Reducing diabetic limb amputations in developing countries

References

• Abbas ZG. The global burden of diabetic foot. Chapter 4 In: Pendsey S, editor. Contemporary management of diabetic foot. 1st edition. JP Medical, Ltd, New Dehli; 2013. p. 24-30. Available from: www.jpeedigital.com
   Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Archibald LK. Recent international development: Africa. Chapter 34. In: Boulton AJM, Cavanagh P, Rayman G, editors. The foot in diabetes. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, London; 2006. p. 379-85. Available from: www.wiley.com
   Google Scholar
• International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 6th edition. IDF, Brussels; 2013
   Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Archibald LK. Challenges for management of the diabetic foot in Africa: doing more with less. Int Wound J 2007;4(4):305-13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Archibald LK. Epidemiology of the diabetic foot in Africa. Med Sci Monit 2005;11(8):RA 262-70
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Viswanathan V. The diabetic foot in Africa and India. Int Diab Monitor 2007;19:8-12
   Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Gill GV, Archibald LK. The epidemiology of diabetic limb sepsis: an African perspective. Diabet Med 2002;19(11):895-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Archibald LK. The diabetic foot in Sub-Saharan Africa: a new management paradigm. Diab Foot J 2007;10:128-36
   Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Morbach S, Archibald LK. Clinical outcome of diabetic patients hospitalized with foot ulcers, Dar es Salaam. Tanzania. Diabet Med 2002;19(7):575-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tesfaye S, Gill G. Chronic diabetic complications in Africa. Afr J Diabetes Med 2011;19(1):4-8
   Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Archibald LK. Foot complications in diabetic patients with symptomatic peripheral neuropathy in Dar es Salaam. Tanzania. Diabetes Int 2000;10:52-6
   Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Archibald LK. Diabetic foot ulcers and ethinicity in Tanzania: a contrast between African and Asian populations. Int Wound J 2009;6:124-31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morbach S, Lutale JK, Viswanathan V, et al. Regional difference in risk factors and clinical presentation of diabetic foot lesions. Diabet Med 2004;21:91-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Archibald LK. Rodent bites on the feet of diabetic patients in Tanzania. Diabet Med 2005;22(22):631-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hennis AJ, Fraser HS, Jonnalogadda R, et al. Explanation for the high risk of diabetes related amputation of black African descent and potential for prevention. Diabetes Care 2004;27(11):2636-41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Gill GV, Archibald LK. The epidemiology of diabetic limb sepsis: an African perspective. Diabet Med 2002;19(11):895-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambleton IR, Jonnalagadda R, Davis CR, et al. All cause mortality after diabetes related amputation in Barbados. Diabetes Care 2009;32:306-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Working group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF). The development of global consensus guidelines on the management and prevention of the Diabetic Foot. 2011. Available from: www.iwgdf.org
   Google Scholar
• Cavanagh P, Attinger C, Abbas ZG, et al. Cost of treating diabetic foot ulcers in five different countries. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012;28(Suppl-1):107-11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shobhana R, Rama Rao P, Lavanya A, et al. Cost burden to Diabetic patients with foot complications- a study from Southern India. JAPI 2000;48(12):1147-50
   Google Scholar
• Ali SM, Fareed A, Humail SM, et al. The personal cost of diabetic foot diseases in the developing world – a study from Pakistan. Diabetes Med 2008;25(10):1231-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG. editor. Pocket Guideline of diabetic foot. 1st edition. [email protected]; P. O. Box 21361, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: 2014
   Google Scholar
• Apelqvist J, Larsson J. What is the most effective way to reduce incidence of amputation in the diabetic foot? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16(Suppl 1):S75-83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson J, Apelqvist J, Agardh CD, Stenström A. Decreasing incidence of major amputation in diabetic patients: a consequence of a multidisciplinary foot care team approach? Diabet Med 1995;12(9):770-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faglia E, Favales F, Aldeghi A, et al. Change in major amputation rate in a center dedicated to diabetic foot care during the 1980s: prognostic determinants for major amputation. J Diabetes Complications 1998;12(2):96-102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holstein P, Ellitsgaard N, Olsen BB, Ellitsgaard V. Decreasing incidence of major amputations in people with diabetes. Diabetologia 2000;43(7):844-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker K. The year of the diabetic foot and beyond. Diabetes Voice 2005;50:43-5
   Google Scholar
• Ebskov B, Ebskov L. Major lower limb amputation in diabetic patients: development during 1982 to 1993. Diabetologia 1996;39(12):1607-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Houtum WH, Rauwerda JA, Ruwaard D, et al. Reduction in diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in The Netherlands: 1991-2000. Diabetes Care 2004;27(5):1042-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anichini R, Zecchini F, Cerretini I, et al. Improvement of diabetic foot care after the Implementation of the International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot (ICDF): results of a 5-year prospective study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;75(2):153-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard IM. The prevention of foot ulceration in diabetic patients. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2009;20(4):595-609
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matwa P, Chabeli MM, Muller M, Levitt NS; Working Group of the National Diabetes Advisory Board: European IDDM Policy Group. Experiences and guidelines for footcare practices of patients with diabetes mellitus. Curationis 2003;26(1):11-21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leese G, Stang D. Strategies for improving diabetic foot care: An example from Scotland. Diabetic foot Canada 2014;2(1):41-5
   Google Scholar
• Mayfield JA, Reiber GE, Sanders LJ, et al. American Diabetes Association. Preventive foot care in diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27(Suppl 1):S63-4
   Google Scholar
• Vileikyte L, Rubin RR, Leventhal H. Psychological aspects of diabetic neuropathic foot complications: an overview. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2004;20(Suppl 1):13-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vileikyte L, Gonzalez JS, Leventhal H, et al. Patient Interpretation of Neuropathy Questionaire: An instrument for assessment of cognitive and emotional factors associated with foot ulceration. Diabetes Care 2006;29(12):2617-24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayfield JA, Reiber GE, Sanders LJ, et al. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes. Diabetes Care 1998;21(12):2161-77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Rensburg GJ. Preventive foot care in people with diabetes: Quality patient education. JEMDSA 2009;14:1-2
   Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Bakker K, et al. The ‘Step by Step’ Diabetic Foot Project in Tanzania: a model for improving patient outcomes in less-developed countries. Int Wound J 2011;8(2):169-75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Archibald LK. Tropical diabetic hand syndrome: epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2005;6(1):21-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Archibald LK, et al. Tropical diabetic hand syndrome: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 1998–2002. MMWR 2002;51(43):969-70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Archibald LK. Tropical diabetic hand syndrome: risk factors in an adult diabetic population. Tanzania. Int J Infect Dis 2001;5(1):19-23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Archibald LK, Gill GV, Abbas ZG. Fatal hand sepsis in Tanzania diabetic patients. Diabetes Med 1997;14(7):607-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bajaj S, Bajaj AK. Tropical diabetic hand syndrome: Indian experience. J Assoc Physician India 1999;47:1118-19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosseri S, Gill G. Hand and foot sepsis in Libyan diabetic patients. Trop Doct 1997;27:232-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akintewe TA. The diabetic hand: 5 illustrative cases report. Br J Clin Pract 1984;38:368-71
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ezeldeen K, Fahal AH, Ahmed ME. Management of hand infection in Khartoum. East Afr Med J 1992;69:616-18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akintewe TA, Akanji AO, Odunsan O. Hand and foot ulcers in Nigerian diabetics: a comperative study. Trop Geogr Med 1983;35:353-9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Ilondo MM, Archibald LK. The utility of Gram stains and culture in the management of limb ulcers in persons with diabetes. Int Wound J 2012;9(6):677-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbas Z, Morbach S. Diabetes foot damage in developing countries: the urgent need for education. Diabetes Voice 2005;50:15-17
   Google Scholar
• Bakker K, Abbas ZG, Pendsey S. Step by step, improving diabetic foot care in the developing world. A pilot study for India, Bangladesh, The ‘‘Step by Step’’ Diabetic Foot Project in Tanzania, 2004–2010 Sri Lanka and Tanzania. Pract Diab Intern 2006;23:365-9
   Google Scholar
• Pendsey S, Abbas ZG. The Step-by-Step program for reducing diabetic foot problems: a model for the developing world. Curr Diab Rep 2007;6:425-8
   Google Scholar
• Bakker K, Acker KV, Morbach S, Perry A. Promoting foot care education in developing countries: the Caribbean Diabetic Foot Care Program. Diabetes Voice 2009;54(3):15-18
   Google Scholar
• McGill M. Diabetic neuropathy: foot education. Diabetes Education Modules, Section 5 Part 4-lll, International Diabetes Federation
   Google Scholar
• Veves A, Uccioli L, Manes C, et al. Comparison of risk factors for foot problems in diabetic patients attending teaching hospital outpatient clinics in four different European states. Diabet Med 1994;11(7):709-13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar