Management of hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease

References

• Denardo SJ, Gong Y, Nichols WW et al. Blood pressure and outcomes in very old hypertensive coronary artery disease patients: an INVEST substudy. Am. J. Med.123(8), 719–26 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosamond W, Flegal K, Furie K et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2008 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation117(4), e25–e146 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sniderman AD, Holme I, Aastveit A, Furberg C, Walldius G, Jungner I. Relation of age, the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio, and the risk of fatal myocardial infarction and implications for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Cardiol.100(2), 217–221 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Prospective Studies Collaboration age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet360, 1903–1913 (2002); erratum in: Lancet361(9362), 1060 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ismail H, Mitchell R, McFarlane S, Makaryus AN. Pleiotropic effects of inhibitors of the RAAS in the diabetic population: above and beyond blood pressure lowering. Curr. Diab. Rep.10, 32–36 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A et al. 2007 Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur. Heart J.28(12), 1462–1536 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black HR, Greenberg BH, Weber MA. The foundation role of β blockers across the cardiovascular disease spectrum: a year 2009 update. Am. J. Med.123(11), S2 (2010).
   Google Scholar
• Oparil S, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA. Pathogenesis of hypertension. Ann. Intern. Med.139(9), 761–776 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griendling KK, Ushio-Fukai M, Lassegue B, Alexander RW. Angiotensin II signaling in vascular smooth muscle: new concepts. Hypertension29, 366–373 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller DN, Mervaala EM, Dechend R et al. Angiotensin II (AT(1)) receptor blockade reduces vascular tissue factor in angiotensin II-induced cardiac vasculopathy. Am. J. Pathol.157, 111–122 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller DN, Dechend R, Mervaala EM et al. NF-κB inhibition ameliorates angiotensin II-induced inflammatory damage in rats. Hypertension35, 193–201 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dzau VJ. Theodore Cooper Lecture: tissue angiotensin and pathobiology of vascular disease: a unifying hypothesis. Hypertension37(4), 1047–1052 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronow WS, Fleg JL, Pepine CJ et al. ACCF/AHA 2011 expert consensus document on hypertension in the elderly: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus documents developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology, American Geriatrics Society, American Society for Preventive Cardiology, American Society of Hypertension, American Society of Nephrology, Association of Black Cardiologists, and European Society of Hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.57(20), 2037–2114 (2011).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA289(19), 2560–2572 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozanski A, Blumenthal JA, Kaplan J. Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. Circulation99(16), 2192–2217 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hambrecht R, Wolf A, Gielen S et al. Effects of exercise on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med.34, 454–460 (2000).
   Google Scholar
• Bangalore S, Sawhney S, Messerli FH. Relation of β-blocker-induced heart rate lowering and cardioprotection in hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.52(18), 1482–1489 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun DA, Jones D, Textor S et al. Resistant hypertension: diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Professional Education Committee of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research. Circulation117(25), e510–e526 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA et al. Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J. Clin. Hypertens.4(6), 393–404 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bramlage P, Pittrow D, Wittchen HU et al. Hypertension in overweight and obese primary care patients is highly prevalent and poorly controlled. Am. J. Hypertens.17(10), 904–910 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall JE. The kidney, hypertension, and obesity. Hypertension41, 625–633 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB et al. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA288(12), 1491–1498 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E et al. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. Blood Press.18(6), 308–347 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakris GL, Fonseca V, Katholi RE et al. Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA292, 2227–2236 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law MR, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. Br. Med. J.338, 1665–1683 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulter NR, Dobson JE, Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Wedel H, Campbell NR; ASCOT Investigators. Baseline heart rate, antihypertensive treatment, and prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in ASCOT (Anglo–Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.54(13), 1154–1161 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drug Trends in Cardiology. INVEST endorses verapamil in hypertensives with CAD highlights diabetes prevention. Cardiovasc. J. South Afr.14(4), 208–211 (2003).
   Google Scholar
• Black HR, Elliot WJ, Grandits G et al. Prinicipal results of the Controlled Onset Verapamil Investigation of Cardiovascular End Points (CONVINCE) trial. JAMA289(16), 2073–2082 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson L, Hedner T, Lund-Johansen P. Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and β-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet356(9227), 359–365 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pepine CJ, Handberg E, Cooper-DeHoff RM et al. A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. JAMA290(21), 2805–2816 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlof B, Sever PS, Poulter NR et al. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo–Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial–Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT–BPLA): a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Lancet366(9489), 895–906 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox KM; EURopean trial. On reduction of cardiac events with Perindopril in stable coronary Artery disease Investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet362(9386), 782–788 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J et al.; ONTARGET Investigators. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N. Engl. J. Med.358(15), 1547–1559 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Materson BJ, Reda DJ, Cushman WC, Henderson WG. Results of combination anti-hypertensive therapy after failure of each of the components. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Anti-hypertensive Agents. J. Hum. Hypertens.9(10), 791–796 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishizaka MK, Zaman MA, Calhoun DA. Efficacy of low-dose spironolactone in subjects with resistant hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens.16, 925–930 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouzan J, Pérault C, Lincoff AM, Carré E, Mertes M. The role of spironolactone in the treatment of patients with refractory hypertension. Am. J. Hypertens.15, 333–339 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradman AH, Kad R. Renin inhibition in hypertension. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.51(5), 519–528 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eide IK, Torjesen PA, Drolsum A, Babovic A, Lilledahl NP. Low-renin status in therapy-resistant hypertension: a clue to efficient treatment. J. Hypertens.22, 2217–2226 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradman AH. Renal nerve ablation for resistant hypertension. Curr. Hypertens. Rep.13(3), 173–175 (2011).
   Google Scholar
• DiBona GF. Sympathetic nervous system and the kidney in hypertension. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens.11(2), 197–200 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krum H, Schlaich M, Whitbourn R et al. Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study. Lancet373(9671), 1275–1281 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muxfeldt ES, Cardoso CR, Salles GF. Prognostic value of nocturnal blood pressure reduction in resistant hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med.169(9), 874–880 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makaryus AN, McFarlane SI. Treatment of hypertension in the diabetic patient. Therapy6, 497–505 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet353(9153), 611–616 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure tovascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet360(9349), 1903–1913 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zanchetti A, Grassi G, Mancia G. When should antihypertensive drug treatment be initiated and to what levels should systolic blood pressure be lowered? A critical reappraisal. J. Hypertens.27(5), 923–934 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gong Y, Handberg E, Gerhard T et al. Systolic blood pressure and subjective well-being in patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Cardiol.32(11), 627–632 (2009).
   Google Scholar
• Cooper-DeHoff R, Gong Y, Handberg E et al. Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensive patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. JAMA304(1), 61–68 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar