The science of cosmeceuticals

References

• Rokhsar CK, Lee S, Fitzpatrick RE. Review of photorejuvenation: devices, cosmeceuticals, or both? Dermatol. Surg.9(Pt 2), 1166–1178 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Kligman AM. Cosmetics. A dermatologist looks to the future: promises and problems. Dermatol. Clin.4, 699–709 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Kligman AM. Topical treatments for photoaged skin. Separating the reality from the hype. Postgrad. Med.102(2), 115–118 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligman AM. The future of cosmeceuticals: an interview with Albert Kligman, MD, PhD. Interview by Zoe Diana Draelos. Dermatol Surg.31(7 Pt 2), 890–891 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millikan LE. Cosmetology, cosmetics, cosmeceuticals: definitions and regulations. Clin. Dermatol.19(4), 371–374 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greff JA. Regulation of cosmetics that are also drugs. Food Drug Law J.51(2), 243–272 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara SH. FDA regulation of cosmeceuticals: U.S. cosmetic and drug regulations pertinent to the cosmeceutical issue. Cosmetics Toiletries112, 41–45 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Trueb RM. The value of hair cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Dermatology202(4), 275–282 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramos-e-Silva M, Carneiro SC. Cosmetics for the elderly. Clin. Dermatol.19(4), 413–423 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kligman D. Cosmeceuticals. Dermatol. Clin.18(4), 609–615 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harman D. The free radical theory of aging. Antioxid.Redox Signal.5(5), 557–561 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann LS. A refresher on antioxidants. Skin Aller. News35(5) 31 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Samuel M, Brooke RC, Hollis S, Griffiths CE. Interventions for photodamaged skin. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.25(1), CD001782 (2005).
   Google Scholar
• Gilchrest BA. A review of skin ageing and its medical therapy. Br. J. Dermatol.135, 867–875 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen EA, Katz HI, Levine N et al. Tretinoin emollient cream: a new therapy for photodamaged skin. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.26(2 Pt 1), 215–224 (1992).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyirady J, Bergfeld W, Ellis C et al. Tretinoin cream 0.02% for the treatment of photodamaged facial skin: a review of 2 double-blind clinical studies. Cutis68(2), 135–142 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang S, Bergfeld W, Gottlieb AB et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of tretinoin emollient cream 0.05% in the treatment of photodamaged facial skin: a two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am. J. Clin. Dermatol.6(4), 245–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sefton J, Kligman AM, Kopper SC et al. Photodamage pilot study: a double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to assess the efficacy and safety of tazarotene 0.1% gel. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.43(4), 656–663 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilchrest BA. Treatment of photodamage with topical tretinoin: an overview. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.36(3 Pt 2), S27–S36 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang S, Leyden JJ, Lowe NJ et al. Tazarotene cream for the treatment of facial photodamage: a multicenter, investigator-masked, randomized, vehicle-controlled, parallel comparison of 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05% and 0.1% tazarotene creams with 0.05% tretinoin emollient cream applied once daily for 24 weeks. Arch. Dermatol.137, 1597–604 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brogden RN, Goa KL. Adapalene. Drugs53(3), 511–518 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernard BA. Adapalene, a new chemical entity with retinoid activity. Skin Pharmacol.6(Suppl.1), 61–69 (1993).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Verschoore M, Poncet M, Czernielewski J, Sorba V, Clucas A. Adapalene 0.1% gel has low skin irritation potential. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.36, S104–S109 (1997).
   Google Scholar
• Clucas A, Verschoore M, Sorba V et al. Adapalene 0.1% gel is better tolerated than tretinoin 0.025% gel in acne patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.36, S116–S118 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khonsari H, Grandiere-Perez L, Caumes E. Scurvy, a re-emerging disease. Rev. Med. Intern.26(11), 885–890 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colven RM, Pinnell SR. Topical vitamin C in aging. Clin. Dermatol.14, 227–234 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller KL, Fenske NA. Uses of vitamins A, C, and E and related compounds in dermatology: a review. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.39, 611–625 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissett DL, Chatterjee R, Hannon DP. Photoprotective effect of superoxide-scavenging antioxidants against ultraviolet radiation-induced chronic skin damage in the hairless mouse. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed.7(2), 56–62 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eberlein-Konig B, Placzek M, Przybilla B. Protective effect against sunburn of combined systemic ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and d-α-tocopherol (vitamin E). J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.38, 45–48 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Traikovich SS. Use of topical ascorbic acid and its effects on photodamaged skin topography. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.125(10), 1091–1098 (1999).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Weber C, Podda M, Rallis M, Thiele JJ, Traber MG, Packer L. Efficacy of topically applied tocopherols and tocotrienols in protection of murine skin from oxidative damage induced by UV-irradiation. Free Rad. Biol. Med.22, 761–769 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jurkiewicz BA, Bissett DL, Buettner GR. Effect of topically applied tocopherol on ultraviolet radiation-mediated free radical damage in skin. J. Invest. Dermatol.104, 484–488 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller KL, Fenske NA. Uses of vitamins A, C, and E and related compounds in dermatology: a review. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.39(4 Pt 1), 611–625 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumann LS, Spencer J. The effects of topical vitamin E on the cosmetic appearance of scars. Dermatol. Surg.25(4), 311–315 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura T, Nakada T, Iijima M. Widespread contact dermatitis from tocopherol acetate. Contact Derm.51(4), 211–212 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werninghaus K, Meydani M, Bhawan J, Margolis R, Blumberg JB, Gilchrest BA. Evaluation of the photoprotective effect of oral vitamin E supplementation. Arch. Dermatol.130(10), 1257–1261 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werninghaus K, Handjani RM, Gilchrest BA. Protective effect of α-tocopherol in carrier liposomes on ultraviolet-mediated human epidermal cell damage in vitro. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed.8(6), 236–242 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoppe U, Bergemann J, Diembeck W et al. Coenzyme Q10, a cutaneous antioxidant and energizer. Biofactors9(2–4), 371–378 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podda M, Tritschler HJ, Ulrich H, Packer L. α-lipoic acid supplementation prevents symptoms of vitamin E deficiency. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.204(1), 98–104 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribaya-Mercado JD, Garmyn M, Gilchrest BA, Russell RM. Skin lycopene is destroyed preferentially over β-carotene during ultraviolet irradiation in humans. J. Nutr.125(7), 1854–1859 (1995).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offord EA, Gautier JC, Avanti O et al. Photoprotective potential of lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and carnosic acid in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Free Rad. Biol. Med.32(12), 1293–1303 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draelos ZD. Botanical antioxidants. Cosmet. Dermatol.16(9), 46–49 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Draelos ZD. Topical anti-inflammatory agents. Cosmet. Dermatol.16(10), 41–42 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Khanna S, Roy S, Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Sen CK. Upregulation of oxidant-induced VEGF expression in cultured keratinocytes by a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Free Rad. Biol. Med.31(1), 38–42 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ et al. Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology148(2–3), 187–197 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bagchi D, Garg A, Krohn RL, Bagchi M, Tran MX, Stohs SJ. Oxygen free radical scavenging abilities of vitamins C and E, and a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in vitro. Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharmacol.95(2), 179–189 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katiyar SK, Ahmad N, Mukhtar H. Green tea and skin. Arch. Dermatol.136(8), 989–994 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick RE. Endogenous growth factors as cosmeceuticals. Dermatol. Surg.31, 827–831 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fitzpatrick RE, Rostan EF. Reversal of photodamage with topical growth factors: a pilot study. J. Cosmet. Laser Ther.5, 25–34 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCullough JL, Weinstein GD. Clinical study of safety and efficacy of using topical kinetin 0,1% (kinerase) to treat photodamaged skin. Cosmet. Dermatol.15, 29–32 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Thornfeldt CR. Cosmeceuticals: separating fact from voodoo science. Skinmed.4(4), 214–220 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lupo MP. Cosmeceutical peptides. Dermatol. Surg.31(7 Pt 2), 832–836 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beitner H. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study on the clinical efficacy of a cream containing 5% α lipoic acid related to photoageing of facial skin. Br. J. Dermatol.149, 841–849 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh DK, Murthy UV. Antiaging benefits of a topical formulation containing coenzyme Q10: results of 2 clinical studies. Cosmet. Dermatol.15, 55–60 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Bauza E, Dal Farra C, Berghi A et al. Date palm kernel extract exhibits antiaging properties and significantly reduces skin wrinkles. Int. J. Tissue React.24, 131–136 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kondo SJ. The role of cytokines in photoaging. J. Dermatol. Sci.23(Suppl. 1), S30–S36 (2000).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson L. Pentapeptide offers improvement in human photoaged facial skin. Poster 0179 presented at: 20th World Congress of Dermatology, Paris, France. July 1–5, (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Draelos ZD. Sorting out all your hydroxy acid options. Skin Aging6, 45–47 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Draelos ZD. Hydroxy acids for the treatment of aging skin. J. Geriatr. Dermatol.5, 236–240 (1997).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsarabas AD. Pathogenesis and treatment of melasma. Cosmet. Dermatol.15, 13–16 (2001).
   Google Scholar
• Palumbo A, d’Ischia M, Misuraca G, Prota G. Mechanism of inhibition of melanogenesis by hydroquinone. Biochem. Biophys. Acta1073(1), 85–90 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor SC, Torok H, Jones T et al. Efficacy and safety of a new triple-combination agent for the treatment of facial melasma. Cutis72(1), 67–72 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torok HM, Jones T, Rich P, Smith S, Tschen E. Hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%, fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%: a safe and efficacious 12-month treatment for melasma. Cutis75(1), 57–62 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penneys NS. Ochronosis-like pigmentation from hydroquinone bleaching creams. Arch. Dermatol.121, 1239–1249 (1985).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garcia A, Fulton JE. The combination of glycolic acid and hydroquinone or kojic acid for the treatment of melasma and related conditions. Dermatol. Surg.22, 443–447 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edlich RF, Cox MJ, Becker DG et al. Revolutionary advances in sun-protective clothing--an essential step in eliminating skin cancer in our world. J. Eff. Med. Implants14(2), 95–106 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lowe NJ. An overview of ultraviolet radiation, sunscreens, and photo-induced dermatoses. Dermatol. Clin.24(1), 9–17 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinnell SR, Fairhurst D, Gillies R et al. Microfine zinc oxide is a superior sunscreen ingredient to microfine titanium dioxide. Dermatol. Surg.26, 309–314 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez E, Gonzalez S. Drug photosensitivity, idiopathic photodermatoses, and sunscreens. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.35, 871–885 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatelain E, Gabard B. Photostabilization of butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a new UV broadband filter. Photochem. Photobiol.74(3), 401–406 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatelain E, Gabard B, Gelis C et al. Assessment of the skin photoprotective capacities of an organo-mineral broad-spectrum sunblock on two ex vivo skin models. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed.19(5), 242–253 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naylor M, Gasparro F. What you and your patients should know about sunscreens. Skin Aging6, 44–50 (1998).
   Google Scholar
• Ojoe E. Inovação em fotoproteção. Int. J. Pharm. Comp.6(6), 317–320 (2004).
   Google Scholar
• Marinovic B. What is evidence-based dermatology? Acta Dermatovenerol. Croat.13(4), 252 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar