249
Views
36
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Computer-aided manufacturing technologies for guided implant placement

, , , , , & show all
Pages 113-129 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

References

  • Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Willings M et al. The effectiveness of immediate, early, and conventional loading of dental implants: a Cochrane systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants6, 893–904 (2007).
  • Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Achille H et al. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: different times for loading dental implants. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev.1, CD003878 (2009).
  • Greenstein G, Cavallaro J, Romanos G et al. Clinical recommendations for avoiding and managing surgical complications associated with implant. dentistry: a review. J. Periodontol.8, 1317–1329 (2008).
  • Papaspyridakos P, Lal K. Flapless implant placement: a technique to eliminate the need for a removable interim prosthesis. J. Prosthet. Dent.3, 232–235 (2008).
  • Ganz SD. Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing applications using CT and cone beam CT scanning technology. Dent. Clin. North Am.4, 777–808, vii (2008).
  • Cannizzaro G, Leone M, Consolo U et al. Immediate functional loading of implants placed with flapless surgery versus conventional implants in partially edentulous patients: a 3-year randomizedcontrolled clinical trial. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants5, 867–875 (2008).
  • Moy PK, Medina D, Shetty V et al. Dental implant failure rates and associated risk factors. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants4, 569–577 (2005).
  • Oh TJ, Shotwell J, Billy E et al. Flapless implant surgery in the esthetic region: advantages and precautions. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.1, 27–33 (2007).
  • Belser UC, Schmid B, Higginbottom F et al. Outcome analysis of implant restorations located in the anterior maxilla: a review of the recent literature. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants30–42 (2004).
  • Ritter L, Neugebauer J, Dreiseidler T et al. 3D x-ray meets CAD/CAM dentistry: a novel procedure for virtual dental implant planning. Int. J. Comput. Dent.1, 29–40 (2009).
  • van Steenberghe D, Naert I, Andersson M et al. A custom template and definitive prosthesis allowing immediate implant loading in the maxilla: a clinical report. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants5, 663–670 (2002).
  • Verstreken K, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Marchal G et al. Computer-assisted planning of oral implant surgery. An approach using virtual reality. Stud. Health Technol. Inform.26, 423–434 (1996).
  • Mischkowski RA, Zinser MJ, Neugebauer J et al. Comparison of static and dynamic computer-assisted guidance methods in implantology. Int. J. Comput. Dent.1, 23–35 (2006).
  • Stein W, Hassfeld S, Brief J et al. CT-based 3D-planning for dental implantology. Stud. Health Technol. Inform.50, 137–143 (1998).
  • Mupparapu M, Singer SR. Implant imaging for the dentist. J. Can. Dent. Assoc.1, 32 (2004).
  • van Steenberghe D, Glauser R, Blomback U et al. A computed tomographic scan-derived customized surgical template and fixed prosthesis for flapless surgery and immediate loading of implants in fully edentulous maxillae: a prospective multicenter study. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.S111–S120 (2005).
  • Ewers R, Schicho K, Undt G et al. Basic research and 12 years of clinical experience in computer-assisted navigation technology: a review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.1, 1–8 (2005).
  • Ozan O, Turkyilmaz I, Yilmaz B. A preliminary report of patients treated with early loaded implants using computerized tomography-guided surgical stents: flapless versus conventional flapped surgery. J. Oral Rehabil.11, 835–840 (2007).
  • Bonaudo D, Raimondo C, Rubino G. Single-tooth restorative treatment using an immediate-loading CAD/CAM technique. Int. J. Comput. Dent.4, 321–331 (2006).
  • Ludlow JB, Ivanovic, M. Comparative dosimetry of dental CBCT devices and 64-slice CT for oral and maxillofacial radiology. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.1, 106–114 (2008).
  • BouSerhal C, Jacobs R, Quirynen M et al. Imaging technique selection for the preoperative planning of oral implants: a review of the literature. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.3, 156–172 (2002).
  • Jabero M, Sarment DP. Advanced surgical guidance technology: a review. Implant. Dent.2, 135–142 (2006).
  • Tyndall DA, Brooks SL. Selection criteria for dental implant site imaging: a position paper of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial radiology. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.5, 630–637 (2000).
  • Lecomber AR, Yoneyama Y, Lovelock DJ et al. Comparison of patient dose from imaging protocols for dental implant planning using conventional radiography and computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.5, 255–259 (2001).
  • Ngan DC, Kharbanda OP, Geenty JP et al. Comparison of radiation levels from computed tomography and conventional dental radiographs. Aust. Orthod. J.2, 67–75 (2003).
  • Scaf G, Lurie AG, Mosier, KM et al. Dosimetry and cost of imaging osseointegrated implants with film-based and computed tomography. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.1, 41–48 (1997).
  • Holst S, Blatz MB, Eitner S. Precision for computer-guided implant placement: using 3D planning software and fixed intraoral reference points. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.3, 393–399 (2007).
  • Lim TJ, Csillag A, Irinakis T et al. Intentional angulation of an implant to avoid a pneumatized maxillary sinus: a case report. J. Can. Dent. Assoc.3, 164–168 (2004).
  • Allum SR. Immediately loaded full-arch provisional implant restorations using CAD/CAM and guided placement: maxillary and mandibular case reports. Br. Dent. J.7, 377–381 (2008).
  • Marchack CB. CAD/CAM-guided implant surgery and fabrication of an immediately loaded prosthesis for a partially edentulous patient. J. Prosthet. Dent.6, 389–394 (2007).
  • Kupeyan HK, Shaffner M, Armstrong J. Definitive CAD/CAM-guided prosthesis for immediate loading of bone-grafted maxilla: a case report. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.3, 161–167 (2006).
  • Balshi SF, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. Surgical planning and prosthesis construction using computer technology and medical imaging for immediate loading of implants in the pterygomaxillary region. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.3, 239–247 (2006).
  • Vrielinck L, Politis C, Schepers S et al. Image-based planning and clinical validation of zygoma and pterygoid implant placement in patients with severe bone atrophy using customized drill guides. Preliminary results from a prospective clinical follow-up study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.1, 7–14 (2003).
  • Malo P, de Araujo Nobre M, Lopes A. The use of computer-guided flapless implant surgery and four implants placed in immediate function to support a fixed denture: preliminary results after a mean follow-up period of thirteen months. J. Prosthet. Dent.6(Suppl.), S26–S34 (2007).
  • Malo P, Rangert B, Nobre M. All-on-4 immediate-function concept with Branemark System implants for completely edentulous maxillae: a 1-year retrospective clinical study. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.S88–S94 (2005).
  • Chow J, Hui E, Lee PK et al. Zygomatic implants – protocol for immediate occlusal loading: a preliminary report.J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.5, 804–811 (2006).
  • Schlieper J, Brinkmann B, Metz HJ. CT-Computer-Schablonengestutzte Planung der Implantat – und Magnetposition bei der epithetischen Versorgung von Gesichtsdefekten. [CT-computer-template-assisted planning of implant and magnet position in epi-prosthetic management of facial defects]. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir1, 22–27 (2001).
  • Schwarz MS, Rothman SL, Rhodes ML et al. Computed tomography: part I. Preoperative assessment of the mandible for endosseous implant surgery. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants3, 137–141 (1987).
  • Wishan MS, Bahat O, Krane M. Computed tomography as an adjunct in dental implant surgery. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.1, 30–47 (1988).
  • Kraut RA. Utilization of 3D/dental software for precise implant site selection: clinical reports. Implant. Dent.2, 134–139 (1992).
  • Tan KB. The use of multiplanar reformatted computerised tomography in the surgical-prosthodontic planning of implant placement. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore1, 68–75 (1995).
  • Williams MY, Mealey BL, Hallmon WW. The role of computerized tomography in dental implantology. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants3, 373–380 (1992).
  • Jeffcoat M, Jeffcoat RL, Reddy MS et al. Planning interactive implant treatment with 3-D computed tomography. J. Am. Dent. Assoc.11, 40–44 (1991).
  • Turkyilmaz I, Ozan O, Yilmaz B et al. Determination of bone quality of 372 implant recipient sites using Hounsfield unit from computerized tomography: a clinical study. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.4, 238–244 (2008).
  • Turkyilmaz I. Influence of bone density on implant stability parameters and implant success: a retrospective clinical study. BMC Oral Health1, 32 (2008).
  • de Oliveira RC, Leles CR, Normanha, LM et al. Assessments of trabecular bone density at implant sites on CT images. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.2, 231–238 (2008).
  • Ikumi N, Tsutsumi S. Assessment of correlation between computerized tomography values of the bone and cutting torque values at implant placement: a clinical study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants2, 253–260 (2005).
  • Aranyarachkul P, Caruso J, Gantes B et al. Bone density assessments of dental implant sites: 2. Quantitative cone-beam computerized tomography. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants3, 416–424 (2005).
  • Hagiwara Y, Koizumi M, Igarashi T. Application of CT imaging for dental implant simulation. J. Oral Sci.4, 157–161 (1999).
  • Araki K, Maki K, Seki K et al. Characteristics of a newly developed dentomaxillofacial x-ray cone beam CT scanner (CB MercuRay): system configuration and physical properties. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.1, 51–59 (2004).
  • Mischkowski RA, Scherer P, Ritter L et al. Diagnostic quality of multiplanar reformations obtained with a newly developed cone beam device for maxillofacial imaging. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.1, 1–9 (2008).
  • Hassfeld S, Streib S, Sahl H et al. Low-dose-Computertomographie des Kieferknochens in der praimplantologischen Diagnostik. grenzen der dosisreduzierung und genauigkeit von langenmessungen. [Low-dose computerized tomography of the jaw bone in pre-implantation diagnosis. Limits of dose reduction and accuracy of distance measurements]. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir4, 188–193 (1998).
  • Hirsch E, Wolf U, Heinicke F et al. Dosimetry of the cone beam computed tomography Veraviewepocs 3D compared with the 3D Accuitomo in different fields of view. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.5, 268–273 (2008).
  • Schulze D, Heiland M, Thurmann H et al. Radiation exposure during midfacial imaging using 4- and 16-slice computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography systems and conventional radiography. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.2, 83–86 (2004).
  • Mah JK, Danforth RA, Bumann A et al. Radiation absorbed in maxillofacial imaging with a new dental computed tomography device. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.4, 508–513 (2003).
  • Mozzo P, Procacci C, Tacconi A et al. A new volumetric CT machine for dental imaging based on the cone-beam technique: preliminary results. Eur. Radiol.9, 1558–1564 (1998).
  • Baba R, Ueda K, Okabe M. Using a flat-panel detector in high resolution cone beam CT for dental imaging. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.5, 285–290 (2004).
  • Hashimoto K, Arai Y, Iwai K et al. A comparison of a new limited cone beam computed tomography machine for dental use with a multidetector row helical CT machine. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.3, 371–377 (2003).
  • Bryant JA, Drage NA, Richmond S. Study of the scan uniformity from an i-CAT cone beam computed tomography dental imaging system. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.7, 365–374 (2008).
  • Arai Y, Tammisalo E, Iwai K et al. Development of a compact computed tomographic apparatus for dental use. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.4, 245–248 (1999).
  • Dreiseidler T, Mischkowski RA, Neugebauer J et al. Comparison of cone-beam imaging with orthopantomography and computerized tomography for assessment in presurgical implant dentistry. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants2, 216–225 (2009).
  • Draenert FG, Coppenrath E, Herzog P et al. Beam hardening artefacts occur in dental implant scans with the NewTom cone beam CT but not with the dental 4-row multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.4, 198–203 (2007).
  • Ritter L, Mischkowski RA, Neugebauer J et al. The influence of body mass index, age, implants, and dental restorations on image quality of cone beam computed tomography. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.3, e108–e116 (2009).
  • Ganz SD. Conventional CT and cone beam CT for improved dental diagnostics and implant planning. Dent. Implantol. Update12, 89–95 (2005).
  • De Vos W, Casselman J, Swennen GR. Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.6, 609–625 (2009).
  • Kau CH, Bozic M, English J et al. Cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region-an update. Int. J. Med. Robot. DOI: 10.1002/rcs.279 (2009) (Epub ahead of print).
  • Neugebauer J, Ritter L, Mischkowski R et al. Three-dimensional diagnostics, planning and implementation in implantology. Int. J. Comput. Dent.4, 307–319 (2006).
  • Mischkowski RA, Zinser MJ, Ritter L et al. Intraoperative navigation in the maxillofacial area based on 3D imaging obtained by a cone-beam device. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.8, 687–694 (2007).
  • Mischkowski RA, Ritter L, Neugebauer J et al. Diagnostic quality of panoramic views obtained by a newly developed digital volume tomography device for maxillofacial imaging. Quintessence Int.9, 763–772 (2007).
  • Veyre-Goulet S, Fortin T, Thierry A. Accuracy of linear measurement provided by cone beam computed tomography to assess bone quantity in the posterior maxilla: a human cadaver study. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.4, 226–230 (2008).
  • Benn DK, Bidgood WD Jr, Pettigrew JC Jr. An imaging standard for dentistry. Extension of the radiology DICOM standard. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol.3, 262–265 (1993).
  • Bidgood WD Jr, Horii SC. Introduction to the ACR-NEMA DICOM standard. Radiographics2, 345–355 (1992).
  • Verstreken K, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Martens K et al. An image-guided planning system for endosseous oral implants. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging5, 842–852 (1998).
  • Mandelaris GA, Rosenfeld AL. The expanding influence of computed tomography and the application of computer-guided implantology. Pract. Proced. Aesthet. Dent.5, 297–305; quiz 306 (2008).
  • Stockham CD. Using CT and SIM/Plant to plan implant therapy. Alpha Omegan4, 35–38 (1996).
  • Rubio Serrano M, Albalat Estela S, Penarrocha Diago M. Software applied to oral implantology: update. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Cir. Bucal10, E661–E665 (2008).
  • Fortin T, Champleboux G, Lormee J et al. Precise dental implant placement in bone using surgical guides in conjunction with medical imaging techniques. J. Oral Implantol.4, 300–303 (2000).
  • Rosenfeld AL, Mecall RA. The use of interactive computed tomography to predict the esthetic and functional demands of implant-supported prostheses. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent.12, 1125–1128, 1130–1122 passim; quiz 1146 (1996).
  • Rosenfeld AL, Mecall RA. Use of prosthesis-generated computed tomographic information for diagnostic and surgical treatment planning. J. Esthet. Dent.3, 132–148 (1998).
  • Pesun IJ, Gardner FM. Fabrication of a guide for radiographic evaluation and surgical placement of implants. J. Prosthet. Dent.6, 548–552 (1995).
  • Duckmanton NA, Austin BW, Lechner SK et al. Imaging for predictable maxillary implants. Int. J. Prosthodont.1, 77–80 (1994).
  • Parel SM, Triplett RG. Interactive imaging for implant planning, placement, and prosthesis construction. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.9(Suppl. 2), 41–47 (2004).
  • Meitner SW, Tallents RH. Surgical templates for prosthetically guided implant placement. J. Prosthet. Dent.6, 569–574 (2004).
  • Kraut RA. Interactive CT diagnostics, planning and preparation for dental implants. Implant. Dent.1, 19–25 (1998).
  • Israelson H, Plemons JM, Watkins P et al. Barium-coated surgical stents and computer-assisted tomography in the preoperative assessment of dental implant patients. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.1, 52–61 (1992).
  • Schneider D, Marquardt P, Zwahlen M et al. A systematic review on the accuracy and the clinical outcome of computer-guided template-based implant. Dentistry. Clin. Oral Implants Res.73–86 (2009).
  • Fortin T, Coudert JL, Champleboux G et al. Computer-assisted dental implant surgery using computed tomography. J. Image Guid. Surg.1, 53–58 (1995).
  • Early report on the design of transfer of 3D-data to planning software
  • Cucchiara R, Franchini F, Lamma A et al. Enhancing implant surgery planning via computerized image processing. Int. J. Comput. Dent.1, 9–24 (2001).
  • Vercruyssen M, Jacobs R, Van Assche N et al. The use of CT scan based planning for oral rehabilitation by means of implants and its transfer to the surgical field: a critical review on accuracy. J. Oral Rehabil.6, 454–474 (2008).
  • Vazquez L, Saulacic N, Belser U et al. Efficacy of panoramic radiographs in the preoperative planning of posterior mandibular implants: a prospective clinical study of 1527 consecutively treated patients. Clin. Oral Implants Res.1, 81–85 (2008).
  • Azari A, Nikzad S. Computer-assisted implantology: historical background and potential outcomes-a review. Int. J. Med. Robot.2, 95–104 (2008).
  • Nickenig HJ, Eitner S. Reliability of implant placement after virtual planning of implant positions using cone beam CT data and surgical (guide) templates. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg.4–5, 207–211 (2007).
  • Tardieu PB, Vrielinck L, Escolano E et al. Computer-assisted implant placement: scan template, simplant, surgiguide, and SAFE system. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.2, 141–149 (2007).
  • Garg AK. Implant surgical templates in Implant. Dentistry: NobelGuide. Dent. Implantol. Update4, 25–28 (2007).
  • Katsoulis J, Pazera P, Mericske-Stern R. Prosthetically driven, computer-guided implant planning for the edentulous maxilla: a model study. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.11(3), 238–245 (2008).
  • Ganz SD. Restoratively driven implant dentistry utilizing advanced software and CBCT: realistic abutments and virtual teeth. Dent. Today7, 122, 124, 126–127 (2008).
  • Rosenfeld AL, Mandelaris GA, Tardieu PB. Prosthetically directed implant placement using computer software to ensure precise placement and predictable prosthetic outcomes. Part 1: diagnostics, imaging, and collaborative accountability. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.3, 215–221 (2006).
  • Rosenfeld AL, Mandelaris GA, Tardieu PB. Prosthetically directed implant placement using computer software to ensure precise placement and predictable prosthetic outcomes. Part 2: rapid-prototype medical modeling and stereolithographic drilling guides requiring bone exposure. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.4, 347–353 (2006).
  • Rosenfeld AL, Mandelaris GA, Tardieu PB. Prosthetically directed implant placement using computer software to ensure precise placement and predictable prosthetic outcomes. Part 3: stereolithographic drilling guides that do not require bone exposure and the immediate delivery of teeth. Int. J. Periodontics Restorative Dent.5, 493–499 (2006).
  • Verstreken K, Van Cleynenbreugel J, Marchal G et al. Computer-assisted planning of oral implant surgery: a 3D approach. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants6, 806–810 (1996).
  • Besimo C, Lambrecht JT, Nidecker A. Dental implant treatment planning with reformatted computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.4, 264–267 (1995).
  • Wood MR, Vermilyea SG. A review of selected dental literature on evidence-based treatment planning for dental implants: report of the Committee on Research in Fixed Prosthodontics of the Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics. J. Prosthet. Dent.5, 447–462 (2004).
  • Besimo CE, Lambrecht JT, Guindy JS. Accuracy of implant treatment planning utilizing template-guided reformatted computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.1, 46–51 (2000).
  • Widmann G, Bale RJ. Accuracy in computer-aided implant surgery – a review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants2, 305–313 (2006).
  • Ganz SD. Presurgical planning with CT-derived fabrication of surgical guides. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.9(Suppl. 2), 59–71 (2005).
  • Sammartino G, Della Valle A, Marenzi G et al. Stereolithography in oral implantology: a comparison of surgical guides. Implant. Dent.2, 133–139 (2004).
  • Simon H. Use of transitional implants to support a surgical guide: enhancing the accuracy of implant placement. J. Prosthet. Dent.2, 229–232 (2002).
  • Balshi SF, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. Guided implant placement and immediate prosthesis delivery using traditional branemark system abutments: a pilot study of 23 patients. Implant. Dent.2, 128–135 (2008).
  • Sanna AM, Molly L, van Steenberghe D. Immediately loaded CAD-CAM manufactured fixed complete dentures using flapless implant placement procedures: a cohort study of consecutive patients. J. Prosthet. Dent.6, 331–339 (2007).
  • Ozan O, Turkyilmaz I, Ersoy AE et al. Clinical accuracy of 3 different types of computed tomography-derived stereolithographic surgical guides in implant placement. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.2, 394–401 (2009).
  • Blanchet E, Lucchini JP, Jenny R et al. An image-guided system based on custom templates: case reports. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.1, 40–47 (2004).
  • Varvara G, Esposito P, Franchini F et al. A positioning device for computed tomography: a clinical report. J. Prosthet. Dent.2, 123–126 (2003).
  • Widmann G, Widmann R, Widmann E et al. Use of a surgical navigation system for CT-guided template production. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants1, 72–78 (2007).
  • Almog DM, Romano PR. CT-based dental imaging for implant planning and surgical guidance. NY State Dent. J.1, 51–53 (2007).
  • Sclar AG. Guidelines for flapless surgery. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.7(Suppl. 1), 20–32 (2007).
  • Marchack CB. An immediately loaded CAD/CAM-guided definitive prosthesis: a clinical report. J. Prosthet. Dent.1, 8–12 (2005).
  • Balshi SF, Wolfinger GJ, Balshi TJ. Surgical planning and prosthesis construction using computed tomography, CAD/CAM technology, and the internet for immediate loading of dental implants. J. Esthet. Restor. Dent.6, 312–323; discussion 324–315 (2006).
  • Johansson B, Friberg B, Nilson, H. Digitally planned, immediately loaded dental implants with prefabricated prostheses in the reconstruction of edentulous maxillae: a 1-year prospective, multicenter study. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.11(3), 194–200 (2008).
  • Ng FC, Ho KH, Wexler A. Computer-assisted navigational surgery enhances safety in dental implantology. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore5, 383–388 (2005).
  • Casap N, Wexler A, Eliashar, R. Computerized navigation for surgery of the lower jaw: comparison of 2 navigation systems. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.7, 1467–1475 (2008).
  • Miller RJ, Bier J. Surgical navigation in oral implantology. Implant. Dent.1, 41–47 (2006).
  • Ruppin J, Popovic A, Strauss M et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of three different computer-aided surgery systems in dental implantology: optical tracking vs. stereolithographic splint systems. Clin. Oral Implants Res.7, 709–716 (2008).
  • Weihe S, Kruse C, Franz E-P et al. A new planning and navigation system for dental implantology – evaluation of ergonomic aspects and accuracy. Int. J. CARS1, 421–423 (2006).
  • Birkfellner W, Huber K, Larson A et al. A modular software system for computer-aided surgery and its first application in oral implantology. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging6, 616–620 (2000).
  • Casap N, Tarazi E, Wexler A et al. Intraoperative computerized navigation for flapless implant surgery and immediate loading in the edentulous mandible. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants1, 92–98 (2005).
  • Casap N, Wexler A, Lustmann J. Image-guided navigation system for placing dental implants. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent.10, 783–784, 786, 788 passim; quiz 794–785 (2004).
  • Casap N, Wexler A, Tarazi E. Application of a surgical navigation system for implant surgery in a deficient alveolar ridge postexcision of an odontogenic myxoma. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.7, 982–988 (2005).
  • Heiland M, Pohlenz P, Blessmann M et al. Navigated implantation after microsurgical bone transfer using intraoperatively acquired cone-beam computed tomography data sets. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.1, 70–75 (2008).
  • Siessegger M, Schneider BT, Mischkowski RA et al. Use of an image-guided navigation system in dental implant surgery in anatomically complex operation sites. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg.5, 276–281 (2001).
  • Watzinger F, Birkfellner W, Wanschitz F et al. Positioning of dental implants using computer-aided navigation and an optical tracking system: case report and presentation of a new method. J. Craniomaxillofac. Surg.2, 77–81 (1999).
  • Schermeier O, Lueth T, Glagau J et al. Automatic patient registration in computer assisted maxillofacial surgery. Stud. Health Technol. Inform.85, 461–467 (2002).
  • Casap N, Wexler A, Persky N et al. Navigation surgery for dental implants: assessment of accuracy of the image guided implantology system. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.9(Suppl. 2), 116–119 (2004).
  • Ewers R, Schicho K, Truppe M et al. Computer-aided navigation in dental implantology: 7 years of clinical experience. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.3, 329–334 (2004).
  • Freysinger W, Truppe MJ, Gunkel, AR et al. A full 3D-navigation system in a suitcase. Comput. Aided Surg.2, 85–93 (2001).
  • Birkfellner W, Solar P, Gahleitner A et al.In vitro assessment of a registration protocol for image guided implant. dentistry. Clin. Oral Implants Res.1, 69–78 (2001).
  • Watzinger F, Birkfellner W, Wanschitz F et al. Placement of endosteal implants in the zygoma after maxillectomy: a Cadaver study using surgical navigation. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.3, 659–667 (2001).
  • Horwitz J, Zuabi O, Machtei EE. Accuracy of a computerized tomography-guided template-assisted implant placement system: an in vitro study. Clin. Oral Implants Res.20(10), 1156–1162 (2009).
  • Kalt G, Gehrke P. Transfer precision of 3D implant planning with CT assisted offline navigation. Int. J. Comput. Dent.3–4, 213–225 (2008).
  • Sarment DP, Sukovic P, Clinthorne N. Accuracy of implant placement with a stereolithographic surgical guide. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants4, 571–577 (2003).
  • Van Assche N, van Steenberghe D, Guerrero ME et al. Accuracy of implant placement based on pre-surgical planning of 3D cone-beam images: a pilot study. J. Clin. Periodontol.9, 816–821 (2007).
  • Dreiseidler T, Neugebauer J, Ritter L et al. Accuracy of a newly developed integrated system for dental implant planning. Clin. Oral Impl. Res.20(11), 1191–1199 (2009).
  • Fortin T, Champleboux G, Bianchi S et al. Precision of transfer of preoperative planning for oral implants based on cone-beam CT-scan images through a robotic drilling machine. Clin. Oral Implants Res.6, 651–656 (2002).
  • Chiu WK, Luk WK, Cheung LK. Three-dimensional accuracy of implant placement in a computer-assisted navigation system. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants3, 465–470 (2006).
  • Di Giacomo GA, Cury PR, de Araujo NS et al. Clinical application of stereolithographic surgical guides for implant placement: preliminary results. J. Periodontol.4, 503–507 (2005).
  • Hoffmann J, Westendorff C, Schneider M et al. Accuracy assessment of image-guided implant surgery: an experimental study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants3, 382–386 (2005).
  • Gaggl A, Schultes G. Assessment of accuracy of navigated implant placement in the maxilla. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants2, 263–270 (2002).
  • Hoffmann J, Westendorff C, Gomez-Roman G et al. Accuracy of navigation-guided socket drilling before implant installation compared to the conventional free-hand method in a synthetic edentulous lower jaw model. Clin. Oral Implants Res.5, 609–614 (2005).
  • Meyer U, Wiesmann HP, Runte C et al. Evaluation of accuracy of insertion of dental implants and prosthetic treatment by computer-aided navigation in minipigs. Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.2, 102–108 (2003).
  • Wanschitz F, Birkfellner W, Watzinger F et al. Evaluation of accuracy of computer-aided intraoperative positioning of endosseous oral implants in the edentulous mandible. Clin. Oral Implants Res.1, 59–64 (2002).
  • Wanschitz F, Birkfellner W, Figl M et al. Computer-enhanced stereoscopic vision in a head-mounted display for oral implant surgery. Clin. Oral Implants Res.6, 610–616 (2002).
  • Brief J, Edinger D, Hassfeld S et al. Accuracy of image-guided implantology. Clin. Oral Implants Res.4, 495–501 (2005).
  • Kramer FJ, Baethge C, Swennen G et al. Navigated vs. conventional implant insertion for maxillary single tooth replacement. Clin. Oral Implants Res.1, 60–68 (2005).
  • Wagner A, Wanschitz F, Birkfellner W et al. Computer-aided placement of endosseous oral implants in patients after ablative tumour surgery: assessment of accuracy. Clin. Oral Implants Res.3, 340–348 (2003).
  • Wittwer G, Adeyemo WL, Schicho K et al. Navigated flapless transmucosal implant placement in the mandible: a pilot study in 20 patients. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants5, 801–807 (2007).
  • Wittwer G, Adeyemo WL, Schicho K et al. Prospective randomized clinical comparison of 2 dental implant navigation systems. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants5, 785–790 (2007).
  • Xiaojun C, Ming Y, Yanping L et al. Image guided oral implantology and its application in the placement of zygoma implants. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.2, 162–173 (2009).
  • Madrigal C, Ortega R, Meniz C et al. Study of available bone for interforaminal implant treatment using cone-beam computed tomography. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Cir. Bucal5, E307–E312 (2008).
  • Fortin T, Bosson JL, Coudert JL et al. Reliability of preoperative planning of an image-guided system for oral implant placement based on 3-dimensional images: an in vivo study. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants6, 886–893 (2003).
  • Fortin T, Isidori M, Bouchet H. Placement of posterior maxillary implants in partially edentulous patients with severe bone deficiency using CAD/CAM guidance to avoid sinus grafting: a clinical report of procedure. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants1, 96–102 (2009).
  • Penarrocha M, Boronat A, Carrillo C et al. Computer-guided implant placement in a patient with severe atrophy. J. Oral Implantol.4, 203–207 (2008).
  • Rocci A, Martignoni M, Gottlow J. Immediate loading in the maxilla using flapless surgery, implants placed in predetermined positions, and prefabricated provisional restorations: a retrospective 3-year clinical study. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.29–36 (2003).
  • Fortin T, Bosson JL, Isidori M et al. Effect of flapless surgery on pain experienced in implant placement using an image-guided system. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants2, 298–304 (2006).
  • Mischkowski RA, Pulsfort R, Ritter L et al. Geometric accuracy of a newly developed cone-beam device for maxillofacial imaging. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.4, 551–559 (2007).
  • Marmulla R, Wortche R, Muhling J et al. Geometric accuracy of the NewTom 9000 Cone Beam CT. Dentomaxillofac. Radiol.1, 28–31 (2005).
  • Yong LT, Moy PK. Complications of computer-aided-design/computer-aided-machining-guided (NobelGuide) surgical implant placement: an evaluation of early clinical results. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.3, 123–127 (2008).
  • Oyama K, Kan JY, Kleinman, AS et al. Misfit of implant fixed complete denture following computer-guided surgery. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants1, 124–130 (2009).
  • Van de Velde T, Glor F, De Bruyn H. A model study on flapless implant placement by clinicians with a different experience level in implant surgery. Clin. Oral Implants Res.1, 66–72 (2008).
  • Choi M, Romberg E, Driscoll CF. Effects of varied dimensions of surgical guides on implant angulations. J. Prosthet. Dent.5, 463–469 (2004).
  • Komiyama A, Klinge B, Hultin, M. Treatment outcome of immediately loaded implants installed in edentulous jaws following computer-assisted virtual treatment planning and flapless surgery. Clin. Oral Implants Res.7, 677–685 (2008).
  • Campelo LD, Camara JR. Flapless implant surgery: a 10-year clinical retrospective analysis. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants2, 271–276 (2002).
  • Aparicio C. A new method for achieving passive fit of an interim restoration supported by Branemark implants: a technical note. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants5, 614–618 (1995).
  • Longoni S, Sartori M, Ariello F et al. Passive definitive fit of bar-supported implant overdentures. Implant. Dent.2, 129–134 (2006).
  • Nelson K, Hildebrand D, Mehrhof J. Fabrication of a fixed retrievable implant-supported prosthesis based on electroforming: a technical report. J. Prosthodont.7, 591–595 (2008).
  • Fuster-Torres MA, Albalat-Estela S, Alcaniz-Raya M et al. CAD / CAM dental systems in Implant. Dent.istry: update. Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Cir. Bucal3, E141–E145 (2009).
  • Pieper R. Digital impressions – easier than ever. Int. J. Comput. Dent.1, 47–52 (2009).
  • Birnbaum NS, Aaronson HB. Dental impressions using 3D digital scanners: virtual becomes reality. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent.8, 494, 496, 498–505 (2008).
  • Mehl A, Ender A, Mormann W et al. Accuracy testing of a new intraoral 3D camera. Int. J. Comput. Dent.1, 11–28 (2009).
  • Reich S, Wichmann M, Nkenke E et al. Clinical fit of all-ceramic three-unit fixed partial dentures, generated with three different CAD/CAM systems. Eur. J. Oral Sci.2, 174–179 (2005).
  • Kohorst P, Brinkmann H, Li J et al. Marginal accuracy of four-unit zirconia fixed dental prostheses fabricated using different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing systems. Eur. J. Oral Sci.3, 319–325 (2009).
  • Reich S, Botsis O, Deligiannis P et al. Fit of surgical guides – manufactured by InLab 3D. Int. J. Comput. Dent.4, 329–337 (2007).
  • Fortin T, Isidori M, Blanchet E et al. An image-guided system-drilled surgical template and trephine guide pin to make treatment of completely edentulous patients easier: a clinical report on immediate loading. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.2, 111–119 (2004).
  • Schnitman PA. Computer-guided implant. dentistry. J. Mass Dent. Soc.3, 22–24 (2007).
  • Sukovic P. Cone beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging. Orthod. Craniofac. Res.31–36; discussion 179–182 (2003).
  • Rugani P, Kirnbauer B, Arnetzl GV et al. Cone beam computerized tomography: basics for digital planning in oral surgery and implantology. Int. J. Comput. Dent.2, 131–145 (2009).
  • Lofthag-Hansen S, Grondahl K, Ekestubbe A. Cone-beam CT for preoperative implant planning in the posterior mandible: visibility of anatomic landmarks. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res.11(3), 246–255 (2008).
  • Peck JN, Conte GJ. Radiologic techniques using CBCT and 3-D treatment planning for implant placement. J. Calif. Dent. Assoc.4, 287–290, 292–284, 296–287 (2008).
  • Chau AC, Fung, K. Comparison of radiation dose for implant imaging using conventional spiral tomography, computed tomography, and cone-beam computed tomography. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.107(4), 559–565 (2009).
  • Ganz SD. Defining new paradigms for assessment of implant receptor sites. The use of CT/CBCT and interactive virtual treatment planning for congenitally missing lateral incisors. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent.5, 256–258, 260–252, 264–257; quiz 268, 278 (2008).
  • Garg AK. Dental implant imaging: TeraRecon’s Dental 3D Cone Beam Computed Tomography System. Dent. Implantol. Update6, 41–45 (2007).
  • Garcia Silva MA, Wolf U, Heinicke F et al. Effective dosages for recording Veraviewepocs dental panoramic images: analog film, digital, and panoramic scout for CBCT. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod.4, 571–577 (2008).
  • Shepherd NJ. A general dentist’s guide to proper dental implant placement from an oral surgeon’s perspective. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent.2, 118–120, 122 passim; quiz 130 (1996).
  • Neiva RF, Gapski R, Wang HL. Morphometric analysis of implant-related anatomy in Caucasian skulls. J. Periodontol.8, 1061–1067 (2004).
  • Pharoah MJ. Imaging techniques and their clinical significance. Int. J. Prosthodont.2, 176–179 (1993).
  • Benington IC, Biagioni PA, Briggs J et al. Thermal changes observed at implant sites during internal and external irrigation. Clin. Oral Implants Res.3, 293–297 (2002).
  • Galanis CC, Sfantsikopoulos MM, Koidis PT et al. Computer methods for automating preoperative dental implant planning: implant positioning and size assignment. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed.1, 30–38 (2007).
  • Kusumoto N, Sohmura T, Yamada S et al. Application of virtual reality force feedback haptic device for oral implant surgery. Clin. Oral Implants Res.6, 708–713 (2006).

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.