Immunomodulatory therapy in yeast infections

References

• Richardson MD. Changing patterns and trends in systemic fungal infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.56(Suppl. 1) i5–i11 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sims CR, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Rex JH. Invasive candidiasis in immunocompromised hospitalized patients. Arch. Med. Res.36(6), 660–671 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh N. Changing spectrum of invasive candidiasis and its therapeutic implications. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.7(Suppl. 2) 1–7 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park BJ, Arthington-Skaggs BA, Hajjeh RA et al. Evaluation of amphotericin B interpretive breakpoints for Candida bloodstream isolates by correlation with therapeutic outcome. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.50(4), 1287–1292 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romani L. Immunity to fungal infections. Nat. Rev. Immunol.4(1), 1–23 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Netea MG, Van der Meer JW, Kullberg BJ. Role of the dual interaction of fungal pathogens with pattern recognition receptors in the activation and modulation of host defence. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.12(5), 404–409 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Lyman CA, Panagopoulou P, Chanock S. Immunomodulation of invasive fungal infections. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am.17(1), 193–219 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel K, Dale DC, Liles WC. Therapeutic use of cytokines to modulate phagocyte function for the treatment of infectious diseases: current status of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and interferon-γ. J. Infect. Dis.185(10), 1490–1501 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Walsh T. Recombinant cytokines in augmentation and immunomodulation of host defenses against Candida spp. Med. Mycol.42(1), 1–13 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pursell K, Verral S, Daraiesh F et al. Impaired phagocyte respiratory burst responses to opportunistic fungal pathogens in transplant recipients: in vitro effect of r-metHuG-CSF (Filgrastim). Transpl. Infect. Dis.5(1), 29–37 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vecchiarelli A, Monari C, Baldelli F et al. Beneficial effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on fungicidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from patients with AIDS. J. Infect. Dis.171(6), 1448–1454 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muranaka H, Suga M, Nakagawa K, Sato K, Gushima Y, Ando M. Effects of granulocyte and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factors in a neutropenic murine model of trichosporonosis. Infect. Immun.65(8), 3422–3429 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kullberg BJ, Netea MG, Curfs JH, Keuter M, Meis JF, van der Meer JW. Recombinant murine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protects against acute disseminated Candida albicans infection in nonneutropenic mice. J. Infect. Dis.177(1), 175–181 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polak-Wyss A. Protective effect of human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hG-CSF) on Candida infections in normal and immunosuppressed mice. Mycoses34(3–4), 109–118 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamood M, Bluche PF, De Vroey C, Corazza F, Bujan W, Fondu P. Effects of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor on neutropenic mice infected with Candida albicans: acceleration of recovery from neutropenia and potentiation of anti-C. albicans resistance. Mycoses37(3–4), 93–99 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kullberg BJ, Netea MG, Vonk AG, van der Meer JW. Modulation of neutrophil function in host defense against disseminated Candida albicans infection in mice. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.26(3–4), 299–307 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Franzke A. The role of G-CSF in adaptive immunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.17(4), 235–244 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez-Adrian LJ, Grazziutti ML, Rex JH, Anaissie EJ. The potential role of cytokine therapy for fungal infections in patients with cancer: is recovery from neutropenia all that is needed? Clin. Infect. Dis.26(6), 1270–1278 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles FJ. Monocyte–macrophages, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and prolonged survival among patients with acute myeloid leukemia and stem cell transplants. Clin. Infect. Dis.26(6), 1282–1289 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armitage JO. Emerging applications of recombinant human granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood92(12), 4491–4508 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaviria JM, van Burik JA, Dale DC, Root RK, Liles WC. Modulation of neutrophil-mediated activity against the pseudohyphal form of Candida albicans by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administered in vivo. J. Infect. Dis.179(5), 1301–1304 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith PD, Lamerson CL, Banks SM et al. Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments human monocyte fungicidal activity for Candida albicans. J. Infect. Dis.161(5), 999–1005 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richardson MD, Brownlie CE, Shankland GS. Enhanced phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans by GM-CSF-activated human neutrophils. J. Med. Vet. Mycol.30(6), 433–441 (1992).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyman CA, Garrett KF, Pizzo PA, Walsh TJ. Response of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes to Trichosporon beigelii: host defense against an emerging opportunistic pathogen. J. Infect. Dis.170(6), 1557–1565 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechner AJ, Lamprech KE, Potthoff LH, Tredway TL, Matuschak GM. Recombinant GM-CSF reduces lung injury and mortality during neutropenic Candida sepsis. Am. J. Physiol.266(5 Pt 1), L561–L568 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nemunaitis J, Shannon-Dorcy K, Appelbaum FR et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with invasive fungal disease who received adjunctive therapy with recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood82(5), 1422–1427 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Lyman CA, Sein T, Gonzalez C, Walsh TJ. Antifungal activity of splenic, liver and pulmonary macrophages against Candida albicans and effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Med. Mycol.38(2), 161–168 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sasaki E, Tashiro T, Kuroki M et al. Effects of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) on anti-fungal activity of mononuclear phagocytes against Trichosporon asahii. Clin. Exp. Immunol.119(2), 293–298 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cenci E, Bartocci A, Puccetti P, Mocci S, Stanley ER, Bistoni F. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor in murine candidiasis: serum and tissue levels during infection and protective effect of exogenous administration. Infect. Immun.59(3), 868–872 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitt CR, Fidler JM, Ando D, Zimmerman RJ, Aukerman SL. Antifungal activity of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in models of acute and chronic candidiasis in the rat. J. Infect. Dis.169(2), 369–374 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhara T, Uchida K, Yamaguchi H. Therapeutic efficacy of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor, used alone and in combination with antifungal agents, in mice with systemic Candida albicans infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.44(1), 19–23 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antachopoulos C, Roilides E. Cytokines and fungal infections. Br. J. Haematol.129(5), 583–596 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Komrokji RS, Lyman GH. The colony-stimulating factors: use to prevent and treat neutropenia and its complications. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.4(12), 1897–1910 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Lamaignere CG, Farmaki E. Cytokines in immunodeficient patients with invasive fungal infections: an emerging therapy. Int J. Infect. Dis.6(3), 154–163 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Welte K, Gabrilove J, Bronchud MH, Platzer E, Morstyn G. Filgrastim (r-metHuG-CSF): the first 10 years. Blood88(6), 1907–1929 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Root RK, Dale DC. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor: comparisons and potential for use in the treatment of infections in nonneutropenic patients. J. Infect. Dis.179(Suppl. 2) S342–S352 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dorr RT. Clinical properties of yeast-derived versus Escherichia coli-derived granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Clin. Ther.15(1), 19–29 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gribben JG, Devereux S, Thomas NS et al. Development of antibodies to unprotected glycosylation sites on recombinant human GM-CSF. Lancet335(8687), 434–437 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohno R, Tomonaga M, Kobayashi T et al. Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after intensive induction therapy in relapsed or refractory acute leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med.323(13), 871–877 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas PG. Immunotherapy for invasive fungal infections: from bench to bedside. Drug Resist. Updat.7(1), 3–10 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyman GH, Kuderer NM, Djulbegovic B. Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients receiving dose-intensive cancer chemotherapy: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Med.112(5), 406–411 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JM, Andersen JW, Mazza JJ et al. A randomized placebo-controlled Phase III study of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adult patients (> 55 to 70 years of age) with acute myelogenous leukemia: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E1490). Blood86(2), 457–462 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antman KS, Griffin JD, Elias A et al. Effect of recombinant human granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor on chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. N. Engl J. Med.319(10), 593–598 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerhartz HH, Engelhard M, Meusers P et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III study of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjunct to induction treatment of high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Blood82(8), 2329–2339 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemunaitis J, Buckner CD, Dorsey KS, Willis D, Meyer W, Appelbaum F. Retrospective analysis of infectious disease in patients who received recombinant human granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor versus patients not receiving a cytokine who underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation for treatment of lymphoid cancer. Am. J. Clin. Oncol.21(4), 341–346 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JM. Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with cytokines: effect on duration of neutropenia and response to infections. Clin. Infect. Dis.26(6), 1290–1294 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehrnbecher T, Welte K. Haematopoietic growth factors in children with neutropenia. Br. J. Haematol.116(1), 28–56 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sung L, Nathan PC, Lange B, Beyene J, Buchanan GR. Prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor decrease febrile neutropenia after chemotherapy in children with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Clin. Oncol.22(16), 3350–3356 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodey GP, Anaissie E, Gutterman J, Vadhan-Raj S. Role of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor as adjuvant therapy for fungal infection in patients with cancer. Clin. Infect. Dis.17(4), 705–707 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vazquez JA, Hidalgo JA, De Bono S. Use of sargramostim (rh-GM-CSF) as adjunctive treatment of fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with AIDS: a pilot study. HIV Clin. Trials1(3), 23–29 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Erduran E, Yildiran A, Gedik Y. Multiple fungal brain abscess in a child with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol.15(5), 463–466 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grauer ME, Bokemeyer C, Bautsch W, Freund M, Link H. Successful treatment of a Trichosporon beigelii septicemia in a granulocytopenic patient with amphotericin B and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Infection22(4), 283–286 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berghmans T, Paesmans M, Lafitte JJ et al. Therapeutic use of granulocyte and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factors in febrile neutropenic cancer patients. A systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer10(3), 181–188 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nemunaitis J, Meyers JD, Buckner CD et al. Phase I trial of recombinant human macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with invasive fungal infections. Blood78(4), 907–913 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith TJ, Khatcheressian J, Lyman GH et al. 2006 update of recommendations for the use of white blood cell growth factors: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Oncol.24, 3187–3205 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes WT, Armstrong D, Bodey GP et al. 1997 guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with unexplained fever. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis.25(3), 551–573 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousset S, Hermann S, Klein SA et al. Prophylactic and interventional granulocyte transfusions in patients with haematological malignancies and life-threatening infections during neutropenia. Ann. Hematol.84(11), 734–741 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaviria JM, van Burik JA, Dale DC, Root RK, Liles WC. Comparison of interferon-γ, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor for priming leukocyte-mediated hyphal damage of opportunistic fungal pathogens. J. Infect. Dis.179(4), 1038–1041 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casadevall A, Pirofski LA. Adjunctive immune therapy for fungal infections. Clin. Infect. Dis.33(7), 1048–1056 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kullberg BJ, van’t Wout JW, Hoogstraten C, van Furth R. Recombinant interferon-γ enhances resistance to acute disseminated Candida albicans infection in mice. J. Infect. Dis.168(2), 436–443 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz JE, Clemons KV, Stevens DA. Enhancement of antifungal chemotherapy by interferon-γ in experimental systemic cryptococcosis. J. Antimicrob. Chemother.46(3), 437–442 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joly V, Saint-Julien L, Carbon C, Yeni P. In vivo activity of interferon-γ in combination with amphotericin B in the treatment of experimental cryptococcosis. J. Infect. Dis.170(5), 1331–1334 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas PG, Bustamante B, Ticona E et al. Recombinant interferon- γ 1b as adjunctive therapy for AIDS-related acute cryptococcal meningitis. J. Infect. Dis.189(12), 2185–2191 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poynton CH, Barnes RA, Rees J. Interferon γ and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of hepatosplenic candidosis in patients with acute leukemia. Clin. Infect. Dis.26(1), 239–240 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dignani MC, Rex JH, Chan KW et al. Immunomodulation with interferon-γ and colony-stimulating factors for refractory fungal infections in patients with leukemia. Cancer104(1), 199–204 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safdar A, Rodriguez G, Ohmagari N et al. The safety of interferon-γ-1b therapy for invasive fungal infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer103(4), 731–739 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safdar A, Rodriguez GH, Lichtiger B et al. Recombinant interferon γ1b immune enhancement in 20 patients with hematologic malignancies and systemic opportunistic infections treated with donor granulocyte transfusions. Cancer106(12), 2664–2671 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubel K, Dale DC, Engert A, Liles WC. Current status of granulocyte (neutrophil) transfusion therapy for infectious diseases. J. Infect. Dis.183(2), 321–328 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss RG. Clinical perspectives of granulocyte transfusions: efficacy to date. J. Clin. Apher.10(3), 114–118 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters C, Minkov M, Matthes-Martin S et al. Leucocyte transfusions from rhG-CSF or prednisolone stimulated donors for treatment of severe infections in immunocompromised neutropenic patients. Br. J. Haematol.106(3), 689–696 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liles WC, Huang JE, Llewellyn C, SenGupta D, Price TH, Dale DC. A comparative trial of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and dexamethasone, separately and in combination, for the mobilization of neutrophils in the peripheral blood of normal volunteers. Transfusion37(2), 182–187 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dale DC, Liles WC, Llewellyn C, Rodger E, Price TH. Neutrophil transfusions: kinetics and functions of neutrophils mobilized with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor and dexamethasone. Transfusion38(8), 713–721 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price TH, Bowden RA, Boeckh M et al. Phase I/II trial of neutrophil transfusions from donors stimulated with G-CSF and dexamethasone for treatment of patients with infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Blood95(11), 3302–3309 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JJ, Song HC, Chung IJ, Bom HS, Cho D, Kim HJ. Clinical efficacy and prediction of response to granulocyte transfusion therapy for patients with neutropenia-related infections. Haematologica89(5), 632–633 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rex JH, Bhalla SC, Cohen DM, Hester JP, Vartivarian SE, Anaissie EJ. Protection of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function from the deleterious effects of isolation, irradiation, and storage by interferon-γ and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Transfusion35(7), 605–611 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatia S, McCullough J, Perry EH, Clay M, Ramsay NK, Neglia JP. Granulocyte transfusions: efficacy in treating fungal infections in neutropenic patients following bone marrow transplantation. Transfusion34(3), 226–232 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss RG. Granulocyte transfusion therapy. Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am.8(6), 1159–1166 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dignani MC, Anaissie EJ, Hester JP et al. Treatment of neutropenia-related fungal infections with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-elicited white blood cell transfusions: a pilot study. Leukemia11(10), 1621–1630 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hester JP, Dignani MC, Anaissie EJ, Kantarjian HM, O’Brien S, Freireich EJ. Collection and transfusion of granulocyte concentrates from donors primed with granulocyte stimulating factor and response of myelosuppressed patients with established infection. J. Clin. Apher.10(4), 188–193 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Mario A, Sica S, Salutari P, Ortu La Barbera E, Marra R, Leone G. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-primed leukocyte transfusions in candida tropicalis fungemia in neutropenic patients. Haematologica82(3), 362–363 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safdar A, Hanna HA, Boktour M et al. Impact of high-dose granulocyte transfusions in patients with cancer with candidemia: retrospective case–control analysis of 491 episodes of Candida species bloodstream infections. Cancer101(12), 2859–2865 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illerhaus G, Wirth K, Dwenger A et al. Treatment and prophylaxis of severe infections in neutropenic patients by granulocyte transfusions. Ann. Hematol.81(5), 273–281 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atallah E, Schiffer CA. Granulocyte transfusion. Curr. Opin. Hematol.13(1), 45–49 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vamvakas EC, Pineda AA. Determinants of the efficacy of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions: a meta-analysis. J. Clin. Apher.12(2), 74–81 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigull L, Pulver N, Goudeva L et al. G-CSF mobilised granulocyte transfusions in 32 paediatric patients with neutropenic sepsis. Support Care Cancer14(9), 910–916 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroncek DF. Neutrophil antibodies. Curr. Opin. Hematol.4(6), 455–458 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dale DC, Liles WC. Return of granulocyte transfusions. Curr. Opin. Pediatr.12(1), 18–22 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderlini P, Korbling M, Dale D et al. Allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation: considerations for donors. Blood90(3), 903–908 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freedman MH. Safety of long-term administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for severe chronic neutropenia. Curr. Opin. Hematol.4(3), 217–224 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghodsi Z, Strauss RG. Cataracts in neutrophil donors stimulated with adrenal corticosteroids. Transfusion41(12), 1464–1468 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanida T, Rao F, Hamada T, Ueta E, Osaki T. Lactoferrin peptide increases the survival of Candida albicans-inoculated mice by upregulating neutrophil and macrophage functions, especially in combination with amphotericin B and granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Infect. Immun.69(6), 3883–3890 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal BH, Kwon-Chung J, Walsh TJ et al. Immunotherapy for fungal infections. Clin. Infect. Dis.42(4), 507–515 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamvrellis A, Leong D, Hanley JC, Xiang SD, Mottram P, Plebanski M. Vaccines that facilitate antigen entry into dendritic cells. Immunol. Cell Biol.82(5), 506–516 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassone A, De Bernardis F, Torososantucci A. An outline of the role of anti-Candida antibodies within the context of passive immunization and protection from candidiasis. Curr. Mol. Med.5(4), 377–382 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magliani W, Conti S, Frazzi R, Ravanetti L, Maffei DL, Polonelli L. Protective antifungal yeast killer toxin-like antibodies. Curr. Mol. Med.5(4), 443–452 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews RC, Rigg G, Hodgetts S et al. Preclinical assessment of the efficacy of mycograb, a human recombinant antibody against fungal HSP90. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.47(7), 2208–2216 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heitman J. Cell biology. A fungal Achilles’ heel. Science309(5744), 2175–2176 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnie JP, Carter TL, Hodgetts SJ, Matthews RC. Fungal heat-shock proteins in human disease. FEMS Microbiol. Rev.30(1), 53–88 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnie J, Matthews R. Genetically recombinant antibodies: new therapeutics against candidiasis. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther.4(2), 233–241 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews RC, Burnie JP. Human recombinant antibody to HSP90: a natural partner in combination therapy. Curr. Mol. Med.5(4), 403–411 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raska M, Belakova J, Wudattu NK et al. Comparison of protective effect of protein and DNA vaccines hsp90 in murine model of systemic candidiasis. Folia Microbiol. (Praha)50(1), 77–82 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G, Sun M, Fang J, Yang Q, Tong H, Wang L. Protective immune responses against systemic candidiasis mediated by phage-displayed specific epitope of Candida albicans heat shock protein 90 in C57BL/6J mice. Vaccine24(35–36), 6065–6073 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews RC, Burnie JP, Tabaqchali S. Isolation of immunodominant antigens from sera of patients with systemic candidiasis and characterization of serological response to Candida albicans. J. Clin. Microbiol.25(2), 230–237 (1987).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Marr KA, Rex JH, Cohen SH. Amphotericin B: time for a new ‘gold standard’. Clin. Infect. Dis.37(3), 415–425 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas PG, Rex JH, Sobel JD et al. Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis. Clin. Infect. Dis.38(2), 161–189 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson MD, MacDougall C, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Perfect JR, Rex JH. Combination antifungal therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.48(3), 693–715 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. Toward more effective antifungal therapy: the prospects of combination therapy. Br. J. Haematol.126(2), 165–175 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rex JH, Pappas PG, Karchmer AW et al. A randomized and blinded multicenter trial of high-dose fluconazole plus placebo versus fluconazole plus amphotericin B as therapy for candidemia and its consequences in nonneutropenic subjects. Clin. Infect. Dis.36(10), 1221–1228 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pachl J, Svoboda P, Jacobs F et al. A randomized, blinded, multicenter trial of lipid-associated amphotericin B alone versus in combination with an antibody-based inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 in patients with invasive candidiasis. Clin. Infect. Dis.42(10), 1404–1413 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takakura N, Wakabayashi H, Ishibashi H et al. Effect of orally administered bovine lactoferrin on the immune response in the oral candidiasis murine model. J. Med. Microbiol.53(Pt 6), 495–500 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawakami K. Promising immunotherapies with Th1-related cytokines against infectious diseases. J. Infect. Chemother.9(3), 201–209 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar