstract 8002 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Testori A, Richards J, Whitman E et al. Phase III comparison of vitespen, an autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein gp96 peptide complex vaccine, with physician’s choice of treatment for stage IV melanoma: the C-100-121 Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol.26(6), 955–962 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuang M, Peng BG, Lu MD et al. Phase II randomized trial of autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine for postsurgical recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res.10(5), 1574–1579 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng BG, Liang LJ, He Q et al. Tumor vaccine against recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol.11(5), 700–704 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohno T. Autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine. Curr. Pharm. Des.11(9), 1181–1188 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng BG, Liang LJ, He Q et al. Use of autologous tumor vaccine in preventing recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi13(10), 772–775 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peng B, Liang L, Chen Z et al. Autologous tumor vaccine lowering postsurgical recurrent rate of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology53(69), 409–414 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ockert D, Schirrmacher V, Beck N et al. Newcastle disease virus infected intact autologous tumor cell vaccine for adjuvant active specific immunotherapy of resected colorectal carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res.2, 21–28 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlag P, Manasterski M, Gerneth Th et al. Active specific immunotherapy with NDV modified autologous tumor cells following liver metastases resection in colorectal cancer: First evaluation of clinical response of a Phase II trial. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.35, 325–330 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirrmacher V, Ahlert T, Pröbstle T et al. Immunization with virus-modified tumor cells. Semin. Oncol.25(6), 677–696 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner HH, Bonsanto MM, Beckhove P et al. Anti-tumor vaccination of patients with glioblastoma multiforme: a pilot study to assess feasibility, safety and clinical benefit. J. Clin. Oncol.22(21), 4272–4281 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahlert T, Sauerbrei W, Bastert G et al. Tumor-cell number and viability as quality and efficacy parameters of autologous virus-modified cancer vaccines in patients with breast or ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.15(4), 1354–1366 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karcher J, Dyckhoff G, Beckhove P et al. Anti-tumor vaccination with HNSCC with autologous virus-modified tumor cells. Cancer Res.64(21), 8057–8061 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulze T, Kemmner W, Weitz J, Wernecke KD, Schirrmacher V, Schlag PM. Efficiency of adjuvant active specific immunization with Newcastle disease virus modified tumor cells in colorectal cancer patients following resection of liver metastases: results of a prospective randomized trial. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.58(1), 61–69 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liang W, Wang H, Sun TM et al. Application of autologous tumor cell vaccine and NDV vaccine in treatment of tumors of digestive tract. World J. Gastroenterol.9(3), 495–498 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schirrmacher V, Fournier P. Newcastle disease virus: a promising vector for viral therapy of cancer. In: Viral Therapy of Cancer. Harrington KJ, Pandha HS, Vile RG (Eds). Wiley Publishers, NJ, USA (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Schadendorf D, Ugurel S, Schuler-Thurner B et al. Dacarbazine (DTIC) versus vaccination with autologous peptide-pulsed dendritic cells (DC) in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: a randomized Phase III trial of the DC study group of the DeCOG. Ann. Oncol.17(4), 563–570 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Chen M, Ren H. Clinical effects of dendritic cells pulsed with autologous hepatoma cell lysates on the postoperative recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi13(6), 432–435 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harzstark AL, Small EJ. Immunotherapy for prostate cancer using antigen-loaded antigen-presenting cells: APC8015 (Provenge). Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.7(8), 1275–1280 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harzstark AL, Small EJ. Sipuleucel-T for the treatment of prostate cancer. Drugs Today (Barc.)44(4), 271–278 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Small EJ, Fratesi P, Reese DM et al. Immunotherapy of hormone-refractory prostate cancer with antigen-loaded dendritic cells. J. Clin. Oncol.18(23), 3894–3903 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price N. Improved survival benefit of autologous dendritic cell-based vaccine for hormone refractory prostate cancer: a retrospective subset analysis of the d9901 trial. Clin. Prostate Cancer2(4), 212 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Small EJ, Schellhammer PF, Higano CS et al. Placebo-controlled Phase III trial of immunologic therapy with Sipuleucel-T (APC8015) in patients with metastatic, asymptomatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. J. Clin. Oncol.24(19), 3089–3094 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schellhammer PF, Hershberg RM. Immunotherapy with autologous antigen presenting cells for the treatment of androgen independent prostate cancer. World J. Urol.23(1), 47–49 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeVita VT Jr. The Provenge decision. Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol.4(7), 381 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moyad MA. What happened to the Provenge (Sipuleucel-T) vaccine for hormone refractory prostate cancer? Urol. Nurs.27(3), 256–257 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalani AD, Jack A, Montenegro G, Degliuomini J, Wallack MK. Immunotherapy as an adjuvant therapy in the management of advanced, surgically resected, melanoma. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol.143(1), 59–70 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hoos A, Parmiani G, Hege K et al. Cancer Vaccine Clinical Trial Working Group. A clinical development paradigm for cancer vaccines and related biologics. J. Immunother.30(1), 1–15 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arlen PM, Gulley JL, Todd N et al. Antiandrogen, vaccine and combination therapy in patients with nonmetastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. J. Urol.174(2), 539–546, (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsey KR, Gritz L, Sherry R et al. Evaluation of prime/boost regimens using recombinant poxvirus/tyrosinase vaccines for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Clin Cancer Res.12(8), 2526–2537 (2006)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar