References
- Papers of special note have been highlighted as:
- • of interest
- •• of considerable interest
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- Holgate ST. Innate and adaptive immune responses in asthma. Nat Med. 2012;18(5):673–683.
- Black JL, Panettieri RA Jr, Banerjee A, et al. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: just a target for bronchodilation? Clin Chest Med. 2012;33(3):543–558.
- Prakash YS. Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling: what have we learned? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2013;305(12):L912–33.
•• Review highlighting the structure and function of ASM cells and the contribution of the aberrant ASM bundle to AHR, remodeling and inflammation in respiratory diseases such as asthma.
- Xia YC, Redhu NS, Moir LM, et al. Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of airway smooth muscle: emerging concepts. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2013;26(1):64–74.
- Noble PB, Pascoe CD, Lan B, et al. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: linking contraction and mechanotransduction to disease pathogenesis and remodelling. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2014;29(2):96–107.
- Koziol-White CJ, Panettieri RA Jr. Airway smooth muscle and immunomodulation in acute exacerbations of airway disease. Immunol Rev. 2011;242(1):178–185.
- Yawn J, Lawrence LA, Carroll WW, et al. Vitamin D for the treatment of respiratory diseases: is it the end or just the beginning? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2015;148:326–337.
•• In-depth review outlining the association between vitamin D and respiratory diseases as well as current knowledge on vitamin D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option.
- Choby GW, Lee S. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of asthma: current treatment options and future directions. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2015;5(Suppl 1):S35–40.
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- Jiao J, Castro M. Vitamin D and asthma: current perspectives. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;15(4):375–382.
- Berraies A, Hamzaoui K, Hamzaoui A. Link between vitamin D and airway remodeling. J Asthma Allergy. 2014;7:23–30.
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- Damera G, Fogle HW, Lim P, et al. Vitamin D inhibits growth of human airway smooth muscle cells through growth factor-induced phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and checkpoint kinase 1. Br J Pharmacol. 2009;158(6):1429–1441.
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- Niruban SJ, Alagiakrishnan K, Beach J, et al. Association between vitamin D and respiratory outcomes in Canadian adolescents and adults. J Asthma. 2015;52(7):653–661.
- Somashekar AR, Prithvi AB, Gowda MN. Vitamin D levels in children with bronchial asthma. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(10):PC04–7.
- Lan N, Luo G, Yang X, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-deficiency enhances oxidative stress and corticosteroid resistance in severe asthma exacerbation. PLoS One. 2014;9(11):e111599.
- Chung KF, Marwick JA. Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in airways and lungs with reference to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1203:85–91.
- Marwick JA, Ito K, Adcock IM, et al. Oxidative stress and steroid resistance in asthma and COPD: pharmacological manipulation of HDAC-2 as a therapeutic strategy. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2007;11(6):745–755.
- Litonjua AA. Childhood asthma may be a consequence of vitamin D deficiency. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;9(3):202–207.
- Camargo CA Jr, Rifas-Shiman SL, Litonjua AA, et al. Maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and risk of recurrent wheeze in children at 3 y of age. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(3):788–795.
- Salas NM, Luo L, Harkins MS. Vitamin D deficiency and adult asthma exacerbations. J Asthma. 2014;51(9):950–955.
- Castro M, King TS, Kunselman SJ, et al. Effect of vitamin D3 on asthma treatment failures in adults with symptomatic asthma and lower vitamin D levels: the VIDA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;311(20):2083–2091.
• Clinical trial with relatively large sample size which demonstrated that vitamin D supplementation was ineffective in reducing exacerbations in patients with persistent asthma.
- Bar Yoseph R, Livnat G, Schnapp Z, et al. The effect of vitamin D on airway reactivity and inflammation in asthmatic children: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015;50(8):747–753.
- Yadav M, Mittal K. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on moderate to severe bronchial asthma. Indian J Pediatr. 2014;81(7):650–654.
- Arshi S, Fallahpour M, Nabavi M, et al. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on airway functions in mild to moderate persistent asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2014;113(4):404–409.
• Recently concluded clinical trial which showed that vitamin D supplementation was able to improve FEV1 in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma.
- Erle DJ, Sheppard D. The cell biology of asthma. J Cell Biol. 2014;205(5):621–631.
- James AL, Elliot JG, Jones RL, et al. Airway smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(10):1058–1064.
- Berair R, Saunders R, Brightling CE. Origins of increased airway smooth muscle mass in asthma. BMC Med. 2013;11:145-7015-11-145.
- Malavia NK, Raub CB, Mahon SB, et al. Airway epithelium stimulates smooth muscle proliferation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009;41(3):297–304.
- Gandhi VD, Vliagoftis H. Airway epithelium interactions with aeroallergens: role of secreted cytokines and chemokines in innate immunity. Front Immunol. 2015;6:147.
- Patel JK, Clifford RL, Deacon K, et al. Ciclesonide inhibits TNFalpha- and IL-1beta-induced monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) secretion from human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012;302(8):L785–92.
- Trian T, Allard B, Dupin I, et al. House dust mites induce proliferation of severe asthmatic smooth muscle cells via an epithelium-dependent pathway. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191(5):538–546.
- Kaur D, Doe C, Woodman L, et al. Mast cell-airway smooth muscle crosstalk: the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Chest. 2012;142(1):76–85.
- Redhu NS, Gounni AS. Function and mechanisms of TSLP/TSLPR complex in asthma and COPD. Clin Exp Allergy. 2012;42(7):994–1005.
- Shan L, Redhu NS, Saleh A, et al. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor-mediated IL-6 and CC/CXC chemokines expression in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK) and STAT3 pathways. J Immunol. 2010;184(12):7134–7143.
- McKay S, Sharma HS. Autocrine regulation of asthmatic airway inflammation: role of airway smooth muscle. Respir Res. 2002;3:11.
- Chang Y, Al-Alwan L, Risse PA, et al. Th17-associated cytokines promote human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. FASEB J. 2012;26(12):5152–5160.
- Al-Alwan LA, Chang Y, Baglole CJ, et al. Autocrine-regulated airway smooth muscle cell migration is dependent on IL-17-induced growth-related oncogenes. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012;130(4):977-85.e6.
- Rahman MS, Yamasaki A, Yang J, et al. IL-17A induces eotaxin-1/CC chemokine ligand 11 expression in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of MAPK (Erk1/2, JNK, and p38) pathways. J Immunol. 2006;177(6):4064–4071.
- Gounni AS, Wellemans V, Yang J, et al. Human airway smooth muscle cells express the high affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon RI): a critical role of Fc epsilon RI in human airway smooth muscle cell function. J Immunol. 2005;175(4):2613–2621.
- Redhu NS, Saleh A, Shan L, et al. Proinflammatory and Th2 cytokines regulate the high affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) and IgE-dependant activation of human airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One. 2009;4(7):e6153.
- Redhu NS, Shan L, Al-Subait D, et al. IgE induces proliferation in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of MAPK and STAT3 pathways. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2013;9(1):41.
- Robinson DS. The role of the mast cell in asthma: induction of airway hyperresponsiveness by interaction with smooth muscle? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(1):58–65.
- Damera G, Tliba O, Panettieri RA Jr. Airway smooth muscle as an immunomodulatory cell. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(5):353–359.
- Hollins F, Kaur D, Yang W, et al. Human airway smooth muscle promotes human lung mast cell survival, proliferation, and constitutive activation: cooperative roles for CADM1, stem cell factor, and IL-6. J Immunol. 2008;181(4):2772–2780.
- Kaur D, Gomez E, Doe C, et al. IL-33 drives airway hyper-responsiveness through IL-13-mediated mast cell: airway smooth muscle crosstalk. Allergy. 2015;70(5):556–567.
- Manning BM, Meyer AF, Gruba SM, et al. Single-cell analysis of mast cell degranulation induced by airway smooth muscle-secreted chemokines. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2015;1850(9):1862–1868.
- Lazaar AL, Reitz HE, Panettieri RA Jr, et al. Antigen receptor-stimulated peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage-derived T cells induce MHC class II and ICAM-1 expression on human airway smooth muscle. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997;16(1):38–45.
- Lazaar AL, Panettieri RA Jr. Adhesion of T-cells to airway smooth muscle cells. Methods Mol Med. 2000;44:111–119.
- Al Heialy S, Risse PA, Zeroual MA, et al. T cell-induced airway smooth muscle cell proliferation via the epidermal growth factor receptor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2013;49(4):563–570.
- Ramos-Barbon D, Fraga-Iriso R, Brienza NS, et al. T cells localize with proliferating smooth muscle alpha-actin+ cell compartments in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;182(3):317–324.
- Al Heialy S, Zeroual M, Farahnak S, et al. Nanotubes connect CD4+ T cells to airway smooth muscle cells: novel mechanism of T cell survival. J Immunol. 2015;194(12):5626–5634.
- Noble PB, Pascoe CD, Lan B, et al. Airway smooth muscle in asthma: linking contraction and mechanotransduction to disease pathogenesis and remodelling. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2014;29(2):96–107.
- Berair R, Hollins F, Brightling C. Airway smooth muscle hypercontractility in asthma. J Allergy (Cairo). 2013;2013:185971.
- Kerley CP, Elnazir B, Faul J, et al. Vitamin D as an adjunctive therapy in asthma. Part 1: a review of potential mechanisms. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015;32:60–74.
- Bosse Y, Maghni K, Hudson TJ. 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 stimulation of bronchial smooth muscle cells induces autocrine, contractility, and remodeling processes. Physiol Genomics. 2007;29(2):161–168.
• One of the first studies to demonstrate the effects of vitamin D on expression of genes involved in human ASM cell growth, survival and function.
- Song Y, Qi H, Wu C. Effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (a vitamin D analogue) on passively sensitized human airway smooth muscle cells. Respirology. 2007;12(4):486–494.
- Britt RD Jr, Faksh A, Vogel ER, et al. Vitamin D attenuates cytokine-induced remodeling in human fetal airway smooth muscle cells. J Cell Physiol. 2015;230(6):1189–1198.
- Himes BE, Koziol-White C, Johnson M, et al. Vitamin D modulates expression of the airway smooth muscle transcriptome in fatal asthma. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0134057.
- Kudo M, Ishigatsubo Y, Aoki I. Pathology of asthma. Front Microbiol. 2013;4:263.
- Fischer KD, Agrawal DK. Vitamin D regulating TGF-beta induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Respir Res. 2014;15:146.
- Banerjee A, Damera G, Bhandare R, et al. Vitamin D and glucocorticoids differentially modulate chemokine expression in human airway smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol. 2008;155(1):84–92.
• Study highlighting a potential role of vitamin D in the treatment of steroid-resistant asthma.
- Edwards MR, Bartlett NW, Clarke D, et al. Targeting the NF-kappaB pathway in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2009;121(1):1–13.
- Song Y, Hong J, Liu D, et al. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits nuclear factor kappa B activation by stabilizing inhibitor IκBα via mRNA stability and reduced phosphorylation in passively sensitized human airway smooth muscle cells. Scand J Immunol. 2013;77(2):109–116.
- Agrawal T, Gupta GK, Agrawal DK. Calcitriol decreases expression of importin α3 and attenuates RelA translocation in human bronchial smooth muscle cells. J Clin Immunol. 2012;32(5):1093–1103.