References
- WHO. The World Health Report 2002 – reducing risks, promoting healthy life. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland 1–248 (2002).
- Jha P, Chaloupka FJ, Corrao M, Jacob B. Reducing the burden of smoking world-wide: effectiveness of interventions and their coverage. Drug Alcohol Rev.25, 597–609 (2006).
- Mackay J, Ericksen M. The tobacco atlas. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (2002).
- Jha P, Chaloupka F. Tobacco Control in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, NY, USA (2000).
- Corbett EL, Watt CJ, Walker N et al. The growing burden of tuberculosis: global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic. Arch. Intern. Med.163, 1009–1021 (2003).
- WHO. Global tuberculosis control – surveillance, planning, financing. WHO Report 2007. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland (2007).
- Anderson JC, Palmer PH, Chou CP et al. Tobacco use among youth and adults in mainland China: the China Seven Cities Study. Public Health120, 1156–1169 (2006).
- Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K et al. Cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in China: the international collaborative study of cardiovascular disease in Asia. Am. J. Public Health94, 1972–1976 (2004).
- Rani M, Bonu S, Jha P, Nguyen SN, Jamjoum L. Tobacco use in India: prevalence and predictors of smoking and chewing in a national cross sectional household survey. Tob. Control12, e4 (2003).
- John RM. Tobacco consumption patterns and its health implications in India. Health Policy71, 213–222 (2005).
- Maurya V, Vijayan VK, Shah A. Smoking and tuberculosis: an association overlooked. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.6, 942–951 (2002).
- Lin HH, Ezzati M, Murray M. Tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med.4, e20 (2007).
- Bates MN, Khalakdina A, Pai M, Chang L, Lessa F, Smith KR. Risk of tuberculosis from exposure to tobacco smoke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Intern. Med.167, 335–342 (2007).
- Chiang CY, Slama K, Enarson DA. Associations between tobacco and tuberculosis. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.11, 258–262 (2007).
- Gajalakshmi V, Peto R, Kanaka TS, Jha P. Smoking and mortality from tuberculosis and other diseases in India: retrospective study of 43000 adult male deaths and 35000 controls. Lancet362, 507–515 (2003).
- Gupta PC, Pednekar MS, Parkin DM, Sankaranarayanan R. Tobacco associated mortality in Mumbai (Bombay) India. Results of the Bombay Cohort Study. Int. J. Epidemiol.34, 1395–1402 (2005).
- Pednekar MS, Gupta PC. Prospective study of smoking and tuberculosis in India. Prev. Med. DOI:10.1016/j.ypmed.2007.02.017 (2007) (Epub ahead of print).
- Jha P, Gajalakshmi V, Gupta PC et al. Prospective study of one million deaths in India: rationale, design, and validation results. PLoS Med.3, e18 (2006).
- Davies PD, Yew WW, Ganguly D et al. Smoking and tuberculosis: the epidemiological association and immunopathogenesis. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.100, 291–298 (2006).
- Dheda K, Johnson MA, Zumla A, Rook GA. Smoking is not beneficial for tuberculosis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.170, 821; author reply 821 (2004).
- Rook GA, Dheda K, Zumla A. Immune responses to tuberculosis in developing countries: implications for new vaccines. Nat. Rev. Immunol.5, 661–667 (2005).
- Borovikova LV, Ivanova S, Zhang M et al. Vagus nerve stimulation attenuates the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin. Nature405, 458–462 (2000).
- Matsunaga K, Klein TW, Friedman H, Yamamoto Y. In vitro therapeutic effect of epigallocatechin gallate on nicotine-induced impairment of resistance to Legionella pneumophila infection of established MH-S alveolar macrophages. J. Infect. Dis.185, 229–236 (2002).
- Robbins CS, Dawe DE, Goncharova SI et al. Cigarette smoke decreases pulmonary dendritic cells and impacts antiviral immune responsiveness. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol.30, 202–211 (2004).
- Avanzini MA, Ricci A, Scaramuzza C et al. Deficiency of INF γ producing cells in adenoids of children exposed to passive smoke. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol.19, 609–616 (2006).
- Tomita K, Caramori G, Lim S et al. Increased p21(CIP1/WAF1) and B cell lymphoma leukemia-x(L) expression and reduced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages from smokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.166, 724–731 (2002).
- Dheda K, Booth H, Huggett JF, Johnson MA, Zumla A, Rook GA. Lung remodeling in pulmonary tuberculosis. J. Infect. Dis.192, 1201–1209 (2005).
- Proulx LI, Pare G, Bissonnette EY. Alveolar macrophage cytotoxic activity is inhibited by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), a carcinogenic component of cigarette smoke. Cancer Immunol. Immunother.56, 831–838 (2007).
- Nordskog BK, Fields WR, Hellmann GM. Kinetic analysis of cytokine response to cigarette smoke condensate by human endothelial and monocytic cells. Toxicology212, 87–97 (2005).
- Leung CC, Li T, Lam TH et al. Smoking and tuberculosis among the elderly in Hong Kong. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.170, 1027–1033 (2004).
- Leung CC, Yew WW, Chan CK et al. Smoking and tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.7, 980–986 (2003).
- Furber AS, Maheswaran R, Newell JN, Carroll C. Is smoking tobacco an independent risk factor for HIV infection and progression to AIDS? A systemic review. Sex. Transm. Infect.83, 41–46 (2007).
- Feldman C. Pneumonia associated with HIV infection. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis.18, 165–170 (2005).
- Patel N, Talwar A, Reichert VC, Brady T, Jain M, Kaplan MH. Tobacco and HIV. Clin. Occup. Environ. Med.5, 193–207, xi (2006).
- Baris E, Ezzati M. Should interventions to reduce respirable pollutants be linked to tuberculosis control programmes? Br. Med. J.329, 1090–1093 (2004).
Website
- WHO. Why is tobacco a public health priority? www.who.int/tobacco/health_priority/en/ index.html