1,233
Views
100
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

How can we improve antibiotic prescribing in primary care?

, , , &
Pages 403-413 | Received 23 Dec 2015, Accepted 03 Feb 2016, Published online: 24 Feb 2016

References

  • Bell BG, Schellevis F, Stobberingh E, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic resistance. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:13.
  • ESAC-Net. ECDC [cited 2016 Feb 1]. Available from: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/activities/surveillance/ESAC-Net/Pages/index.aspx.
  • Pulcini C, Gyssens IC. How to educate prescribers in antimicrobial stewardship practices. Virulence. 2013;4:192–202.
  • Fernandez Urrusuno R, Flores Dorado M, Vilches Arenas A, et al. Improving the appropriateness of antimicrobial use in primary care after implementation of a local antimicrobial guide in both levels of care. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;70:1011–1020.
  • Shapiro DJ, Hicks LA, Pavia AT, et al. Antibiotic prescribing for adults in ambulatory care in the USA, 2007-09. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69:234–240.
  • Ackerman SL, Gonzales R, Stahl MS, et al. One size does not fit all: evaluating an intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for acute bronchitis. BMC Health Serv Res. 2013;13:462.
  • van der Velden AW, Kuyvenhoven MM, Verheij TJ. Improving antibiotic prescribing quality by an intervention embedded in the primary care practice accreditation: the ARTI4 randomized trial. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71:257–263.
  • Coupat C, Pradier C, Degand N, et al. Selective reporting of antibiotic susceptibility data improves the appropriateness of intended antibiotic prescriptions in urinary tract infections: a case-vignette randomised study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32:627–636.
  • Hurley HJ, Knepper BC, Price CS, et al. Avoidable antibiotic exposure for uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections in the ambulatory care setting. Am J Med. 2013;126:1099–1106.
  • Goossens H, Ferech M, Coenen S, et al. Comparison of outpatient systemic antibacterial use in 2004 in the United States and 27 European countries. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44:1091–1095.
  • Pulcini C, Lions C, Ventelou B, et al. Drug-specific quality indicators assessing outpatient antibiotic use among French general practitioners. Eur J Public Health. 2013;23:262–264.
  • Arnold SR, Straus SE. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;4:CD003539.
  • Llor C, Bjerrum L. Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014;5:229–241.
  • Lopez-Vazquez P, Vazquez-Lago JM, Figueiras A. Misprescription of antibiotics in primary care: a critical systematic review of its determinants. J Eval Clin Pract. 2012;18:473–484.
  • van der Velden AW, Pijpers EJ, Kuyvenhoven MM, et al. Effectiveness of physician-targeted interventions to improve antibiotic use for respiratory tract infections. Br J Gen Pract. 2012;62:e801–e807.
  • Vodicka TA, Thompson M, Lucas P, et al. Reducing antibiotic prescribing for children with respiratory tract infections in primary care: a systematic review. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63:e445–e454.
  • Wang S, Pulcini C, Rabaud C, et al. Inventory of antibiotic stewardship programs in general practice in France and abroad. Med Mal Infect. 2015;45:111–123.
  • Drekonja DM, Filice GA, Greer N, et al. Antimicrobial stewardship in outpatient settings: a systematic review. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2015;36:142–152.
  • Hernandez-Santiago V, Marwick CA, Patton A, et al. Time series analysis of the impact of an intervention in Tayside, Scotland to reduce primary care broad-spectrum antimicrobial use. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:2397–2404.
  • Behaviour change and antibiotic prescribing in healthcare settings. 2015. [cited 2016 Feb 1]. Available from: http://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/405031/Behaviour_Change_for_Antibiotic_Prescribing_-_FINAL.pdf.
  • Hulscher ME, Grol RP, van der Meer JW. Antibiotic prescribing in hospitals: a social and behavioural scientific approach. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:167–175.
  • Butler CC, Simpson SA, Dunstan F, et al. Effectiveness of multifaceted educational programme to reduce antibiotic dispensing in primary care: practice based randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2012;344:d8173.
  • Bekkers MJ, Simpson SA, Dunstan F, et al. Enhancing the quality of antibiotic prescribing in primary care: qualitative evaluation of a blended learning intervention. BMC Fam Pract. 2010;11:34.
  • Little P, Stuart B, Francis N, et al. Effects of internet-based training on antibiotic prescribing rates for acute respiratory-tract infections: a multinational, cluster, randomised, factorial, controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;382:1175–1182.
  • Tonkin-Crine S, Anthierens S, Francis NA, et al. Exploring patients’ views of primary care consultations with contrasting interventions for acute cough: a six-country European qualitative study. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med. 2014;24:14026.
  • Yardley L, Douglas E, Anthierens S, et al. Evaluation of a web-based intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for LRTI in six European countries: quantitative process analysis of the GRACE/INTRO randomised controlled trial. Implement Sci. 2013;8:134.
  • Cals JW, de Bock L, Beckers PJ, et al. Enhanced communication skills and C-reactive protein point-of-care testing for respiratory tract infection: 3.5-year follow-up of a cluster randomized trial. Ann Fam Med. 2013;11:157–164.
  • Regev-Yochay G, Raz M, Dagan R, et al. Reduction in antibiotic use following a cluster randomized controlled multifaceted intervention: the Israeli judicious antibiotic prescription study. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:33–41.
  • Le Corvoisier P, Renard V, Roudot-Thoraval F, et al. Long-term effects of an educational seminar on antibiotic prescribing by GPs: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63:e455–e464.
  • Coco A, Vernacchio L, Horst M, et al. Management of acute otitis media after publication of the 2004 AAP and AAFP clinical practice guideline. Pediatrics. 2010;125:214–220.
  • Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ. Initial impact of the acute otitis externa clinical practice guideline on clinical care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011;145:414–417.
  • Bhattacharyya N, Kepnes LJ. Patterns of care before and after the adult sinusitis clinical practice guideline. Laryngoscope. 2013;123:1588–1591.
  • Slekovec C, Leroy J, Vernaz-Hegi N, et al. Impact of a region wide antimicrobial stewardship guideline on urinary tract infection prescription patterns. Int J Clin Pharm. 2012;34:325–329.
  • Willems L, Denckens P, Philips H, et al. Can we improve adherence to guidelines for the treatment of lower urinary tract infection? A simple, multifaceted intervention in out-of-hours services. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67:2997–3000.
  • Holstiege J, Mathes T, Pieper D. Effects of computer-aided clinical decision support systems in improving antibiotic prescribing by primary care providers: a systematic review. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015;22:236–242.
  • Gulliford MC, van Staa T, Dregan A, et al. Electronic health records for intervention research: a cluster randomized trial to reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary care (eCRT study). Ann Fam Med. 2014;12:344–351.
  • McDermott L, Yardley L, Little P, et al. Process evaluation of a point-of-care cluster randomised trial using a computer-delivered intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing in primary care. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:594.
  • Spurling GK, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, et al. Delayed antibiotics for respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;4:CD004417.
  • Little P, Stuart B, Hobbs FD, et al Antibiotic prescription strategies for acute sore throat: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:213–219.
  • Little P, Moore M, Kelly J, et al. Delayed antibiotic prescribing strategies for respiratory tract infections in primary care: pragmatic, factorial, randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2014;348:g1606.
  • Francis NA, Gillespie D, Nuttall J, et al. Delayed antibiotic prescribing and associated antibiotic consumption in adults with acute cough. Br J Gen Pract. 2012;62:e639–e646.
  • Peters S, Rowbotham S, Chisholm A, et al. Managing self-limiting respiratory tract infections: a qualitative study of the usefulness of the delayed prescribing strategy. Br J Gen Pract. 2011;61:e579–e589.
  • Hoye S, Frich J, Lindboek M. Delayed prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections: a qualitative study of GPs’ views and experiences. Br J Gen Pract. 2010;60:907–912.
  • Hoye S, Frich JC, Lindbaek M. Use and feasibility of delayed prescribing for respiratory tract infections: a questionnaire survey. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:34.
  • Francis NA, Butler CC, Hood K, et al. Effect of using an interactive booklet about childhood respiratory tract infections in primary care consultations on reconsulting and antibiotic prescribing: a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2009;339:b2885.
  • Francis NA, Phillips R, Wood F, et al. Parents’ and clinicians’ views of an interactive booklet about respiratory tract infections in children: a qualitative process evaluation of the EQUIP randomised controlled trial. BMC Fam +Pract. 2013;14:182.
  • Bjerrum L, Munck A, Gahrn-Hansen B, et al. Health alliance for prudent antibiotic prescribing in patients with respiratory tract infections (HAPPY AUDIT) -impact of a non-randomised multifaceted intervention programme. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:52.
  • Gonzales R, Anderer T, McCulloch CE, et al. A cluster randomized trial of decision support strategies for reducing antibiotic use in acute bronchitis. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:267–273.
  • Vinnard C, Linkin DR, Localio AR, et al. Effectiveness of interventions in reducing antibiotic use for upper respiratory infections in ambulatory care practices. Popul Health Manag. 2013;16:22–27.
  • Meeker D, Knight TK, Friedberg MW, et al. Nudging guideline-concordant antibiotic prescribing: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:425–431.
  • Little P, Hobbs FD, Moore M, et al. Clinical score and rapid antigen detection test to guide antibiotic use for sore throats: randomised controlled trial of PRISM (primary care streptococcal management). BMJ. 2013;347:f5806.
  • Michel-Lepage A, Ventelou B, Verger P, et al. Factors associated with the use of rapid antigen diagnostic tests in children presenting with acute pharyngitis among French general practitioners. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33:723–728.
  • Huang Y, Chen R, Wu T, et al. Association between point-of-care CRP testing and antibiotic prescribing in respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary care studies. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63:e787–e794.
  • Aabenhus R, Jensen JU, Jorgensen KJ, et al. Biomarkers as point-of-care tests to guide prescription of antibiotics in patients with acute respiratory infections in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;11:CD010130.
  • Cooke J, Butler C, Hopstaken R, et al. Narrative review of primary care point-of-care testing (POCT) and antibacterial use in respiratory tract infection (RTI). BMJ Open Respir Res. 2015;2:e000086.
  • McNulty CA, Lasseter GM, Charlett A, et al. Does laboratory antibiotic susceptibility reporting influence primary care prescribing in urinary tract infection and other infections? J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:1396–1404.
  • Adriaenssens N, Coenen S, Tonkin-Crine S, et al. European surveillance of antimicrobial consumption (ESAC): disease-specific quality indicators for outpatient antibiotic prescribing. BMJ Qual Saf. 2011;20:764–772.
  • Hansen MP, Bjerrum L, Gahrn-Hansen B, et al. Quality indicators for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections in general practice: a modified Delphi study. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2010;28:4–11.
  • Hansen MP, Bjerrum L, Gahrn-Hansen B, et al. Quality indicators for treatment of respiratory tract infections? An assessment by Danish general practitioners. Eur J Gen Pract. 2013;19:85–91.
  • Pulcini C, Lions C, Ventelou B, et al. Indicators show differences in antibiotic use between general practitioners and paediatricians. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32:929–935.
  • Pulcini C, Lions C, Ventelou B, et al. Approaching the quality of antibiotic prescriptions in primary care using reimbursement data. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32:325–332.
  • Hurlimann D, Limacher A, Schabel M, et al. Improvement of antibiotic prescription in outpatient care: a cluster-randomized intervention study using a sentinel surveillance network of physicians. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:602–608.
  • Forrest CB, Fiks AG, Bailey LC, et al. Improving adherence to otitis media guidelines with clinical decision support and physician feedback. Pediatrics. 2013;131:e1071–e1081.
  • Gerber JS, Prasad PA, Fiks AG, et al. Effect of an outpatient antimicrobial stewardship intervention on broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing by primary care pediatricians: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2013;309:2345–2352.
  • Gerber JS, Prasad PA, Fiks AG, et al. Durability of benefits of an outpatient antimicrobial stewardship intervention after discontinuation of audit and feedback. JAMA. 2014;312:2569–2570.
  • Furst J, Cizman M, Mrak J, et al. The influence of a sustained multifaceted approach to improve antibiotic prescribing in Slovenia during the past decade: findings and implications. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13:279–289.
  • Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, et al. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:1057–1098.
  • Morgan DJ, Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, et al. Non-prescription antimicrobial use worldwide: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11:692–701.
  • Huttner B, Harbarth S, Nathwani D. Success stories of implementation of antimicrobial stewardship: a narrative review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:954–962.
  • Santa-Ana-Tellez Y, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Dreser A, et al. Impact of over-the-counter restrictions on antibiotic consumption in Brazil and Mexico. PLoS One. 2013;8:e75550.
  • Guinovart MC, Figueras A, Llop JC, et al. Obtaining antibiotics without prescription in Spain in 2014: even easier now than 6 years ago. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:1270–1271.
  • Grigoryan L, Burgerhof JG, Degener JE, et al. Determinants of self-medication with antibiotics in Europe: the impact of beliefs, country wealth and the healthcare system. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61:1172–1179.
  • Monnet DL, Ferech M, Frimodt-Moller N, et al. The more antibacterial trade names, the more consumption of antibacterials: a European study. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:114–117.
  • Blommaert A, Marais C, Hens N, et al. Determinants of between-country differences in ambulatory antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance in Europe: a longitudinal observational study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69:535–547.
  • Masiero G, Filippini M, Ferech M, et al. Socioeconomic determinants of outpatient antibiotic use in Europe. Int J Public Health. 2010;55:469–478.
  • Karabay O, Hosoglu S. Increased antimicrobial consumption following reimbursement reform in Turkey. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;61:1169–1171.
  • Jensen US, Muller A, Brandt CT, et al. Effect of generics on price and consumption of ciprofloxacin in primary healthcare: the relationship to increasing resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:1286–1291.
  • Kaier K, Frank U, Meyer E. Economic incentives for the (over-)prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in German ambulatory care. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011;66:1656–1658.
  • Yip W, Powell-Jackson T, Chen W, et al. Capitation combined with pay-for-performance improves antibiotic prescribing practices in rural China. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33:502–510.
  • Han E, Chae SM, Kim NS, et al. Effects of pharmaceutical cost containment policies on doctors’ prescribing behavior: focus on antibiotics. Health Policy. 2015;119:1245–1254.
  • Scott A, Sivey P, Ait Ouakrim D, et al. The effect of financial incentives on the quality of health care provided by primary care physicians. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;9:CD008451.
  • Ketelaar NA, Faber MJ, Flottorp S, et al. Public release of performance data in changing the behaviour of healthcare consumers, professionals or organisations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;11:CD004538.
  • Liu C, Zhang X, Wan J. Public reporting influences antibiotic and injection prescription in primary care: a segmented regression analysis. J Eval Clin Pract. 2015;21:597–603.
  • Booth JL, Mullen AB, Thomson DA, et al. Antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infection by community pharmacists: a cross-sectional study. Br J Gen Pract. 2013;63:e244–e249.
  • Klepser ME, Adams AJ, Klepser DG. Antimicrobial stewardship in outpatient settings: leveraging innovative physician-pharmacist collaborations to reduce antibiotic resistance. Health Secur. 2015;13:166–173.
  • Ness V, Malcolm W, McGivern G, et al. Growth in nurse prescribing of antibiotics: the Scottish experience 2007–13. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2015;70:3384–3389.
  • Davey P, Peden C, Charani E, et al. Time for action – improving the design and reporting of behaviour change interventions for antimicrobial stewardship in hospitals: early findings from a systematic review. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015;45:203–212.
  • Welschen I, Kuyvenhoven MM, Hoes AW, et al. Effectiveness of a multiple intervention to reduce antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract symptoms in primary care: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2004;329:431.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.