Salvage therapy for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia

References

• Barcellini W, Capalbo S, Agostinelli RM et al. Relationship between autoimmune phenomena and disease stage and therapy in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Haematologica91(12), 1689–1692 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson LA, Landgren O, Engels EA. Common community acquired infections and subsequent risk of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol.147(4), 444–449 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn JM, Andritsos L, Lucas D, Byrd JC. Second malignancies in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: possible association with human papilloma virus. Br. J. Haematol.149(3), 388–390 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rossi D, Cerri M, Capello D et al. Biological and clinical risk factors of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia transformation to Richter syndrome. Br. J. Haematol.142(2), 202–215 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molica S. A systematic review on Richter syndrome: what is the published evidence? Leuk. Lymphoma51(3), 415–421 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallek M, Cheson BD, Catovsky D et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute–Working Group 1996 guidelines. Blood111(12), 5446–5456 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grever MR, Lucas DM, Dewald GW et al. Comprehensive assessment of genetic and molecular features predicting outcome in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from the US Intergroup Phase III Trial E2997. J. Clin. Oncol.25(7), 799–804 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zenz T, Häbe S, Denzel T et al. Detailed analysis of p53 pathway defects in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): dissecting the contribution of 17p deletion, TP53 mutation, p53-p21 dysfunction, and miR34a in a prospective clinical trial. Blood114(13), 2589–2597 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thurmes P, Call T, Slager S, et al. Comorbid conditions and survival in unselected, newly diagnosed patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk. Lymphoma49(1), 49–56 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallek M, Fischer K, Fingerle-Rowson G et al. Addition of rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a randomised, open-label, Phase 3 trial. Lancet376(9747), 1164–1174 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating MJ, O’Brien S, Albitar M et al. Early results of a chemoimmunotherapy regimen of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab as initial therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.23(18), 4079–4088 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsimberidou AM, Tam C, Abruzzo LV et al. Chemoimmunotherapy may overcome the adverse prognostic significance of 11q deletion in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer115(2), 373–380 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallek M, Fingerle-Rowson G, Fink A et al. First-line treatment with fludarabine (F), cyclophosphamide (C), and rituximab (R) (FCR) improves overall survival (OS) in previously untreated patients (pts) with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): results of a randomized Phase III trial on behalf of an international group of investigators and the German CLL Study Group. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA, 5–8 December 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Eichhorst BF, Busch R, Hopfinger G et al. Fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide versus fludarabine alone in first-line therapy of younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood107(3), 885–891 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flinn IW, Neuberg DS, Grever MR et al. Phase III trial of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide compared with fludarabine for patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: US Intergroup Trial E2997. J. Clin. Oncol.25(7), 793–798 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catovsky D, Richards S, Matutes E et al. Assessment of fludarabine plus cyclophosphamide for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (the LRF CLL4 Trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet370(9583), 230–239 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd JC, Gribben JG, Peterson BL et al. Select high-risk genetic features predict earlier progression following chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine and rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: justification for risk-adapted therapy. J. Clin. Oncol.24(3), 437–443 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd JC, Peterson BL, Morrison VA et al. Randomized phase 2 study of fludarabine with concurrent versus sequential treatment with rituximab in symptomatic, untreated patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9712 (CALGB 9712). Blood101(1), 6–14 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd JC, Rai K, Peterson BL et al. Addition of rituximab to fludarabine may prolong progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an updated retrospective comparative analysis of CALGB 9712 and CALGB 9011. Blood105(1), 49–53 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foon KA, Boyiadzis M, Land SR et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with low-dose fludarabine and cyclophosphamide and high dose rituximab in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.27(4), 498–503 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knauf WU, Lissichkov T, Aldaoud A et al. Phase III randomized study of bendamustine compared with chlorambucil in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.27(26), 4378–4384 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillmen P, Skotnicki AB, Robak T et al. Alemtuzumab compared with chlorambucil as first-line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.25(35), 5616–5623 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichhorst BF, Busch R, Stilgenbauer S et al. First-line therapy with fludarabine compared with chlorambucil does not result in a major benefit for elderly patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood114(16), 3382–3391 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch F, Ferrer A, Villamor N et al. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone as initial therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: high response rate and disease eradication. Clin. Cancer Res.14(1), 155–161 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch F, Abrisqueta P, Villamor N et al. Rituximab, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone: a new, highly active chemoimmunotherapy regimen for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.27(27), 4578–4584 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keating MJ, O’Brien S, Kontoyiannis D et al. Results of first salvage therapy for patients refractory to a fludarabine regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk. Lymphoma43(9), 1755–1762 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam CS, O’Brien S, Lerner S et al. The natural history of fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients who fail alemtuzumab or have bulky lymphadenopathy. Leuk. Lymphoma48(10), 1931–1939 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wierda W, O’Brien S, Wen S et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.23(18), 4070–4078 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tam CS, Wierda W, O’Brien S et al. Life after fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, & rituximab (FCR) – the clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who receive salvage treatment after frontline FCR. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA, USA, 6–9 December 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Lissitchkov T, Arnaudov G, Peytchev D, Merkle Kh. Phase-I/II study to evaluate dose limiting toxicity, maximum tolerated dose, and tolerability of bendamustine HCl in pre-treated patients with B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (Binet stages B and C) requiring therapy. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol.132(2), 99–104 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergmann MA, Goebeler ME, Emmerich B et al. Efficacy of bendamustine in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Phase I/II study of the German CLL Study Group. Haematologica90(10), 1357–1364 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer K, Stilgenbauer S, Schweighofer CD et al. Bendamustine in combination with rituximab (BR) for patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): a multicentre Phase II trial of the German CLL Study Group (GCLLSG). Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA, USA, 6–9 December 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Schoffski P, Seeland G, Engel H et al. Weekly administration of bendamustine: a Phase I study in patients with advanced progressive solid tumours. Ann. Oncol.11(6), 729–734 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kath R, Blumenstengel K, Fricke HJ, Höffken K. Bendamustine monotherapy in advanced and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol.127(1), 48–54 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremer K. High rates of long-lasting remissions after 5-day bendamustine chemotherapy cycles in pre-treated low-grade non-Hodgkin’s-lymphomas. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol.128(11), 603–609 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klippstein A, Schneider CP, Sayer HG, Höffken K. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of bendamustine monotherapy in a patient with advanced progressive breast cancer. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol.129(5), 316–319 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leporrier M, Chevret S, Cazin B et al. Randomized comparison of fludarabine, CAP, and ChOP in 938 previously untreated stage B and C chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Blood98(8), 2319–2325 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsimberidou AM, Kantarjian HM, Cortes J et al. Fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, liposomal daunorubicin, and dexamethasone plus rituximab and granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alternating with methotrexate and cytarabine plus rituximab and GM-CSF in patients with Richter syndrome or fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer97(7), 1711–1720 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsimberidou AM, Wierda WG, Plunkett W et al. Phase I-II study of oxaliplatin, fludarabine, cytarabine, and rituximab combination therapy in patients with Richter’s syndrome or fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.26(2), 196–203 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendry L, Bowen A, Matutes E, Swansbury J, Catovsky D. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and low grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Leuk. Lymphoma45(5), 945–950 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosch F, Ferrer A, López-Guillermo A et al. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone in the treatment of resistant or relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol.119(4), 976–984 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillmen P, Cohen DR, Cocks K et al. A randomized Phase II trial of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone (FCM) with or without rituximab in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol.152(5), 570–578 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elter T, Vehreschild JJ, Gribben J, Cornely OA, Engert A, Hallek M. Management of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with alemtuzumab. Ann. Hematol.88(2), 121–132 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stilgenbauer S, Zenz T, Winkler D et al. Subcutaneous alemtuzumab in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clinical results and prognostic marker analyses from the CLL2H study of the German Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol.27(24), 3994–4001 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiegl M, Falkner A, Hopfinger G et al. Routine clinical use of alemtuzumab in patients with heavily pretreated B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer107(10), 2408–2416 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teeling JL, Mackus WJ, Wiegman LJ et al. The biological activity of human CD20 monoclonal antibodies is linked to unique epitopes on CD20. J. Immunol.177(1), 362–371 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teeling JL, French RR, Cragg MS et al. Characterization of new human CD20 monoclonal antibodies with potent cytolytic activity against non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Blood104(6), 1793–1800 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coiffier B, Lepretre S, Pedersen LM et al. Safety and efficacy of ofatumumab, a fully human monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a Phase 1–2 study. Blood111(3), 1094–1100 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wierda WG, Kipps TJ, Mayer J et al. Ofatumumab as single-agent CD20 immunotherapy in fludarabine-refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.28(10), 1749–1755 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornton P, Matutes E, Bosanquet AG et al. High dose methylprednisolone can induce remissions in CLL patients with p53 abnormalities. Ann. Hemat.82(12), 759–765 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro JE, Sandoval-Sus JD, Bole J, Rassenti L, Kipps TJ. Rituximab in combination with high-dose methylprednisolone for the treatment of fludarabine refractory high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia22(11), 2048–2053 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd JC, Shinn C, Waselenko JK et al. Flavopiridol induces apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells via activation of caspase-3 without evidence of bcl-2 modulation or dependence on functional p53. Blood92(10), 3804–3816 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flinn IW, Byrd JC, Bartlett N et al. Flavopiridol administered as a 24-hour continuous infusion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia lacks clinical activity. Leuk. Res.29(11), 1253–1257 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Byrd JC, Lin TS, Dalton JT et al. Flavopiridol administered using a pharmacologically derived schedule is associated with marked clinical efficacy in refractory, genetically high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood109(2), 399–404 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin TS, Ruppert AS, Johnson AJ et al. Phase II study of flavopiridol in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia demonstrating high response rates in genetically high-risk disease. J. Clin. Oncol.27(35), 6012–6018 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanasa MC, Andritsos L, Brown JR et al. Interim Analysis of EFC6663, a multicenter Phase 2 study of alvocidib (flavopiridol), demonstrates clinical responses among patients with fludarabine refractory CLL. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Lin TS, Blum KA, Fischer DB et al. Flavopiridol, fludarabine, and rituximab in mantle cell lymphoma and indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. J. Clin. Oncol.28(3), 418–423 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn JM, Jones JA, Andritsos L et al. Update on the Phase I study of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib (SCH 727965) in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): confirmation of clinical activity and feasibility of long-term administration. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Hussain SR, Lucas DM, Johnson AJ et al. Flavopiridol causes early mitochondrial damage in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with impaired oxygen consumption and mobilization of intracellular calcium. Blood111(6), 3190–3199 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andritsos LA, Johnson AJ, Lozanski G et al. Higher doses of lenalidomide are associated with unacceptable toxicity including life-threatening tumor flare in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.26(15), 2519–2525 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapalombella R, Yu B, Triantafillou G et al. Lenalidomide down-regulates the CD20 antigen and antagonizes direct and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of rituximab on primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood112(13), 5180–5189 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapalombella R, Andritsos L, Liu Q et al. Lenalidomide treatment promotes CD154 expression on CLL cells and enhances production of antibodies by normal B cells through a PI3-kinase-dependent pathway. Blood115(13), 2619–2629 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanan-Khan A, Miller KC, Musial L et al. Clinical efficacy of lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a Phase II study. J. Clin. Oncol.24(34), 5343–5349 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrajoli A, Lee BN, Schlette EJ et al. Lenalidomide induces complete and partial remissions in patients with relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood111(11), 5291–5297 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niederfellner GJ, Lammens A, Schwaiger M et al. Crystal structure analysis reveals that the novel type II anti-CD20 antibody GA101 interacts with a similar epitope as rituximab and ocrelizumab but in a fundamentally different way. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA, 5–8 December 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Deans JP, Li H, Polyak MJ. CD20-mediated apoptosis: signalling through lipid rafts. Immunology107(2), 176–182 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beers SA, French RR, Chan HT et al. Antigenic modulation limits the efficacy of anti-CD20 antibodies: implications for antibody selection. Blood115(25), 5191–5201 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman RR, Andritsos L, Flinn IW et al. Phase 1 dose-escalation study of TRU-016, an anti-CD37 SMIPTM protein in relapsed and refractory CLL. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Herter S, Waldhauer I, Otz T et al. Superior efficacy of the novel type II, glycoengineered CD20 antibody GA101vs the type I CD20 antibodies rituximab and ofatumumab. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Morschhauser F, Cartron G, Lamy T et al. Phase I study of RO5072759 (GA101) in relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA, 5–8 December 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Goede V, Fischer K, Raymonde B et al. Chemoimmunotherapy with chlorambucil and the type II CD20-antibody GA101 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and comorbidity: results of the run-in phase of the CLL11 (BO21004) trial. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Byrd JC, Kipps TJ, Flinn IW et al. Phase 1/2 study of lumiliximab combined with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood115(3), 489–495 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaglowski SM, Alinari L, Lapalombella R, Muthusamy N, Byrd JC. The clinical application of monoclonal antibodies in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood116(19), 3705–3714 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman RR, Byrd JC, Brown JR et al. CAL-101, An isoform-selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase P110δ, demonstrates clinical activity and pharmacodynamic effects in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Honigberg LA, Smith AM, Sirisawad M et al. The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor PCI-32765 blocks B-cell activation and is efficacious in models of autoimmune disease and B-cell malignancy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA.107(29), 13075–13080 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burger JA, O’Brien S, Fowler N et al. The Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PCI-32765, is well tolerated and demonstrates promising clinical activity in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL): an update on ongoing Phase 1 studies. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson W, O’Connor O, Roberts AW et al. ABT-263 activity and safety in patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid malignancies in particular chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Presented at: ASCO Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 29 May–2 June 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Kahl B, Roberts AW, Seymour JF et al. Navitoclax (ABT-263) plus rituximab: interim results of a Phase 1 study in patients with CD20-positive lymphoid malignancies. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Kipps TJ, Wierda WG, Jones JA et al. Navitoclax (ABT-263) plus fludarabine/cyclophosphamide/rituximab (FCR) or bendamustine/rituximab (BR): a Phase 1 study in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. Orlando, FL, USA, 4–7 December 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Bolden JE, Peart MJ, Johnstone RW. Anticancer activities of histone deacetylase inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov.5(9), 769–784 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue S, MacFarlane M, Harper N, Wheat LM, Dyer MJ, Cohen GM.Histone deacetylase inhibitors potentiate TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in lymphoid malignancies. Cell Death Differ.11(S2), S193–S206 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas DM, Davis ME, Parthun MR et al. The histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leukemia18(7), 1207–1214 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blum KA, Advani A, Fernandez L et al. Phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor MGCD0103 in patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Hemat.147(4), 507–514 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas DM, Alinari L, West DA et al. The novel deacetylase inhibitor AR-42 demonstrates pre-clinical activity in B-Cell malignancies in vitro and in vivo. PLoS ONE5(6), e10941 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hassane D, Balys M, Marcucci G, Byrd JC, Jordan CT, Guzman ML. Identification of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), AR-42, as a novel anti-leukemia stem cell agent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA, 5–8 December 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Khouri IF, Keating MJ, Saliba RM, Champlin RE. Long-term follow-up of patients with CLL treated with allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Cytotherapy4(3), 217–221 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schetelig J, Thiede C, Bornhauser M et al. Evidence of a graft-versus-leukemia effect in chronic lymphocytic leukemia after reduced-intensity conditioning and allogeneic stem-cell transplantation: the Cooperative German Transplant Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol.21(14), 2747–2753 (2003).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ritgen M, Stilgenbauer S, von Neuhoff N et al. Graft-versus-leukemia activity may overcome therapeutic resistance of chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain gene status: implications of minimal residual disease measurement with quantitative PCR. Blood104(8), 2600–2602 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorror ML, Maris MB, Sandmaier BM et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning for advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J. Clin. Oncol.23(16), 3819–3829 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra P, Hogan WJ, LItzow MR et al. Long-term outcome of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: analysis after a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Leuk. Lymphoma49(9), 1724–1730 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorror ML, Storer BE, Sandmaier BM et al. Five-year follow-up of patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning. J. Clin. Oncol.26(30), 4912–4920 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell NH, Byrne JL, Faulkner RD, Gilyead M, Das-Gupta EP, Haynes AP. Donor lymphocyte infusions can result in sustained remissions in patients with residual or relapsed lymphoid malignancy following allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant.36(5), 437–441 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michallet M, Archimbaud E, Bandini G et al. HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation in younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Ann. Intern. Med.124(3), 311–315 (1996).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaglowski SM, Lin TS, Elder P et al. Barriers to reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) transplant in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Presented at: ASH Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA, USA, 5–8 December 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Dreger P, Brand R, Hansz J et al. Treatment-related mortality and graft-versus-leukemia activity after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia using intensity-reduced conditioning. Leukemia17(5), 841–848 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caballero D, Garcia-Marco JA, Martino R et al. Allogeneic transplant with reduced intensity conditioning regimens may overcome the poor prognosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with unmutated immunoglobulin variable heavy-chain gene and chromosomal abnormalities (11q- and 17p-). Clin. Cancer Res.11(21), 7757–7763 (2005)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown JR, Kim HT, Li S et al. Predictors of improved progression-free survival after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant.12(10), 1056–1064 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado J, Thomson K, Russell N et al. Results of alemtuzumab-based reduced-intensity allogeneic transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a British Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Study. Blood107(4), 1724–1730 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khouri IF, Saliba RM, Admirand J et al. Graft-versus-leukaemia effect after non-myeloablative haematopoietic transplantation can overcome the unfavourable expression of ZAP-70 in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br. J. Haematol.137(4), 355–363 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schetelig J, van Biezen A, Brand R et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia with 17p deletion: a retrospective European group for blood and marrow transplantation analysis. J. Clin. Oncol.26(31), 5094–5100 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreger P, Döhner H, Ritgen M et al. Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation provides durable disease control in poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia: long-term clinical and MRD results of the GCLLSG CLL3X trial. Blood116(14), 2438–2447 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreger P, Corradini P, Kimby E et al. Indications for allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: the EBMT transplant consensus. Leukemia21(1), 12–17 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brugiatelli M, Bandini G, Barosi G et al. Management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: practice guidelines from the Italian Society of Hematology, the Italian Society of Experimental Hematology and the Italian Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation. Haematologica91(12), 1662–1673 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döhner H, Stilgenbauer S, Benner A et al. Genomic aberrations and survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med.343, 1910–1916 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar