Role of early detection and pharmacotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

References

• Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley PM, Jenkins CR, Hurd SS. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) workshop summary. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.163, 1256–1276 (2001).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bolton CE, Ionescu AA, Edwards PH et al. Attaining a correct diagnosis of COPD in general practice. Respir. Med.99, 493–500 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Enright P, Quanjer P. Spirometry for COPD is both underutilized and overutilized. Chest132, 368–370 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinkelman DG, Nordyke RJ, Isonaka S et al. The impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on long-term disability costs. J. Manag. Care Pharm.11(1), 25–32 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krzyzanowski M, Jedrychowski W, Wysocki M. Factors associated with the change in the ventilatory function and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a 13-year follow-up of the Cracow study: risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.134, 1011–1019 (1986).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mannino DM, Gagnon RC, Petty TL et al. Obstructive lung disease and low lung function in adults in the United States: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Arch. Intern. Med.160, 1683–1689 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lokke A, Lange P, Scharling H et al. Developing COPD: a 25 year follow up study of the general population. The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Thorax61, 935–939 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes PJ, Chowdhury B, Kharitonov SA et al. Pulmonary biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.174, 6–14 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saetta M, Turato G, Maestrelli P et al. Cellular and structural bases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.163(6), 1304–1309 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curtis J, Freeman C, Hogg J. The immunopathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc.4, 512–521 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokararch S et al. The nature of small airways obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N. Engl. J. Med.350, 2645–2653 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henson PM, Vandivier RW, Douglas IS. Cell death, remodeling and repair in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc.3, 713–717 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yawn BP, Enright PL, Lemanske RF et al. Spirometry can be done in family physicians’ offices and alters clinical decisions in management of asthma and COPD. Chest132, 1162–1168 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinkelman DG, Price DB, Nordyke RJ, Halbert RJ. COPD screening efforts in primary care: what is the yield? Prim. Care Respir. J.16, 41–48 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Schayck CP, Loozen JM, Wagena E et al. Detecting patients at a high risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice: cross sectional case finding study. Br. Med. J.324, 1370 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clotet J, Gomez-Arbones X, Ciria C, Albalad JM. Spirometry is a good method for detecting and monitoring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in high-risk smokers in primary health care. Arch. Bronconeumol.40, 155–159 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg A, Bjerg-Backlund A, Ronmark E et al. Prevalence and underdiagnosis of COPD by disease severity and the attributable fraction of smoking. Report from the obstructive lung disease in Northern Sweden studies. Respir. Med.100, 264–272 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zielinski J, Bednare M. Early detection of COPD in a high-risk population using spirometric screening. Know the Age of your Lung Study Group. Chest119, 731–736 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavord ID, Birring SS, Berry M et al. Multiple inflammatory hits and the pathogenesis of severe airway disease. Eur. Respir. J.27, 884–888 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanner RE, Connett JE, Williams DE, Buist AS. Effects of randomized assignment to a smoking cessation intervention and changes in smoking habits on respiratory symptoms in smokers with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Lung Health Study. Am. J. Med106, 410–416 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffels J, Degryse J, Decramer M, Heyrman J. Spirometry and smoking cessation advice in general practice: a randomized clinical trial. Respir. Med.100, 2012–2017 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segnan N, Ponti A, Battista RN. A randomize trial of smoking cessation interventions in general practice in Italy. Cancer Causes Control2, 239–246 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using spirometry: recommendation statement. Ann. Intern. Med.148, 529–534 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stratelis G, Molstad S, Jakobsson P et al. The impact of repeated spirometry and smoking cessation advice on smokers with mild COPD. Scan. J. Prim. Care24(3), 133–139 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkes G, Greenhalgh T, Griffin M et al. Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: the Step2quit randomised controlled trial. Br. Med. J.336, 598–600 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ofir D, Laveneziana P, Webb K, Lam Y, O’Donnell D. Mechanisms of dyspea during cycle exercise in symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med.177(6), 622–629 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP et al. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1. The Lung Health Study. JAMA272, 1497–1505 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauwels RA, Rabe KF. Burden and clinical features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lancet364, 613–620 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vestbo J, Soorenson T, Lange P et al. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet353, 1819–1823 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albers M, Schermer T, van den Boom G et al. Efficacy of inhaled steroids in undiagnosed subjects at high risk for COPD: results of the Detection, Intervention and Monitoring of COPD and Asthma Program. Chest126(6), 1815–1824 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keatings VM, Jatakanon A, Worsdell YM, Barnes PJ. Effects of inhaled and oral glucocorticoids on inflammatory indices in asthma and COPD. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.155(2), 542–548 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozol D, Aysan T, Solak ZA et al. The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bronchioalveolar lavage cells and IL-8 levels in stable COPD patients. Respir. Med.99, 1494–1500 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattotuwa KL, Gizycki MJ, Ansari TW. The effects of inhaled fluticasone on airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.165, 1592–1596 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Culpitt SV, Maziak W, Loukidis S et al. Effect of high dose inhaled steroid on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.160, 1635–1639 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoeven GT, Garrelds IM, Hoogsteden HC et al. Effects of fluticasone propionate inhalation on levels of arachidonic acid metabolites in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mediators Inflamm.10, 21–26 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verhoeven GT, Wijkhuijs AJ, Hooijkaas H et al. Effect of an inhaled glucocorticoid on reactive oxygen species production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells from smoking COPD patients. Mediators Inflamm.9, 109–113 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Verhoeven G, Hegmans J, Mulder P, Bogaard J, Hoogsteden H, Prins J. Effects of fluticasone propionate in COPD patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Thorax57, 694–700 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iiboshi H, Ashitani J, Katoh S et al. Long-term treatment with theophylline reduces neutrophils, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther.20, 46–51 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes NC, Qiu YS, Pavord ID et al. Antiinflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in chronic obstructive lung disease. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.173, 736–743 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sin DD, Man SF, Marciniuk DD et al. The effects of fluticasone with or without salmeterol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in COPD. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med.177(11), 1207–1214 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamble A, Grootendorst DC, Brightling CE et al. Antiinflammatory effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor cilomilast (ariflo) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am. J. Med168, 976–982 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Grootendorst DC, Gauw SA, Verhoosel RM et al. Reduction in sputum neutrophil and eosinophil numbers by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in patients with COPD. Thorax62, 1081–1087 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasielski M, Nowak D. Long-term administration of N-acetylcysteine decreases hydrogen peroxide exhalation in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir. Med.95(6), 448–456 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Benedetto F, Aceto A, Dragani B et al. Long-term oral N-acetylcysteine reduces exhaled hydrogen peroxide in stable COPD. Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther.18(1), 41–47 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar