134
Views
49
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Insulin resistance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: necessary but not sufficient – death of a dogma from analysis of therapeutic studies?

, , &
Pages 279-289 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014

References

  • Loria P, Adinolfi LE, Bellentani S et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. A decalogue from the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF) Expert Committee. Dig. Liver Dis.42, 272–282 (2010).
  • Caldwell S, Ikura Y, Dias D et al. Hepatocellular ballooning in NASH. J. Hepatol.53, 719–723 (2010).
  • Caldwell SH, Swerdlow RH, Khan EM et al. Mitochondrial abnormalities in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Hepatol.31, 430–434 (1999).
  • Sanyal AJ, Campbell-Sargent C, Mirshahi F et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: association of insulin resistance and mitochondrial abnormalities. Gastroenterology120, 1183–1192 (2001).
  • Bellentani S, Marino M. Epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ann. Hepatol.8(Suppl. 1), S4–S8 (2009).
  • Caldwell S, Argo C. The natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig. Dis.28(1), 162–168 (2010).
  • Argo CK, Northup PG, Al-Osaimi AM, Caldwell SH. Systematic review of risk factors for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Hepatol.51, 371–379 (2009).
  • Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Oh BJ. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clin. Proc.55, 434–438 (1980).
  • Ratziu V, Bellentani S, Cortez-Pinto H, Day C, Marchesini G. A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 Special Conference. J. Hepatol.53, 372–384 (2010).
  • Schuppan D, Gorrell MD, Klein T, Mark M, Afdhal NH. The challenge of developing novel pharmacological therapies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int.30, 795–808 (2010).
  • Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M, Pagano G. A meta-analysis of randomized trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology52, 79–104 (2010).
  • Marchesini G, Brizi M, Morselli-Labate AM et al. Association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with insulin resistance. Am. J. Med.107, 450–455 (1999).
  • Cortez-Pinto H, Camilo ME, Baptista A, De Oliveira AG, De Moura MC. Non-alcoholic fatty liver: another feature of the metabolic syndrome? Clin. Nutr.18, 353–358 (1999).
  • Lonardo A. Fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Where do we stand and where are we going? Dig. Dis.17, 80–89 (1999).
  • Lonardo A, Caldwell SH, Loria P. Clinical physiology of NAFLD: a critical overview of pathogenesis and treatment. Expert Rev. Endocrinol. Metab.5, 403–423 (2010).
  • Martínez de Morentin PB, Varela L, Fernø J, Nogueiras R, Diéguez C, López M. Hypothalamic lipotoxicity and the metabolic syndrome. Biochim. Biophys. Acta1801, 350–361 (2010).
  • Day CP., James OF. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two ‘hits’? Gastroenterology114, 842–845 (1998).
  • Daly AK, Ballestri S, Carulli L, Loria P, Day CP. Genetic determinants of susceptibility and severity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.5(2), 253–263 (2011).
  • Vos MB, McClain CJ. Fructose takes a toll. Hepatology50, 1004–1006 (2009).
  • Enjoji M, Nakamuta M. Is the control of dietary cholesterol intake sufficiently effective to ameliorate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? World J. Gastroenterol.16, 800–803 (2010).
  • Maher JJ. Trunk fat as a determinant of liver disease. Gastroenterology138, 1244–1246 (2010).
  • Church TS, Kuk JL, Ross R, Priest EL, Biltoft E, Blair SN. Association of cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index, and waist circumference to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology130, 2023–2030 (2006). Erratum in: Gastroenterology132, 466 (2007).
  • Johnson NA, George J. Fitness versus fatness: moving beyond weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology52, 370–381 (2010).
  • Loria P, Carulli L, Bertolotti M, Lonardo A. Endocrine and liver interaction: the role of endocrine pathways in NASH. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.6, 236–247 (2009).
  • Spencer MD, Hamp TJ, Reid RW, Fischer LM, Zeisel SH, Fodor AA. Association between composition of the human gastrointestinal microbiome and development of fatty liver with choline deficiency. Gastroenterology140(3), 976–986 (2011).
  • Verdam FJ, Rensen SS, Driessen A, Greve JW, Buurman WA. Novel evidence for chronic exposure to endotoxin in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol.45(2), 149–152 (2011).
  • Aigner E, Strasser M, Haufe H et al. A role for low hepatic copper concentrations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol.105, 1978–1985 (2010).
  • Madan K, Bhardwaj P, Thareja S, Gupta SD, Saraya A. Oxidant stress and antioxidant status among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). J. Clin. Gastroenterol.40, 930–935 (2006).
  • Li Y, Xu C, Yu C, Xu L, Miao M. Association of serum uric acid level with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study. J. Hepatol.50, 1029–1034 (2009).
  • Yoneda M, Nozaki Y, Endo H et al. Serum ferritin is a clinical biomarker in Japanese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) independent of HFE gene mutation. Dig. Dis. Sci.55, 808–814 (2010).
  • Ratziu V, Giral P, Jacqueminet S et al. Rosiglitazone for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: one-year results of the randomized placebo-controlled Fatty Liver Improvement with Rosiglitazone Therapy (FLIRT) trial. Gastroenterology135, 100–110 (2008).
  • Nobili V, Manco M, Devito R et al. Lifestyle intervention and antioxidant therapy in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Hepatology48, 119–128 (2008).
  • Nobili V, Manco M, Ciampalini P et al. Metformin use in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an open-label, 24-month, observational pilot study. Clin. Ther.30, 1168–1176 (2008).
  • Aithal GP, Thomas JA, Kaye PV et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in nondiabetic subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology135, 1176–1184 (2008).
  • Harrison SA, Fecht W, Brunt EM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Orlistat for overweight subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized, prospective trial. Hepatology49, 80–86 (2009).
  • Nelson A, Torres DM, Morgan AE, Fincke C, Harrison SA. A pilot study using simvastatin in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J. Clin. Gastroenterol.43, 990–994 (2009).
  • Gastaldelli A, Harrison SA, Belfort-Aguilar R et al. Importance of changes in adipose tissue insulin resistance to histological response during thiazolidinedione treatment of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology50, 1087–1093 (2009).
  • Vilar Gomez E, Rodriguez De Miranda A et al. Clinical trial: a nutritional supplement Viusid, in combination with diet and exercise, in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.30, 999–1009 (2009).
  • Abdelmalek MF, Sanderson SO, Angulo P et al. Betaine for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: results of a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology50, 1818–1826 (2009).
  • Promrat K, Kleiner DE, Niemeier HM et al. Randomized controlled trial testing the effects of weight loss on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology51, 121–129 (2010).
  • Ratziu V, Charlotte F, Bernhardt C et al. Long-term efficacy of rosiglitazone in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of the Fatty Liver Improvement by Rosiglitazone Therapy (FLIRT 2) extension trial. Hepatology51, 445–453 (2010).
  • Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV et al. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N. Engl. J. Med.362, 1675–1685 (2010).
  • Harrison SA, Torgerson S, Hayashi P, Ward J, Schenker S. Vitamin E and vitamin C treatment improves fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol.98, 2485–2490 (2003).
  • Lindor KD, Kowdley KV, Heathcote EJ et al. Ursodeoxycholic acid for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: results of a randomized trial. Hepatology39, 770–778 (2004).
  • Belfort R, Harrison SA, Brown K et al. A placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N. Engl. J. Med.355, 2297–2307 (2006).
  • Dufour JF, Oneta CM, Gonvers JJ et al. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid with vitamin E in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.4, 1537–1543 (2006).
  • Zelber-Sagi S, Kessler A, Brazowsky E et al. A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.4, 639–644 (2006).
  • Georgescu EF, Ionescu R, Niculescu M, Mogoanta L, Vancica L. Angiotensin receptor blockers as therapy for mild-to-moderate hypertension-associated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. World J. Gastroenterol.15, 942–954 (2009).
  • Leuschner UF, Lindenthal B, Herrmann G et al. High-dose ursodeoxycholic acid therapy for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatology52, 472–479 (2010).
  • Caldwell SH, Hespenheide EE, Redick JA, Iezzoni JC, Battle EH, Sheppard BL. A pilot study of a thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol.96, 519–525 (2001).
  • García-Ruiz I, Rodríguez-Juan C, Díaz-Sanjuán T, Martínez MA, Muñoz-Yagüe T, Solís-Herruzo JA. Effects of rosiglitazone on the liver histology and mitochondrial function in ob/ob mice. Hepatology46, 414–423 (2007).
  • Caldwell SH, Patrie JT, Brunt EM et al. The effects of 48 weeks of rosiglitazone on hepatocyte mitochondria in human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology46, 1101–1107 (2007).
  • Nocito A, Dahm F, Jochum W et al. Serotonin mediates oxidative stress and mitochondrial toxicity in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology133, 608–618 (2007).
  • Zaldivar MM, Pauels K, von Hundelshausen P et al. CXC chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) is a platelet-derived mediator of experimental liver fibrosis. Hepatology51, 1345–1353 (2010).
  • Wouters K, van Gorp PJ, Bieghs V et al. Dietary cholesterol, rather than liver steatosis, leads to hepatic inflammation in hyperlipidemic mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology48, 474–486 (2008).
  • Wei Y, Clark SE, Thyfault JP et al. Oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to angiotensin II-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in transgenic Ren2 rats. Am. J. Pathol.174, 1329–1337 (2009).
  • Ratziu V, Caldwell S, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Therapeutic trials in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: insulin sensitizers and related methodological issues. Hepatology52, 2206–2215 (2010).
  • Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Molleston JP et al. Treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children: TONIC trial design. Contemp. Clin. Trials31, 62–70 (2010).
  • Lavine JE, Schwimmer JB, Molleston JP et al. Vitamin E, metformin or placebo for treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children. Hepatology52(Suppl. 1), A374–A375 (2010).
  • Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Brunt EM, Wehmeier KR, Oliver D, Bacon BR. Improved nonalcoholic steatohepatitis after 48 weeks of treatment with the PPAR-γ ligand rosiglitazone. Hepatology38, 1008–1017 (2003).
  • Chavez-Tapia NC, Tellez-Avila FI, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Mendez-Sanchez N, Lizardi-Cervera J, Uribe M. Bariatric surgery for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese patients. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.CD007340 (2010).
  • Furuya CK Jr, de Oliveira CP, de Mello ES et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: preliminary findings after 2 years. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.22, 510–514 (2007).
  • Brunt EM, Janney CG, Di Bisceglie AM, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, Bacon BR. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions. Am. J. Gastroenterol.94, 2467–2474 (1999).
  • Promrat K, Lutchman G, Uwaifo GI et al. A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology39, 188–196 (2004).
  • Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Van Natta M et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology41, 1313–1321 (2005).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.