References
- Chataway J, Miller DH. Natalizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics. 2013;10(1):19–28.
- Fragoso YD, Alves-Leon SV, Arruda WO, et al. Natalizumab adverse events are rare in patients with multiple sclerosis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71(3):137–141.
- Tur C, Montalban X. Natalizumab: risk stratification of individual patients with multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2014;28(7):641–648.
- O’Connor PW, Goodman A, Kappos L, et al. Disease activity return during natalizumab treatment interruption in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2011;76(22):1858–1865.
- Salhofer-Polanyi S, Baumgartner A, Kraus J, et al. What to expect after natalizumab cessation in a real-life setting. Acta Neurol Scand. 2014;130(2):97–102.
- Rigau V, Mania A, Béfort P, et al. Lethal multiple sclerosis relapse after natalizumab withdrawal. Neurology. 2012;79(22):2214–2216.
- Fragoso YD, Arruda NM, Arruda WO, et al. We know how to prescribe natalizumab for multiple sclerosis, but do we know how to withdraw it?. Expert Rev Neurother. 2014;14(2):127–130.
- Borriello G, Prosperini L, Mancinelli C, et al. Pulse monthly steroids during an elective interruption of natalizumab: a post-marketing study. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19:783–787.
- Magraner MJ, Coret F, Navarre A, et al. Pulsed steroids followed by glatiramer acetate to prevent inflammatory activity after cessation of natalizumab therapy: a prospective, 6-month observational study. J Neurol. 2011;258:1805–1811.
- Rossi S, Motta C, Studer V, et al. Effect of glatiramer acetate on disease reactivation in MS patients discontinuing natalizumab. Eur J Neurol. 2013;20:87–94.
- Havla J, Gerdes LA, Meinl I, et al. De-escalation from natalizumab in multiple sclerosis: recurrence of disease activity despite switching to glatiramer acetate. J Neurol. 2011;258:1665–1669.
- Gobbi C, Meier DS, Cotton F, et al. Interferon beta 1b following natalizumab discontinuation: one year, randomized, prospective, pilot trial. BMC Neurol. 2013;13:101.
- Stuve O, Cravens PD, Frohman EM, et al. Immunologic, clinical, and radiologic status 14 months after cessation of natalizumab therapy. Neurology. 2009;72:396–401.
- Rispens T, Vennegoor A, Wolbink GJ, et al. Natalizumab remains detectable in patients with multiple sclerosis long after treatment is stopped. Mult Scler. 2012;18(6):899–901.
- Berger JR, Centonze D, Comi G, et al. Considerations on discontinuing natalizumab for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010;68:409–411.
- Giovannoni G, Naismith RT. Natalizumab to fingolimod washout in patients at risk of PML: when good intentions yield bad outcomes. Neurology. 2014;82(14):1196–1197.
- Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983;33:1444–1452.
- Jander S, Turowski B, Kieseier BC, et al. Emerging tumefactive multiple sclerosis after switching therapy from natalizumab to fingolimod. Mult Scler. 2012;18(11):1650–1652.
- Daelman L, Maitrot A, Maarouf A, et al. Severe multiple sclerosis reactivation under fingolimod 3 months after natalizumab withdrawal. Mult Scler. 2012;18(11):1647–1649.
- Laroni A, Brogi D, Milesi V, et al. Early switch to fingolimod may decrease the risk of disease recurrence after natalizumab interruption. Mult Scler. 2013;19(9):1236–1237.
- Rinaldi F, Seppi D, Calabrese M, et al. Switching therapy from natalizumab to fingolimod in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Mult Scler. 2012;18(11):1640–1643.
- Sempere AP, Martín-Medina P, Berenguer-Ruiz L, et al. Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod: an observational study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2013;128(2):e6–e10.
- De Seze J, Ongagna JC, Collongues N, et al. Reduction of the washout time between natalizumab and fingolimod. Mult Scler. 2013;19(9):1248.
- Maillart E, Louapre C, Lubetzki C, et al. Fingolimod to treat severe multiple sclerosis after natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a valid option?. Mult Scler. 2014;20(4):505–509.
- Havla J, Tackenberg B, Hellwig K, et al. Fingolimod reduces recurrence of disease activity after natalizumab withdrawal in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2013;260(5):1382–1387.
- Cohen M, Maillart E, Tourbah A, et al. Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod in multiple sclerosis: a French prospective study. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(4):436–441.
- Baldi E, Guareschi A, Vitetta F, et al. Previous treatment influences fingolimod efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from an observational study. Curr Med Res Opin. 2014;30(9):1849–1855.
- Hoepner R, Havla J, Eienbröker C, et al. Predictors for multiple sclerosis relapses after switching from natalizumab to fingolimod. Mult Scler. 2014;20(13):1714–1720.
- Capobianco M, Di Sapio A, Malentacchi M, et al No impact of current therapeutic strategies on disease reactivation after natalizumab discontinuation: a comparative analysis of different approaches during the first year of natalizumab discontinuation. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(3):585–587.
- Jokubaitis VG, Li V, Kalincik T, et al., et al. Fingolimod after natalizumab and the risk of short-term relapse. Neurology. 2014;82(14):1204–1211.
- Killestein J, Vennegoor A, Van Golde AE, et al PML-IRIS during fingolimod diagnosed after natalizumab discontinuation. Case Rep Neurol Med. 2014;2014:307872.
- Peaureaux D, Pignolet B, Biotti D, et al. Fingolimod treatment after natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Three new cases. Mult Scler. 2015;21(5):671–672.
- Comi G, Gold R, Dahlke F, et al. Relapses in patients treated with fingolimod after previous exposure to natalizumab. Mult Scler. 2015;21(6):786–790.
- Bianco A, Patanella AK, Nociti V, et al. Second-line therapy with fingolimod for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis in clinical practice: the effect of previous exposure to natalizumab. Eur Neurol. 2015;73(1–2):57–65.
- Kappos L, Radue EW, Comi G, et al. Switching from natalizumab to fingolimod: A randomized, placebo-controlled study in RRMS. Neurology. 2015;85(1):29–39.
- Fragoso YD, Adoni T, Gomes S, et al. Persistent headache in patients with multiple sclerosis starting treatment with fingolimod. Headache. 2015;55(4):578–579.
- Fragoso YD, Arruda CC, Arruda WO, et al. The real-life experience with cardiovascular complications in the first dose of fingolimod for multiple sclerosis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2014;72(9):712–714.
- Prosperini L, Annovazzi P, Capobianco M, et al. Natalizumab discontinuation in patients with multiple sclerosis: profiling risk and benefits at therapeutic crossroads. Mult Scler. 2015;21(13):1713–1722.
- Stangel M, Stüve O. Multiple sclerosis: natalizumab to fingolimod - the washout whitewash. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014;10(6):311–313.
- SENTINEL Investigators, Rudick RA, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA, et al. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(9):911–923.
- Fox RJ, Cree BA, De Sèze J, et al. RESTORE. MS disease activity in RESTORE: a randomized 24-week natalizumab treatment interruption study. Neurology. 2014;82(17):1491–1498.
- Cross AH, Naismith RT. Established and novel disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. J Intern Med. 2014;275(4):350–363.