References
- Food and Drug Administration. Guidance for industry – container and closure system integrity testing in lieu of sterility testing as a component of the stability protocol for sterile products. Rockville, MD, USA, 1–9 (2008).
- Baudouin C, Pisella PJ, Fillacier K et al. Ocular surface inflammatory changes induced by topical antiglaucoma drugs: human and animal studies. Ophthalmology106(3), 556–563 (1999).
- Becquet F, Goldschild M, Moldovan MS, Ettaiche M, Gastaud P, Baudouin C. Histopathological effects of topical ophthalmic preservatives on rat corneoconjunctival surface. Curr. Eye Res.17(4), 419–425 (1998).
- Purite, Package insert. Bio-Cide International Inc. OK, USA, 1–3 (1998).
- Noecker RJ Herrygers LA, Anwaruddin R. Corneal and conjunctival changes caused by commonly used glaucoma medications. Cornea23(5), 490–496 (2004).
- Kahook MY, Travoprost Z. Ophthalmic solution: clinical safety and efficacy. Expert Rev. Ophthalmol.2(3), 363–368 (2007).
- Domagk G. Eine neue Klasse von Desinfectionsmitteln. Deutsche Medizin Wissenschafter61, 829–832 (1935).
- Pisella PJ, Fillacier K, Elena PP, Debbasch C, Baudouin C. Comparison of the effects of preserved and unpreserved formulations of timolol on the ocular surface of albino rabbits. Ophthalmic. Res.32, 3–8 (2000).
- Grant WM. Toxicology of the Eye (3rd Edition). Charles C Thomas Publisher Ltd, Springfield, IL, USA, 167–169 (1986).
- De Saint Jean M, Brignole F, Bringuier A, Bauchet A, Feldmann G. Effects of benzalkonium chloride on growth and survival of Chang conjunctival cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.40, 619–630 (1999).
- Burnstein, NL, Klyce SD. Electrophysiologic and morphologic effects of ophthalmic preparations on rabbit cornea epithelium. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.6, 899–911 (1977).
- Baudouin C, de Lunardo C. Short-term comparative study of topical 2% carteolol with and without benzalkonium chloride in healthy volunteers. Br. J. Ophthalmol.82, 39–42 (1998).
- De Saint Jean M, Debbasch C, Brignole F, Rat P, Warnet JM. Toxicity of preserved and unpreserved antiglaucoma topical drugs in an in vitro model of conjunctival cells. Curr. Eye Res.20, 85–94 (2000).
- Kuppens EV, van Best JA, Sterk CC, de Keizer R. Decreased basal tear turnover in patients with untreated primary open-angle glaucoma. Am. J. Ophthalmol.120(1), 41–46 (1995).
- Fassihi AR, Naidoo NT. Irritation associated with tear-replacement ophthalmic drops. A pharmaceutical and subjective investigation. S. Afr. Med J.75, 233–235 (1989).
- Tripathi BJ, Tripathi RC. Cytotoxic effects of benzalkonium chloride and chlorobutanol on human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. Lens Eye Toxic Res.6, 395–403 (1989).
- Tomlinson A, Trees GR. Effect of preservatives in artificial tear solutions on tear film evaporation. Ophthalmic. Physiol. Opt.11, 48–52 (1991).
- Grant WM, Schuman JS. Toxicology of the eye (4th Edition). Charles C Thomas Publisher Ltd, Springfield, IL, USA, 167 (1993).
- Grant WM. New treatment for calcific corneal opacities. Arch. Ophthalmol.48, 681–685 (1952).
- Rosenthal R, Henry C, Stone R, Schlech B. Anatomy of a regimen: consideration of multipurpose solutions during non-compliant use. Cont. Lens Anterior Eye26(1), 17–26 (2003).
- Labbé A, Pauly A, Liang H et al. Comparison of toxicological profiles of benzalkonium chloride and polyquaternium-1: an experimental study. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther.22(4), 267–278 (2006).
- Lopez B, Ubel J. Quantitative evaluation of the corneal epithelial barrier: effect of artificial tears and preservatives. Curr. Eye Res.10(7), 645–656 (1991).
- Larkin DFP, Kilvington S, Dart JKG. Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis with polyhexamethylene biguanide. Ophthalmology99, 185–191 (1992).
- Allen MJ, White GF, Morby AP. The response of Escherichia coli to exposure to the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide. Microbiology152, 989–1000 (2006).
- Rozen S, Abelson M, Giovanoni A, Welch D. Assessment of the comfort and tolerance of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose preserved with purite (Refresh Tears) in dry-eye suffers. IOVS39, B2486–B2343 (1998).
- Grant R, Ajello M, Vlass E. Salt water or high tech? A look at two new rinsing solutions for contact lenses. Optician212, 38–41 (1996)
- Masschelein WJ. Chlorine Dioxide, Chemistry and Environmental Impact of Oxychlorine Compounds. Ann Arbor (Ed.). Science, MI, USA 50–55 (1979).
- Kahook MY, Noecker RJ. Comparison of corneal and conjunctival changes after dosing of Travoprost preserved with sofZia, latanoprost with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride, and preservative-free artificial tears. Cornea27(3), 339–343 (2008).
Websites
- Abelson MB, Washburn S. The downside of tear preservatives – a working knowledge of preservatives’ long-term effects can help you safeguard your patients. Rev. Ophthalmol. (2002). www.revophth.com/index.asp?page=1_97.htm