902
Views
51
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia: the role of PVL and an influenza coinfection

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 1041-1051 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Kaneko J, Kamio Y. Bacterial two-component and hetero-heptameric pore-forming cytolytic toxins: structures, pore-forming mechanism, and organization of the genes. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 68(5), 981–1003 (2004).
  • Gillet Y, Issartel B, Vanhems P Association between Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and highly lethal necrotising pneumonia in young immunocompetent patients. Lancet 359(9308), 753–759 (2002).
  • Gillet Y, Vanhems P, Lina G Factors predicting mortality in necrotizing community-acquired pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin. Clin. Infect. Dis. 45(3), 315–321 (2007).
  • Howard LS, Sillis M, Pasteur MC, Kamath AV, Harrison BD. Microbiological profile of community-acquired pneumonia in adults over the last 20 years. J. Infect. 50(2), 107–113 (2005).
  • Limbago B, Fosheim GE, Schoonover V Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates collected in 2005 and 2006 from patients with invasive disease: a population-based analysis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47(5), 1344–1351 (2009).
  • Rolo J, Miragaia M, Turlej-Rogacka A High genetic diversity among community-associated Staphylococcus aureus in Europe: results from a multicenter study. PLoS ONE 7(4), e34768- (2012).
  • Sicot N, Khanafer N, Meyssonnier V Methicillin resistance is not a predictor of severity in community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia-results of a prospective observational study. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19(3), E142-E148 (2013).
  • Lina G, Piemont Y, Godail-Gamot F Involvement of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in primary skin infections and pneumonia. Clin. Infect. Dis. 29(5), 1128–1132 (1999).
  • Bubeck WJ, Bae T, Otto M, Deleo FR, Schneewind O. Poring over pores: alpha-hemolysin and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Nat. Med. 13(12), 1405–1406 (2007).
  • Otto M. Basis of virulence in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 64, 143–162 (2010).
  • Voyich JM, Otto M, Mathema B Is Panton-Valentine leukocidin the major virulence determinant in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease? J. Infect. Dis. 194(12), 1761–1770 (2006).
  • Chickering HT, Park JH. Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 72(9), 617–626 (1919).
  • Rouzic N, Janvier F, Libert N Prompt and successful toxin-targeting treatment of three patients with necrotizing pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48(5), 1952–1955 (2010).
  • Hidron AI, Low CE, Honig EG, Blumberg HM. Emergence of community-acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300 as a cause of necrotising community-onset pneumonia. Lancet Infect. Dis. 9(6), 384–392 (2009).
  • Diep BA, Afasizheva A, Le HN Effects of Linezolid on Suppressing In vivo production of staphylococcal toxins and survival outcomes in a rabbit model of MRSA necrotizing pneumonia. J. Infect. Dis. 208(1), 75–82 (2013).
  • Gillet Y, Dumitrescu O, Tristan A Pragmatic management of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-associated staphylococcal diseases. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 38(6), 457–464 (2011).
  • Hampson FG, Hancock SW, Primhak RA. Disseminated sepsis due to a Panton-Valentine leukocidin producing strain of community acquired meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Arch. Dis. Child 91(2), 201- (2006).
  • Gauduchon V, Cozon G, Vandenesch F Neutralization of Staphylococcus aureus Panton Valentine leukocidin by intravenous immunoglobulin in vitro. J. Infect. Dis. 189(2), 346–353 (2004).
  • Rothberg MB, Haessler SD, Brown RB. Complications of viral influenza. Am. J. Med. 121(4), 258–264 (2008).
  • Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Fauci AS. Predominant role of bacterial pneumonia as a cause of death in pandemic influenza: implications for pandemic influenza preparedness. J. Infect. Dis. 198(7), 962–970 (2008).
  • Robertson L, Caley JP, Moore J. Importance of Staphylococcus aureus in pneumonia in the 1957 epidemic of influenza A. Lancet 2(7040), 233–236 (1958).
  • Wright J. Staphylococcal leucocidin (Neisser-Wechsberg type) and antileucociddin. Lancet 230, 1002–1004 (1936).
  • Panton PN, Valentine FCO. Staphylococcal toxin. Lancet 5, 506–508 (1932).
  • Konig B, Prevost G, Konig W. Composition of staphylococcal bi-component toxins determines pathophysiological reactions. J. Med. Microbiol. 46(6), 479–485 (1997).
  • Diep BA, Chan L, Tattevin P Polymorphonuclear leukocytes mediate Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin-induced lung inflammation and injury. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107(12), 5587–5592 (2010).
  • Labandeira-Rey M, Couzon F, Boisset S Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin causes necrotizing pneumonia. Science 315(5815), 1130–1133 (2007).
  • Bubeck WJ, Palazzolo-Ballance AM, Otto M, Schneewind O, Deleo FR. Panton-Valentine leukocidin is not a virulence determinant in murine models of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease. J. Infect. Dis. 198(8), 1166–1170 (2008).
  • Olsen RJ, Kobayashi SD, Ayeras AA Lack of a major role of Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin in lower respiratory tract infection in nonhuman primates. Am. J. Pathol. 176(3), 1346–1354 (2010).
  • Wilson GJ, Seo KS, Cartwright RA A novel core genome-encoded superantigen contributes to lethality of community-associated MRSA necrotizing pneumonia. PLoS Pathog. 7(10), e1002271- (2011).
  • Holzinger D, Gieldon L, Mysore V Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin induces an inflammatory response in human phagocytes via the NLRP3 inflammasome. J. Leukoc. Biol. 92(5), 1069–1081 (2012).
  • Perret M, Badiou C, Lina G Cross-talk between Staphylococcus aureus leukocidins-intoxicated macrophages and lung epithelial cells triggers chemokine secretion in an inflammasome-dependent manner. Cell Microbiol. 14(7), 1019–1036 (2012).
  • Löffler B, Hussain M, Grundmeier M Staphylococcus aureus panton-valentine leukocidin is a very potent cytotoxic factor for human neutrophils. PLoS Pathog. 6(1), e1000715- (2010).
  • Szmigielski S, Prevost G, Monteil H, Colin DA, Jeljaszewicz J. Leukocidal toxins of staphylococci. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 289(2), 185–201 (1999).
  • Spaan A, Thomas HT, van Rooijen WJM Staphylococcal Panton-Valentine leukocidin targets C5a receptors. Cell Host Microbe. 13(5), 584–594 (2013).
  • Niemann S, Ehrhardt C, Medina E Combined action of influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leukocidin provokes severe lung epithelium damage. J. Infect. Dis. 206(7), 1138–1148 (2012).
  • Hager M, Cowland JB, Borregaard N. Neutrophil granules in health and disease. J. Intern. Med. 268(1), 25–34 (2010).
  • Korkmaz B, Moreau T, Gauthier F. Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3 and cathepsin G: physicochemical properties, activity and physiopathological functions. Biochimie 90(2), 227–242 (2008).
  • Garcia-Verdugo I, Descamps D, Chignard M, Touqui L, Sallenave JM. Lung protease/anti-protease network and modulation of mucus production and surfactant activity. Biochimie 92(11), 1608–1617 (2010).
  • Cunha BA, Pherez FM, Durie N. Swine influenza (H1N1) and acute appendicitis. Heart Lung 39(6), 544–546 (2010).
  • Herold S, Ludwig S, Pleschka S, Wolff T. Apoptosis signaling in influenza virus propagation, innate host defense, and lung injury. J. Leukoc. Biol. 92(1), 75–82 (2012).
  • McCullers JA. Do specific virus-bacteria pairings drive clinical outcomes of pneumonia? Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19(2), 113–118 (2013).
  • Iverson AR, Boyd KL, McAuley JL, Plano LR, Hart ME, McCullers JA. Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. J. Infect. Dis. 203(6), 880–888 (2011).
  • Passariello C, Nencioni L, Sgarbanti R Viral hemagglutinin is involved in promoting the internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus into human pneumocytes during influenza A H1N1 virus infection. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 301(2), 97–104 (2011).
  • Scheiblauer H, Reinacher M, Tashiro M, Rott R. Interactions between bacteria and influenza A virus in the development of influenza pneumonia. J. Infect. Dis. 166(4), 783–791 (1992).
  • Tashiro M, Ciborowski P, Klenk HD, Pulverer G, Rott R. Role of Staphylococcus protease in the development of influenza pneumonia. Nature 325(6104), 536–537 (1987).
  • Small CL, Shaler CR, McCormick S Influenza infection leads to increased susceptibility to subsequent bacterial superinfection by impairing NK cell responses in the lung. J. Immunol. 184(4), 2048–2056 (2010).
  • Sun K, Metzger DW. Inhibition of pulmonary antibacterial defense by interferon-gamma during recovery from influenza infection. Nat. Med. 14(5), 558–564 (2008).
  • Zavitz CC, Bauer CM, Gaschler GJ Dysregulated macrophage-inflammatory protein-2 expression drives illness in bacterial superinfection of influenza. J. Immunol. 184(4), 2001–2013 (2010).
  • Dessing MC, van der Sluijs KF, Florquin S, van der Poll T. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 contributes to an adequate immune response in influenza pneumonia. Clin. Immunol. 125(3), 328–336 (2007).
  • Wareing MD, Lyon AB, Lu B, Gerard C, Sarawar SR. Chemokine expression during the development and resolution of a pulmonary leukocyte response to influenza A virus infection in mice. J. Leukoc. Biol. 76(4), 886–895 (2004).
  • Bordon J, Aliberti S, Fernandez-Botran R Understanding the roles of cytokines and neutrophil activity and neutrophil apoptosis in the protective versus deleterious inflammatory response in pneumonia. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 17(2), e76-e83 (2013).
  • Teijaro JR, Walsh KB, Cahalan S Endothelial cells are central orchestrators of cytokine amplification during influenza virus infection. Cell 146(6), 980–991 (2011).
  • Lowy FD. Staphylococcus aureus infections. N. Engl. J. Med. 339(8), 520–532 (1998).
  • Watkins RR, David MZ, Salata RA. Current concepts on the virulence mechanisms of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Med. Microbiol. 61(Pt 9), 1179–1193 (2012).
  • Kreienbuehl L, Charbonney E, Eggimann P. Community-acquired necrotizing pneumonia due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus secreting Panton-Valentine leukocidin: a review of case reports. Ann. Intensive Care 1(1), 52 (2011).
  • van Wetering S, Mannesse-Lazeroms SP, Dijkman JH, Hiemstra PS. Effect of neutrophil serine proteinases and defensins on lung epithelial cells: modulation of cytotoxicity and IL-8 production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 62(2), 217–226 (1997).
  • Yoong P, Pier GB. Antibody-mediated enhancement of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107(5), 2241–2246 (2010).
  • Hermos CR, Yoong P, Pier GB. High levels of antibody to Panton-Valentine leukocidin are not associated with resistance to Staphylococcus aureus-associated skin and soft-tissue infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 51(10), 1138–1146 (2010).
  • Al-Tawfiq JA, Aldaabil RA. Community-acquired MRSA bacteremic necrotizing pneumonia in a patient with scrotal ulceration. J. Infect. 51(4), e241-e243 (2005).
  • Alonso-Tarres C, Villegas ML, de Gispert FJ, Cortes-Lletget MC, Rovira PA, Etienne J. Favorable outcome of pneumonia due to Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus associated with hematogenous origin and absence of flu-like illness. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 24(11), 756–759 (2005).
  • Ambrozova H, Maresova V, Fajt M The first case of fatal pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus in an infant in the Czech Republic. Folia. Microbiol. (Praha) 58(3), 225–228 (2012).
  • Bruno GJ, Bruno JM, Miyake AA. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection with fatal necrotizing pneumonia from lip abscess: a case report. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 65(11), 2350–2353 (2007).
  • Catena V, Baiocchi M, Lentini P Necrotizing pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Infez. Med. 20(3), 205–210 (2012).
  • Dickson RP, Martinez SM, Ortiz JR. A case of rapidly progressive necrotizing pneumonia caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Respir. Care 53(9), 1223–1226 (2008).
  • Ebert MD, Sheth S, Fishman EK. Necrotizing pneumonia caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an increasing cause of “mayhem in the lung”. Emerg. Radiol. 16(2), 159–162 (2009).
  • Francis JS, Doherty MC, Lopatin U Severe community-onset pneumonia in healthy adults caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40(1), 100–107 (2005).
  • Frazee BW, Salz TO, Lambert L, Perdreau-Remington F. Fatal community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in an immunocompetent young adult. Ann. Emerg. Med. 46(5), 401–404 (2005).
  • Gerogianni I, Mpatavanis G, Gourgoulianis K, Maniatis A, Spiliopoulou I, Petinaki E. Combination of staphylococcal chromosome cassette SCCmec type V and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that caused necrotizing pneumonia in Greece. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 56(2), 213–216 (2006).
  • Heelan K, Murphy A, Murphy LA. Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcal aureus: report of four siblings. Pediatr. Dermatol. 29(5), 618–620 (2012).
  • Jung N, Lehmann C, Hellmann M Necrotizing pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine leucocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus originating from a Bartholin's abscess. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 2008, 491401 (2008).
  • Laporte-Turpin E, Marcoux MO et al. [Necrotizing pneumonia and arthritis due to Staphylococcus aureus producing Panton and Valentine leukocidin in a 10-year-old boy]. Arch. Pediatr. 13(5), 449–452 (2006).
  • Lim WH, Lien R, Huang YC, Lee WJ, Lai JY. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in a healthy neonate. J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2012.07.001 (2012) (Epub ahead of print).
  • Magira EE, Zervakis D, Routsi C Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes: a lethal cause of pneumonia in an adult immunocompetent patient. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 39(5), 466–469 (2007).
  • McAdams RM, Mazuchowski E, Ellis MW, Rajnik M. Necrotizing staphylococcal pneumonia in a neonate. J. Perinatol. 25(10), 677–679 (2005).
  • Mendez ED, Roldan ML, Baroni MR A case of familial transmission of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying the Inu(A) gene in Santa Fe city. Argentina. Rev. Argent Microbiol. 44(4), 303–305 (2012).
  • Mushtaq F, Hildrew S, Okugbeni G, Ellis RW, Deshpande S. Necrotizing haemorrhagic pneumonia proves fatal in an immunocompetent child due to Panton-Valentine Leucocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxins 1 and 2 and enterotoxin C-producing Staphylococcus aureus. Acta Paediatr. 97(7), 985–987 (2008).
  • Neocleous C, Damani A, Gerogianni I, Gourgoulianis K, Petinaki E. Necrotizing pneumonia in Greece caused by a USA400 (ST1) Staphylococcus aureus harboring SSCmec type V. Infection 38(1), 76–77 (2010).
  • Obed A, Schnitzbauer AA, Bein T, Lehn N, Linde HJ, Schlitt HJ. Fatal pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine Leucocidine-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-MRSA) transmitted from a healthy donor in living-donor liver transplantation. Transplantation 81(1), 121–124 (2006).
  • Otera H, Yamamoto G, Ohkusu K, Kozuki H, Hashimoto K, Tada K. Necrotizing pneumonia in the community. Intern. Med. 51(17), 2463–2467 (2012).
  • Rasigade JP, Laurent F, Hubert P, Vandenesch F, Etienne J. Lethal necrotizing pneumonia caused by an ST398 Staphylococcus aureus strain. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16(8), 1330 (2010).
  • Roberts JC, Gulino SP, Peak KK, Luna VA, Sanderson R. Fatal necrotizing pneumonia due to a Panton-Valentine leukocidin positive community-associated methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and Influenza co-infection: a case report. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 7, 5 (2008).
  • Rouzic N, Janvier F, Libert N Prompt and successful toxin-targeting treatment of three patients with necrotizing pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48(5), 1952–1955 (2010).
  • Schwartz KL, Nourse C. Panton-Valentine leukocidin-associated Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia in infants: a report of four cases and review of the literature. Eur. J. Pediatr. 171(4), 711–717 (2012).
  • Sosa AF, Banauch G. A 24-year-old man with cough, rhabdomyolysis, and pneumomediastinum. J. Intensive Care Med. 27(1), 55–57 (2012).
  • Stroud MH, Okhuysen-Cawley R, Jaquiss R, Berlinski A, Fiser RT. Successful use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe necrotizing pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med. 8(3), 282–287 (2007).
  • Tseng MH, Wei BH, Lin WJ Fatal sepsis and necrotizing pneumonia in a child due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: case report and literature review. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 37(6–7), 504–507 (2005).
  • Tsokos M, Zollner B, Feucht HH. Fatal influenza A infection with Staphylococcus aureus superinfection in a 49-year-old woman presenting as sudden death. Int. J. Legal Med. 119(1), 40–43 (2005).
  • Valentini P, Parisi G, Monaco M An uncommon presentation for a severe invasive infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 in Italy: a case report. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. 7, 11 (2008).
  • Vayalumkal JV, Whittingham H, Vanderkooi O Necrotizing pneumonia and septic shock: suspecting CA-MRSA in patients presenting to Canadian emergency departments. CJEM 9(4), 300–303 (2007).
  • Wenzel JJ, Hentschel J, Silvis W Rapidly fatal necrotizing pneumonia in a 12-year-old boy caused by co-infection with parainfluenza virus type 1 and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Infection 37(1), 75–77 (2009).
  • Yee-Guardino S, Kumar D, Abughali N, Tuohy M, Hall GS, Kumar ML. Recognition and treatment of neonatal community-associated MRSA pneumonia and bacteremia. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 43(2), 203–205 (2008).
  • Hörnig-Franz I, Kahl BC, Tebbe W Nekrotisierende pneumonie mit Staphylococcus aureus (pvl-Gen positiv). Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 155, S10–S15 (2007).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.