Azelastine nasal spray for the treatment of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis

References

• Reed SD, Lee TA, McCrory DC. The economic burden of allergic rhinitis: a critical evaluation of the literature. Pharmacoeconomics22, 345–361 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahr TA, Sheth K. Update on allergic rhinitis. Pediatr. Rev.26, 284–289 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bielory L, Ambrosio P. Conjunctivitis and allergic eye diseases. In: Current Reviews of Rhinitis. Kaliner MA (Ed.). Current Medicine Inc., PA, USA, 115–122 (2002).
   Google Scholar
• Devyani L, Corey JP. Vasomotor rhinitis update. Curr. Opin .Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg.12, 243–247 (2004).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schatz M. A survey of the burden of allergic rhinitis in the USA. Allergy62, 9–16 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein JA. Azelastine hydrochloride: a review of pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and tolerability. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.23, 2441–2452 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI et al. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.122(2 Suppl.), S1–S84 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauchau V, Durham SR. Prevalence and rate of diagnosis of allergic rhinitis in Europe. Eur. Respir. J.24(5), 758–764 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Cirillo I, Vizzaccaro A et al. Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis: is this classification adherent to real life? Allergy60(7), 882–887 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirmaz C, Yaksel H, Bayrak P, Yilmaz O. Symptoms of the olive pollen allergy: do they really only occur in the pollination season? J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol.15(2), 140–145 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altana Pharma. Allergies in America: a landmark survey of nasal allergy sufferers. HealthSTAR Communications, Inc. Sponsored by Altana Pharma US, Inc. (2006).
   Google Scholar
• Kaliner MA. A novel and effective approach to treating rhinitis with nasal antihistamines. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.99(5), 383–390 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger WE, White MV. Efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in patients with an unsatisfactory response to loratadine. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.91, 205–211 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LaForce CF, Corren J, Wheeler WJ, Berger WE. Efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients who remain symptomatic after treatment with fexofenadine. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.93, 154–159 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberman P, Kaliner MA, Wheeler WJ. Open-label evaluation of azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis. Curr. Med. Res. Opin.21, 611–618 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer EO, Sacks H. Azelastine nasal spray significantly improves health related quality of life compared to cetirizine tablets in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.117(2), S324 (2006).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumry W, Prenner B, Corren J, Wheeler W. Efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray at a dose of 1 spray per nostril twice daily. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.99, 267–272 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak F, Zieglmayer UP, Zieglmayer R et al. Azelastine nasal spray and desloratadine tablets in pollen-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pharmacodynamic study of onset of action and efficacy. Curr. Med. Res. Opion.22, 151–157 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciprandi G, Ricca V, Passalaqua G et al. Seasonal rhinitis and azelastine: long- or short-term treatment ? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.99, 301–307 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee C, Corren J. Review of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Expert Opin. Pharmacother.8, 701–709 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al Suleimani YM, Walker MJA. Allergic rhinitis and its pharmacology. Pharmacol. Therapeut.114, 233–260 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golden MP, Gleason MM, Togias A. Cysteinyl leukotrienes: multi-functional mediators in allergic rhinitis. Clin. Exp. Allergy36, 689–703 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Portnoy JM, Van Osdol T, Williams PB. Evidence-based strategies for treatment of allergic rhinitis. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep.4, 439–446 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee T, Pickard S. Meta-analysis of azelastine nasal spray for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Pharmacotherapy27, 852–859 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corren J, Storms W, Bernstein J et al. Effectiveness of azelastine nasal spray compared with oral cetirizine in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clin. Ther.27, 543–553 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sher E, Sacks H. Azelastine nasal spray compared to cetirizine in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a pooled analysis of two double-blind, multicenter studies .J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.117(2), S319 (2006).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patel P, D’Andrea C, Sacks HJ. Onset of action of azelastine nasal spray compared with mometasone nasal spray and placebo in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis evaluated in an environmental exposure chamber. Am. J. Rhinol.21, 499–503 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berger W, Hampel F, Bernstein J, Shah S, Sacks H, Meltzer O. Impact of azelastine nasal spray on symptoms and quality of life compared with cetirizine oral tablets in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.97, 375–381 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behncke VB, Alemar GO, Kaufman DA, Eidelman FJ. Azelastine nasal spray and fluticasone nasal spray in the treatment of geriatric patients with rhinitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.117(2), 263–263 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratner PH, Hampel F, Van Bavel J et al. Combination therapy with azelastine hydrochloride nasal spray and fluticasone propionate nasal spray in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.100(1), 74–81 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelso JM. Combination therapy with azelastine and fluticasone nasal drops. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.101(1), 111 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratner PH, Ehrlich PM, Fineman SM, Meltzer EO, Skoner DP. Use of intranasal cromolyn sodium for allergic rhinitis. Mayo Clin. Proc.77, 350–354 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer EO; NasalCrom Study Group. Efficacy and patient satisfaction with cromolyn sodium nasal solution in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a placebo-controlled study. Clin. Ther.24(6), 942–952 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lange B, Lukat KF, Rettig K, Holtappeis G, Bachert C. Efficacy, cost–effectiveness, and tolerability of mometasone furoate, levocabastine, and disodium cromoglycate nasal sprays in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma. Immunol.95(3), 272–282 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anzic SA, Dzepina D, Kalogjera L. The effect of levocabastine and furosemide pretreatment on hyperreactive response after nasal provocation with hypotonic aerosol in subjects with allergic rhinitis. Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol.264(11), 1309–1314 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falser N, Wober W, Rahlfs VW, Baehre M. Comparative efficacy and safety of azelastine and levocabastine nasal sprays in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Arzeimittelforschung51, 387–393 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salib JR, Howarth PH. Safety and tolerability profiles of intranasal antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Drug Safety26, 863–893 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiler JM. Meltzer EO, Benson PM, Weiler K, Widlitz MD, Freitag J. A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with an acute model. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.94, 972–980 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meltzer EO, Weiler JM, Dockhorn RJ, Widlitz MD, Freitag JJ. Azelastine nasal spray in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy72, 354–359 (1994).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ratner PH, Findlay SR, Hampel F, van Bavel J, Widlitz MD, Freitag JJ. A double-blind, controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.94, 818–825 (1994).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storms WW, Pearlman DS, Chervinsky P et al. Effectiveness of azelastine nasal solution in seasonal allergic rhinitis. ENT J.73, 382–389 (1994).
   Google Scholar
• LaForce C, Dockhorn RJ, Prenner BM et al. Safety and efficacy of azelastine nasal spray (astelin NS) for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.76, 181–188 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horak F, Stübner UP. Comparative tolerability of second generation antihistamines. Drug Safety20(5), 385–401 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar