45
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Long-term neurocognitive adverse effects of prenatal antiepileptic drug exposure

&
Pages 131-137 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Keränen T, Riekkinen PJ, Sillanpää M. Incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in adults in eastern Finland. Epilepsia30, 413–421 (1989).
  • Hauser WA, Hesdorffer DC. Epilepsy: Frequency, Causes and Consequences. Demos, New York (1990).
  • Artama M, Isojärvi JI, Raitanen J, Auvinen A. Birth rate among patients with epilepsy: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Finland. Am. J. Epidemiol.159, 1057–1063 (2004).
  • Viinikainen K, Heinonen S, Eriksson K, Kälviäinen R. Fertility in women with active epilepsy. Neurology69(22), 2107–2108 (2007).
  • Adab N, Kini U, Vinten J et al. The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych.75, 1575–1583 (2004).
  • Meador KJ, Zupang ML. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born to mothers with epilepsy. Cleve. Clin. J. Med.71(Suppl. 2), S38–S41 (2004).
  • Chen Y-H, Chiou H-Y, Lin H-C, Lin H-L. Affect of seizures during gestation on pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy. Arch. Neurol.66(8), 979–984 (2009).
  • Gaily E, Granström ML, Hiilesmaa V, Bardy A. Minor anomalies in offspring of epileptic mothers. J. Pediatr.112, 520–529 (1988).
  • Arpino C, Brescianini S, Robert E et al. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs: use of an international database on malformations and drug exposure (MADRE). Epilepsia41, 1436–1443 (2000).
  • Holmes LB, Harvey EA, Coull BA et al. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsant drugs. N. Engl. J. Med.344, 1132–1138 (2001).
  • Wyszynski DF, Nambisan M, Surve T, Alsdorf RM, Smith CR, Holmes LB; for the Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry. Increased rate of major malformations in offspring exposed to valproate during pregnancy. Neurology64, 691–695 (2005).
  • Tomson T, Battino D. Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Seizure17(2), 166–171 (2008).
  • Koch S, Titze K, Zimmermann RB, Schröder M, Lehmkuhl U, Rauh H. Long-term neuropsychological consequences of maternal epilepsy and anticonvulsant treatment during pregnancy for school-age children and adolescents. Epilepsia40(9), 1237–1243 (1999)
  • Adab N, Jacoby A, Smith D, Chadwick D. Additional educational needs in children born to mothers with epilepsy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych.70, 15–21 (2001).
  • Gaily E, Kantola-Sorsa E, Hiilesmaa V et al. Normal intelligence in children with prenatal exposure to carbamazepine. Neurology62, 28–32 (2004).
  • Vinten J, Adab N, Kini U, Gorry J, Gregg J, Baker GA; for the Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment study group. Neuropsychological effects of exposure to anticonvulsant medication in utero. Neurology64, 949–954 (2005).
  • Eriksson K, Viinikainen K, Mönkkönen A et al. Children exposed to valproate in utero – community based evaluation of risks and confounding factors for long-term neurological and cognitive development. Epilepsy Res.65, 189–200 (2005).
  • Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, Clayton-Smith J et al. Cognitive function at 3 et al of age after fetal exposure to antiepileptic drugs. N. Engl. J. Med.360(16), 1597–1605 (2009).
  • Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW. Prospective, longitudinal assessment of developmental neurotoxicity. Environ. Health Perspect.104(Suppl. 2), 275–283 (1996).
  • Holmes GL, Harden C, Liporace J, Gordon J. Postnatal concerns in children born to women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav.3, 270–276 (2007).
  • Finnell RS, Dansky LV. Parental epilepsy, anticonvulsant drugs, and reproductive outcome: epidemiological and experimental findings spanning three decades; 1: animal studies. Reprod. Toxicol.5, 281–299 (1991).
  • Middaugh LD, Simpson LW, Thomas TN, et al. Prenatal maternal phenobarbital increases reactivity and retards habituation of mature offspring to environmental stimuli. Psychopharmacology (Berl.)74, 349–352 (1981).
  • Yanai J, Fares F, Gavish M et al. Neural and behavioral alterations after early exposure to phenobarbital. Neurotoxicology10, 543–554 (1989).
  • Adams J, Vorhees CV, Middaugh LD. Developmental neurotoxicity of anticonvulsants: human and animal evidence on phenytoin. Neurotoxicol. Teratol.12, 203–214 (1990).
  • Vorhees CV, Acuff KD, Weisenburger WP, Minck DR. Teratogenicity of carbamazepine in rats. Teratology41, 311–317 (1990).
  • Mantovani A, Calamandrei G. Delayed developmental effects following prenatal exposure to drugs. Curr. Pharm. Des.7, 859–880 (2001).
  • Bolanos AR, Sarkisian M, Yang Y, et al. Comparison of valproate and phenobarbital treatment after status epilepticus in rats. Neurology51, 41–48 (1998).
  • Cilio MR, Bolanos AR, Liu Z et al. Anticonvulsant action and longterm effects of gabapentin in the immature brain. Neuropharmacology40, 139–147 (2001).
  • Cha BH, Silveira DC, Liu X et al. Effect of topiramate following recurrent and prolonged seizures during early development. Epilepsy Res.51, 217–232 (2002).
  • Marsh ED, Brooks-Kayal AR, Porter BE. Seizures and antiepileptic drugs: does exposure alter normal brain development? Epilepsia47(12), 1999–2010 (2006).
  • Wyllie E. The Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles and Practice. 3rd Edition). Williams & Wilkins, MD, USA (2001).
  • Scolnik D, Nulman I, Rovet J et al. Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to phenytoin and carbamazepine monotherapy. JAMA271, 767–770 (1994).
  • Vinten J, Bromley RL, Taylor J, Adab N, Kini U, Baker GA; Liverpool and Manchester Neurodevelopment group. The behavioral consequences of exposure to antiepileptic drugs in utero. Epilepsy Behav.14(1), 197–201 (2009).
  • Thomas SV, Sukumaran S, Lukose N, George A, Sarma PS. Intellectual and language functions in children of mothers with epilepsy. Epilepsia48(12), 2234–2240 (2007).
  • Nicolai J, Vles JSH, Aldenkamp AP. Neurodevelopmental delay in children exposed to antiepileptic drugs in utero: a critical review directed at structural study-bias. J. Neurol. Sci.271, 1–14 (2008).
  • Devlin B, Daniels M, Roeder K. The hereditability of IQ. Nature388, 468–470 (1997).
  • Bouchard TJ Jr, Lykken DT, McGue M, Segal NL, Tellegen A. Sources of human psychological differences: the Minnesota study of children reared apart. Science250, 223–228 (1999).
  • Jacobs N, Van Gestel S, Derom C et al. Hereditability estimates of intelligence in twins: effect of chorion type. Behav. Genet.31, 209–217 (2001).
  • Meador KJ, Baker G, Cohen MJ, Gaily E, Westerveld M. Cognitive/behavioral teratogenetic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav.11, 292–302 (2007).
  • Lewis BA, Singer LT, Short EJ et al. Four-year language outcomes of children exposed to cocaine in utero. Neurotox. Teratol.26, 617–627 (2004).
  • Titze K, Koch S, Helge H, Lehmkuhl U, Rauh H, Steinhausen HC. Prenatal and family risks of children born to mothers with epilepsy: effects on cognitive development. Dev. Med. Child Neurol.50(2), 117–122 (2008).
  • Horwood LJ, Darlow BA, Mogridge N. Breast milk feeding and cognitive ability at 7–8 et al. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonat. Ed.84, F23–F27 (2001).
  • Adab N, Tudur Smith C, Vinten J, Williamson P, Winterbottom J. Common antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy in women with epilepsy. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.3, CD004848 (2004).
  • Harden CL, Meador KJ, Pennell PB et al. Practice Parameter update: management issues for women with epilepsy – focus on pregnancy (an evidence based review): teratogenesis and perinatal outcomes. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and American Epilepsy Society. Neurology73, 133–141 (2009).
  • Sommerville ER, Cook MJ, O’Brien TJ. Pregnancy treatment guidelines: throwing the baby out with the bath water. Epilepsia50(9), 2167–2173 (2009).
  • Kälviäinen R, Tomson T. Optimizing treatment of epilepsy during pregnancy. Neurology12(Suppl. 4), S59–S63 (2006).
  • Tomson T, Perucca E, Battino D. Navigating toward fetal and maternal health: the challenge of treating epilepsy in pregnancy. Epilepsia45, 1171–1715 (2004).
  • Penovich P, Gaily E. What can we say to women of reproductive age with epilepsy? Neurology64, 938–939 (2005).
  • Harden CL, Pennell PB, Koppel BS et al. Management issues for women with epilepsy – focus on pregnancy (an evidence-based review): III. Vitamin K, folic acid, blood levels, and breast-feeding. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee and Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Epilepsy Society. Epilepsia50(5), 1247–1255 (2009).
  • Shorvon SD. Longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psych.75, 1517–1518 (2004).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.