Antiandrogen therapy for androgenetic alopecia

References

• Ellis JA, Stebbing M, Harrap SB. Polymorphism of the androgen receptor gene is associated with male pattern baldness. J. Invest. Dermatol.116, 452–455 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillmer AM, Hanneken S,, Ritzmann S et al. Genetic variation in the human androgen receptor gene is the major determinant of common early-onset androgenetic alopecia. Am. J. Hum. Genet.77(1), 140–148 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis JA, Sinclair R, Harrap SB. Androgenetic alopecia: pathogenesis and potential for therapy. Exp. Rev. Mol. Med. (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Birch MP, Lalla SC, Messenger AG. Female pattern hair loss. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 27(5), 383–388 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harrap SB. Hypertension: genes versus environment. Lancet344, 169–171 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messenger AG, Birch MP. Genetic susceptibility in male and female balding. Presented at: European Hair Research Society Conference (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Harrison S, Ellis J, Sinclair R, Harrap S. The genetics of female androgenetic alopecia. Presented at: The Australasian College of Dermatologists 36th Annual Meeting, May 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Cash TF. The psychology of hair loss and its implications for patient care. Clin. Dermatol.19, 161–166 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Budd D, Himmelberger D, Rhodes T et al. The effects of hair loss in European men: a survey in four countries. Eur. J. Dermatol.10, 122–127 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee H-J, Ha S-J, Kim D, Kim H-O, Kim J-W. Perception of men with androgenetic alopecia by women and nonbalding men. Int. J. Dermatol.41(12), 867–869 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biondo S, Goble D, Sinclair R. Women who present with female pattern hair loss tend to underestimate the severity of their hair loss. Br. J. Dermatol.150(4), 750–752 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gan D, Sinclair R. Prevalence of male and female pattern hair loss in Maryborough. J. Invest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc.10(3), 184–189 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sinclair R, Chapman A, Magee J. The lack of significant changes in scalp hair follicle density with advancing age. Br. J. Dermatol.152, 646–649 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Courtois M, Loussouarn G, Hourseau C et al. Hair cycle and alopecia. Skin Pharmacol.7, 84–89 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sawaya ME, Price VH. Different levels of 5α-reductase type I and II, aromatase, and androgen receptor in hair follicles of women and men with androgenetic alopecia. J. Invest. Dermatol.109, 296–300 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt JB. Endocrine constellation in androgenetic alopecia in the females. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift99(1), 21–24 (1987).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orme S, Cullen DR, Messenger AG. Diffuse female hair loss: are androgens necessary? Br. J. Dermatol.141(3), 521–523 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton JB. Patterned long hair in man; types and incidence. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.53, 708–714 (1951).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norwood OT. Male pattern baldness. Classification and incidence. South Med. J.68, 1359–1370 (1975).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair R. Male pattern androgenetic alopecia. Br. Med. J.317, 865–869 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair RD, Dawber RPR. Androgenetic alopecia in men and women. Clin. Dermatol.19, 167–178 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen EA. The midline part: an important physical clue to the clinical diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia in women. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.40, 106–109 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ludwig E. Classification of the types of androgenetic alopecia (common baldness) occurring in the female sex. Br. J. Dermatol.97, 247–254 (1977).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiting DA. Chronic telogen effluvium: increased scalp hair shedding in middle-aged women. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.35, 899–906 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair R. Chronic telogen effluvium: a study of 5 patients over 7 years. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.52, 12–16 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair RD. Diffuse hair loss. Int. J. Dermatol.38(Suppl.), 8–18 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Berker DAR, Messenger AG, Sinclair RD. Disorders of hair. In: Rook's Textbook of Dermatology (Volume 4). Burns T, Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C (Eds). Blackwell Publishing, UK (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Tosti A, Bardazzi F, De Padova MP et al. Contact dermatology. to minoxidil. Contact Derm.13, 275–277 (1985).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bienova M, Kucerova R, Fiurakova M et al. Androgenic alopecia and current methods of treatment. Acta Dermatovenerol. Alp. Panonica Adriat14(1), 5–8 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaufman KD, Olsen EA, Whiting D et al. Finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride Male Pattern Hair Loss Study Group. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.39, 578–589 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles GG, Severi G, Sinclair R et al. Androgenetic alopecia and prostate cancer: findings from an Australian case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.11, 549–553 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Thompson IM, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM et al. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N. Engl. J. Med.349, 215–224 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein EA, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Lippman SM, Thompson IM. Assessing benefit and risk in the prevention of prostate cancer: the prostate cancer prevention trial revisited. J. Clin. Oncol.20, 7460–7466 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Andriole GL, Guess HA, Epstein JI et al. Treatment with finasteride preserves the usefulness of prostate-specific antigen in the detection of prostate cancer: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. PLESS Study Group. Proscar Long-term Efficacy and Safety Study. Urology52(2), 195–201 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stough DB, Rao NA, Kauffman KD et al. Finasteride improves male pattern hair loss in a randomized study in identical twins. Eur. J. Dermatol.12, 32–37 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finasteride Male PatternHair Loss Study Group. Long-term (5-year) multinational experience with finasteride 1 mg in the treatment of men with androgenic alopecia. Eur. J. Dermatol.12(1), 38–49 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Price VH, Roberts JL, Hordinksy M et al. Lack of efficacy of finasteride in postmenopausal women with androgenetic alopecia. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.43(5 Pt 1), 768–776 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thai KE, Sinclair RD. Finasteride for female androgenetic alopecia. Br. J. Dermatol.147(4), 812–813 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trueb RM (Swiss Trichology Study Group). Finasteride treatment of patterned hair loss in normoandrogenic postmenopausal women. Dermatology209(3), 202–207 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shum KW, Cullen DR, Messenger AG. Hair loss in women with hyperandrogenism: four cases responding to finasteride. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.47(5), 733–739 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomella LG. Chemoprevention using dutasteride: the REDUCE trial. Curr. Opin. Urol.15(1), 29–32 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andriole GL, Humphrey P, Ray P et al. Effect of the dual 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride on markers of tumor regression in prostate cancer. J. Urol.172(3), 915–919 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roehrborn CG, Lukkarinen O, Mark S et al. Long-term sustained improvement in symptoms of US FDA with the dual 5α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride: results of 4-year studies. Br. J. Urol. Int.96(4), 572–577 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Debruyne F, Barkin J, van Erps P et al. Efficacy and safety of long-term treatment with the dual 5 α-reductase inhibitor dutasteride in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Eur. Urol.46(4), 488–494 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Leary MP, Roehrborn C, Andriole G. Improvements in benign prostatic hyperplasia-specific quality of life with dutasteride, the novel dual 5α-reductase inhibitor. BJU92(3), 262–266 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Olszewska M, Rudnicka L. Effective treatment of female androgenetic alopecia with dutasteride. J. Drugs Dermatol.4(5), 637–640 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shaw JC. Antiandrogen therapy in dermatology. Int. J. Dermatol.35(11), 770–776 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair R, Wewerinke M, Jolley D. Treatment of female pattern hair loss with oral antiandrogens. Br. J. Dermatol.152, 466–473 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thai KE, Sinclair RD. Spironolactone-induced hepatitis. Australas. J. Dermatol.42(3), 180–182 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brzezinska-Wcislo L. Assessment of efficacy of Diane-35 in androgenetic feminine alopecia. Wiad. Lek.56(3–4), 202–205 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peereboom-Wynia JD, Van Joost T Van der Willigen AH, Stolz E. The effect of cyproterone acetate on hair roots and hair shaft diameter in androgenetic alopecia in females. Acta Derm. Venereol.69, 395–398 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vexiau P, Chaspoux C, Boudou P et al. Effects of minoxidil 2% vs cyproterone acetate treatment on female androgenetic alopecia: a controlled, 12-month randomised trial. Br. J. Dermatol.146, 992–999 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortimer CH, Rushton H, James KC. Effective medical treatment of common baldness in women. Clin. Exp. Dermatol.9, 342–350 (1984).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mallari R, Sinclair RD. Shortness of breath: an uncommon side-effect of cyproterone in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Int. J. Dermatol.41(12), 946–947 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cusan L, Dupont A, Gomez JL, Tremblay RR, Labrie F. Comparison of flutamide and spironolactone in the treatment of hirsutism: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil. Steril.61(2), 281–287 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair R, Wewerinke M, Jolley D. Treatment of female pattern hair loss with oral antiandrogens. Br. J. Dermatol.152, 466–473 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar