Prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infections in the neonatal intensive care setting

References

• Marodi L. Neonatal innate immunity to infectious agents. Infect. Immun.74, 1999–2006 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady MT. Health care-associated infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Am. J. Infect. Control33, 268–275 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman D, Fairchild KD. Clinical microbiology of bacterial and fungal sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.17, 638–680 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoll BJ, Hansen N. Infections in VLBW infants: studies from the NICHD neonatal research network. Sem. Perinatol.27, 293–301 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denta A, Toltzisa P. Descriptive and molecular epidemiology of Gram-negative bacilli infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis.16, 279–283 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graham PL III, Begg MD, Larson E, Della-Latta P, Allen A, Saiman L. Risk factors for late onset Gram-negative sepsis in low birth weight infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.25, 113–117 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata E, Brito AJS, Matsuo T. Nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors. Am. J. Infect. Control30, 26–31 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kawagoe JY, Segre CAM, Pereira CR, Cardoso MFS, Silva CV, Fukushima JT. Risk factors for nosocomial infections in critically ill newborns: a 5-year prospective cohort study. Am. J. Infect. Control29, 109–114 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohn AH, Garrett DO, Sinkowitz-Cochran RL et al. Prevalence of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients: results from the first national point-prevalence survey. J. Pediatr.139, 821–827 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin DK Jr, Miller W, Garges H et al. Bacteremia, central catheters, and neonates: when to pull the line? Pediatrics107, 1272–1276 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cartwright DW. Central venous lines in neonates: a study of 2186 catheters. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.89, 504–508 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. MMWR10, 1–36 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Vermont CL, Hartwig NG, Fller A et al. Persistence of clones of coagulase-negative staphylococci among premature neonates in neonatal intensive care units: two-center study of bacterial genotyping and patient risk factors. J. Clin. Microbiol.36, 2485–2490 (1998).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raimundo O, Heusslery H, Bruhn JB et al. Molecular epidemiology of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteraemia in a newborn intensive care unit. J. Hosp. Infect.51, 33–42 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krediet TG, Mascini EM, van Rooij E et al. Molecular epidemiology of coagulase-negative staphylococci causing sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit over an 11-year period. J. Clin. Microbiol.42, 992–995 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeely DF, Saint-Louis F, Noel GJ. Neonatal enterococcal bacteremia: an increasingly frequent event with potentially untreatable pathogens. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.15, 800–805 (1996).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh N, Leger MM, Campbell J, Short B, Campos JM. Control of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the neonatal intensive care unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.26, 646–649 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh N, Patel KM, Leger MM et al. Risk of resistant infections with Enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized neonates. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.21, 1029–1033 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calil R, Marba S, Nowakonski A et al. Reduction in colonization and nosocomial infection by multiresistant bacteria in a neonatal unit after institution of educational measures and restriction in the use of cephalosporins. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.29, 133–138 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Waters V, Larson E, Wu F et al. Molecular epidemiology of Gram-negative bacilli from infected neonates and health care workers’ hands in neonatal intensive care units. Clin. Infect. Dis.38, 1682–1687 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang YC, Su LH, Wu TL, Lin TY. Genotyping analysis of colonizing candidal isolates from very-low-birthweight infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Hosp. Infect.58, 200–203 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiman L, Ludington E, Dawson J et al. Risk factors for Candida species colonization of neonatal intensive care unit patients. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.20, 1119–1124 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder N, Levit O, Klinger G et al. Risk factors associated with candidaemia in the neonatal intensive care unit: a case–control study. J. Hosp. Infect.57, 321–324 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fairchild KD, Tomkoria S, Sharp EC, Mena FV. Neonatal Candida glabrata sepsis: clinical and laboratory features compared with other Candida species. Pediatr. J. Infect. Dis.21, 39–43 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman RL, Faix RG. Invasive neonatal candidiasis: an overview. Semin. Perinatol.27, 352–356 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ohlsson A, Lacy JB. Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.1, CD000361 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carr R, Modi N, Dore C. G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.3, CD003066 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Edwards WH, Conner JM, Soll RF for the Vermont Oxford Network Neonatal Skin Care Study Group. The effect of prophylactic ointment therapy on nosocomial sepsis rates and skin integrity in infants with birth weights of 501 to 1000g. Pediatrics113, 1195–1203 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conner JM, Soll RF, Edwards WH. Topical ointment for preventing infection in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.4, CD001150 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Bin-Nun A, Bromker R,Wilschanski M et al. Oral probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J. Pediatr.147, 192–196 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin HC, Bai-Horng S, Chen AC et al. Oral probiotics reduce the incidence and severity of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. Pediatrics115, 1–4 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chien LY, Macnab Y, Aziz K et al. Variations in central venous catheter-related infection risks among Canadian neonatal intensive care units. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.21, 505–511 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wardle SP, Kelsall AWR, Yoxall CW, Subhedar NV. Percutaneous femoral arterial and venous catheterisation during neonatal intensive care. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.85, 119–122 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Mermel L. Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Ann. Intern. Med.132, 391–402 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raad II, Hohn DC, Gilbreath BJ et al. Prevention of central venous catheter related infections by using maximal sterile barrier precautions during insertion. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.15, 231–238 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilbride HW, Powers R, Wirtschafter D et al. Evaluation and development of potentially better practices to prevent neonatal nosocomial bacteremia. Pediatrics111, 504–518 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowen J, Ellis SH, McAinsh J. Absorption of chlorhexidine from intact skin of newborn infants. Arch. Dis. Child54, 379–383 (1979).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garland JS, Buck RK, Maloney P. Comparison of 10% povidone-iodine and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of peripheral intravenous catheter colonization in neonates: a prospective trial. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.14, 510–516 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garland JS, Henrickson K, Maki DG. The 2002 Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: guideline for prevention of intravascular device-related infection. Pediatrics110, 1009–1013 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder N, Davidovich N, Reichman B et al. Topical iodine-containing antiseptics and neonatal hypothyroidism in preterm infants. J. Pediatr.131, 434–430 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown RS, Bloomfield S, Bednarek FJ, Mitchell ML, Braverman LE. Routine skin cleansing with povidone-iodine is not a common cause of transient hypothyroidism in North America: a prospective controlled study. Thyroid7, 395–400 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Linder N, Prince S, Barzilai A et al. Disinfection with 10% povidone-iodine versus 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate in 70% isopropanol in the neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Pediatr.93, 205–210 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• Hall NJ, Hartley J, Ade-Ajayi N et al. Bacterial contamination of central venous catheters during insertion: a double blind randomised controlled trial. Pediatr. Surg. Int.21, 507–511 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark R, Powers R, White R, Bloom B, Sanchez P, Benjamin DK Jr. Prevention and treatment of nosocomial sepsis in NICU. J. Perinatol.24, 446–453 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mahieu LM, De Dooy JJ, De Muynck AO et al. Microbiology and risk factors for catheter exist-site and catheter hub colonization in neonatal intensive care unit patients. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.22, 357–362 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garland JS, Alex CP, Mueller CD et al. A randomized trial comparing povidone-iodine to a chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated dressing for prevention of central venous catheter infections in neonates. Pediatrics107, 1431–1436 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oishi T, Iwata S, Nonoyama M, Tsuji A, Sunakawa K. Double-blind comparative study on the care of the neonatal umbilical cord using 80% ethanol with or without chlorhexidine. J. Hosp. Infect.58, 34–37 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borer A, Buchnik L, Golan A, Hyam E, Gilad J. Safety and efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine tincture for prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection in the neonatal intensive-care unit. The 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington DC, USA, 16–19 December 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Adams-Chapman I, Stoll BJ. Prevention of nosocomial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Curr. Opin. Pediatr.14, 157–164 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahieu LM, De Dooy JJ, Lenaerts AE, Ieven MM, De Muynck AO. Catheter manipulations and the risk of catheter-associated bloodstream infection in neonatal intensive care unit patients. J. Hosp. Infect.48, 20–26 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chowdhary SK, Parashar K, Buick RG, Gornall P, Corkery JJ. Central venous access through the peripheral route in surgical neonates: an audit of 125 consecutive lines from a regional neonatal centre. Pediatr. Surg. Int.17, 433–435 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kabra NS, Kumar M, Shah SS. Multiple versus single lumen umbilical venous catheters for newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.3, CD004498 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Aly H, Herson V, Duncan A. Is bloodstream infection preventable among premature infants? A tale of two cities. Pediatrics115, 1513–1518 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inglis GDT, Davies MW. Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.4, CD005251 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Austin NC, Darlow B. Prophylactic oral antifungal agents to prevent systemic candida infection in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.4, CD003478 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Kaufman D, Boyle R, Hazen KC, Patrie JT, Robinson M, Donowitz LG. Fluconazole prophylaxis against fungal colonization and infection in preterm infants. N. Engl. J. Med.345, 1660–1666 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertini G, Perugi S, Dani C, Filippi L, Pratesi S, Rubaltelli FF. Fluconazole prophylaxis prevents invasive fungal infection in high-risk, very low birth weights infants. J. Pediatr.147, 162–165 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy MC, Baker CJ, Zaccaria E, Campbell JR. Impact of fluconazole prophylaxis on incidence and outcome of invasive candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Pediatr.147, 166–171 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman D, Boyle R, Hazen KC, Patrie JT, Robinson M, Grossman LB. Twice weekly fluconazole prophylaxis for prevention of invasive candida infection in high-risk infants of <1000 grams birth weight. J. Pediatr.147, 172–179 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manzoni P, Arisio R, Mostert M et al. Prophylactic fluconazole is effective in preventing fungal colonization and fungal systemic infections in preterm neonates: a single-center, 6-year, retrospective cohort study. Pediatrics117, 22–32 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanaroff AA. Fluconazole for the prevention of fungal infections: get ready, get set, caution. Pediatrics117, 214–215 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pai MP, Pendland SL, Danziger LH. Antimicrobial-coated/bonded and impregnated intravascular catheters. Ann. Pharmacother.35, 1255–1263 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Garland JS, Alex CP, Henrickson KJ, McAuliffe TL, Maki DG. A vancomycin-heparin lock solution for prevention of nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill neonates with peripherally inserted central venous catheters: a prospective, randomized trial. Pediatrics116, 198–205 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Goldman DA. Epidemiology and prevention of pediatric viral respiratory infections in health care institutions. Emerg. Infect. Dis.7, 249–253 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jones BL, Gorman LJ, Simpson J et al. An outbreak of Serratia marcescens in two neonatal intensive care units. J. Hosp. Infect.46, 314–319 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van den Berg RW, Claahsen HL, Niessen M, Muytjens HL, Liem K, Voss A. Enterobacter cloacae outbreak in the NICU related to disinfected thermometers. J. Hosp. Infect.45, 29–34 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Boszczowski I, Nicoletti C, Puccini DM et al. Outbreak of extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit related to onychomycosis in a health care worker. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.24, 648–650 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horbar JD, Rogowski J, Plisek PE et al. Collaborative quality improvement for neonatal intensive care. Pediatrics107, 14–22 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker J, UK Neonatal Staffing Study Group. Patient volume, staffing, and workload in relation to risk-adjusted outcomes in a random stratified sample of UK neonatal intensive care units: a prospective evaluation. Lancet359, 99–107 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spence K, Tarnow-Mordi W, Duncan G et al. Measuring nursing workload in neonatal intensive care. J. Nurs. Manag.14, 227–234 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robert J, Fridkin SK, Blumberg HM et al. The influence of the composition of the nursing staff on primary bloodstream infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.21, 7–12 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA hand hygiene task force. MMWR16, 1–45 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• McNeil SA, Foster CL, Hedderwick SA, Kauffman CA. Effect of hand cleansing with antimicrobial soap or alcohol-based gel on microbial colonization of artificial fingernails worn by health care workers. Clin. Infect. Dis.32, 367–372 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson EL, Cimiotti JP, Haas J et al. Gram-negative bacilli associated with catheter-associated and non-catheter-associated bloodstream infections and hand carriage by healthcare workers in neonatal intensive care units. Pediatr. Crit. Care Med.6, 457–461 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pittet D. Improving compliance with hand hygiene in hospitals. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.21, 381–386 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darmstadt GL, Dinulos JG. Neonatal skin care. Pediatr. Clin. North Am.47, 757–782 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Won SP, Chou HC, Hsieh WS et al. Handwashing program for the prevention of nosocomial infections in a neonatal intensive care unit. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.25, 742–746 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moolenaar RL, Crutcher JM, San Joaquin VH et al. A prolonged outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a neonatal intensive care unit: did staff fingernails play a role in disease transmission? Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.21, 80–85 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy AM, Elward AM, Fraser VJ. Survey of knowledge, beliefs, and practices of neonatal intensive care unit healthcare workers regarding nosocomial infections, central venous catheter care, and hand hygiene. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.25, 747–752 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen B, Saiman L, Cimiotti J, Larson E. Factors associated with hand hygiene practices in two neonatal intensive care units. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.22, 494–498 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chudleigh J, Fletcher M, Gould D. Infection control in neonatal intensive care units. J. Hosp. Infect.61, 123–129 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lam BCC, Lee J, Lau YL. Hand hygiene practices in a neonatal intensive care unit: a multimodal intervention and impact on nosocomial infection. Pediatrics114, 565–571 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borer A, Peled N, Golan A, Buchnik L, Hyam E, Gilad J. Impact of weekly personnel hand cultures on incidence of nosocomial bloodstream infections. The 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Washington DC, USA, 16–19 December 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Vernon MO, Hayden MK, Trick WE et al. Chlorhexidine gluconate to cleanse patients in a medical intensive care unit: the effectiveness of source control to reduce the bioburden of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Arch. Intern. Med.166, 306–312 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hudome SM, Fisher MC. Nosocomial infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis.14, 303–307 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. A report from the NNIS System. Am. J. Infect. Control32, 470–485 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen BM, Lindemanny R, Berghz K et al. Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive unit associated with understaffing, overcrowding and mixing of patients. J. Hosp. Infect.50, 18–24 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doit C, Loukil C, Simon AM et al. Outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in a pediatric hospital due to contamination of lipid emulsion stoppers. J. Clin. Microbiol.42, 2227–2230 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouallegue-Godet O, Ben Salem Y, Fabre L et al. Nosocomial outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica serotype livingstone producing CTX-M-27 extended-spectrum β-lactamase in a neonatal unit in Sousse, Tunisia. J. Clin. Microbiol.43, 1037–1044 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golan Y, Doron S, Sullivan B, Snydman DR. Transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus in a neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.24, 566–567 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Huang YC, Su LH, Wu TL et al. Outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit: clinical implications and genotyping analysis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.21, 1105–1109 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Milisavljevic V, Wu F, Larson E et al. Molecular epidemiology of Serratia marcescens outbreaks in two neonatal intensive care units. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.25, 719–721 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khoury J, Jones M, Grim A, Dunne WM Jr, Fraser V. Eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from a neonatal intensive care unit by active surveillance and aggressive infection control measures. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.26, 616–621 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lally RT, Lanz E, Schrock CG. Rapid control of an outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus on a neonatal intensive care department using standard infection control practices and nasal mupirocin. Am. J. Infect. Control32, 44–47 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lupetti A, Tavanti A, Davini P et al. Horizontal transmission of Candida parapsilosis candidemia in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Clin. Microbiol.40, 2363–2369 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macrae MB, Shannon KP, Rayner DM, Kaisery AM, Hoffmanz PN, French GL. A simultaneous outbreak on a neonatal unit of two strains of multiply antibiotic resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae controllable only by ward closure. J. Hosp. Infect.49, 183–192 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melamed R, Greenberg D, Porat N et al. Successful control of an Acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Hosp. Infect.53, 31–38 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Melamed R, Greenberg D, Landau D, Khvatskin S, Shany E, Dagan R. Neonatal nosocomial pneumococcal infections acquired by patient-to-patient transmission. Scand. J. Infect. Dis.34, 385–386 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regev-Yochay G, Rubinstein E, Barzilai A et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in neonatal intensive care unit. Emerg. Infect. Dis.11, 453–456 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ross TL, Fuss EP, Harrington SM, Cai M, Perl TM, Merz WG. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus caprae in a neonatal intensive care unit. J. Clin. Microbiol.43, 363–367 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Talon D, Menget P, Thouverez M et al. Emergence of Enterobacter cloacae as a common pathogen in neonatal units: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis. J. Hosp. Infect.57, 119–125 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pessoa-Silva CL, Toscano CM, Moreira BM et al. Infection due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis in a neonatal unit. J. Pediatr.141, 381–387 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pessoa-Silva CL, Moreira BM, Almeida VC et al. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit: risk factors for infection and colonization. J. Hosp. Infect.53, 19–206 (2003).
   Google Scholar