References
- Geisbert TW, Jahrling PB. Exotic emerging viral diseases: progress and challenges. Nat. Med.10(12 Suppl.), S110–S121 (2004).
- Buchmeier MJ, de la Torre JC, Peters CJ. Arenaviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Fields Virology. Knipe DL, Howley PM (Eds.) Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1791–1828 (2007).
- McCormick JB, Fisher-Hoch SP. Lassa fever. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.262, 75–109 (2002).
- Barton LL, Mets MB, Beauchamp CL. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: emerging fetal teratogen. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.187(6), 1715–1716 (2002).
- Jamieson DJ, Kourtis AP, Bell M, Rasmussen SA. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an emerging obstetric pathogen? Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.194(6), 1532–1536 (2006).
- Fischer SA, Graham MB, Kuehnert MJ et al. Transmission of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus by organ transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med.354(21), 2235–2249 (2006).
- Palacios G, Druce J, Du L et al. A new arenavirus in a cluster of fatal transplant-associated diseases. N. Engl. J. Med.358(10), 991–998 (2008).
- Borio L, Inglesby T, Peters CJ et al. Hemorrhagic fever viruses as biological weapons: medical and public health management. JAMA287(18), 2391–2405 (2002).
- Emonet SF, de la Torre JC, Domingo E, Sevilla N. Arenavirus genetic diversity and its biological implications. Infect. Genet. Evol.9(4), 417–429 (2009).
- Charrel RN, de Lamballerie X, Emonet S. Phylogeny of the genus Arenavirus. Curr. Opin. Microbiol.11(4), 362–368 (2008).
- (CDC) CfDCaP. Fatal illnesses associated with a new world arenavirus – California, 1999–2000. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep.49(31), 709–711 (2000).
- Enserink M. Emerging diseases. New arenavirus blamed for recent deaths in California. Science289(5481), 842–843 (2000).
- Charrel RN, Lemasson JJ, Garbutt M et al. New insights into the evolutionary relationships between arenaviruses provided by comparative analysis of small and large segment sequences. Virology317(2), 191–196 (2003).
- Delgado S, Erickson BR, Agudo R et al. Chapare virus, a newly discovered arenavirus isolated from a fatal hemorrhagic fever case in Bolivia. PLoS Pathog.4(4), e1000047 (2008).
- Briese T, Paweska JT, McMullan LK et al. Genetic detection and characterization of Lujo virus, a new hemorrhagic fever-associated arenavirus from southern Africa. PLoS Pathog.5(5), e1000455 (2009).
- Weissenbacher MC, Laguens RP, Coto CE. Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.134, 79–116 (1987).
- de la Torre JC. Molecular and cell biology of the prototypic arenavirus LCMV: implications for understanding and combating hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.1171(Suppl. 1), E57–E64 (2009).
- Lenz O, ter Meulen J, Klenk HD, Seidah NG, Garten W. The Lassa virus glycoprotein precursor GP-C is proteolytically processed by subtilase SKI-1/S1P. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA98(22), 12701–12705 (2001).
- Beyer WR, Popplau D, Garten W, von Laer D, Lenz O. Endoproteolytic processing of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein by the subtilase SKI-1/S1P. J. Virol.77(5), 2866–2872 (2003).
- Rojek JM, Lee AM, Nguyen N, Spiropoulou CF, Kunz S. Site 1 protease is required for proteolytic processing of the glycoproteins of the South American hemorrhagic fever viruses Junin, Machupo, and Guanarito. J. Virol.82(12), 6045–6051 (2008).
- Cao W, Henry MD, Borrow P et al. Identification of α-dystroglycan as a receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Lassa fever virus [see comments]. Science282(5396), 2079–2081 (1998).
- Kunz S. Receptor binding and cell entry of Old World arenaviruses reveal novel aspects of virus–host interaction. Virology387(2), 245–249 (2009).
- Radoshitzky SR, Abraham J, Spiropoulou CF et al. Transferrin receptor 1 is a cellular receptor for New World haemorrhagic fever arenaviruses. Nature446(7131), 92–96 (2007).
- Borrow P, Oldstone MB. Mechanism of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus entry into cells. Virology198(1), 1–9 (1994).
- Martinez MG, Cordo SM, Candurra NA. Characterization of Junin arenavirus cell entry. J. Gen. Virol.88(Pt 6), 1776–1784 (2007).
- Quirin K, Eschli B, Scheu I, Poort L, Kartenbeck J, Helenius A. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus uses a novel endocytic pathway for infectious entry via late endosomes. Virology378(1), 21–33 (2008).
- Rojek JM, Perez M, Kunz S. Cellular entry of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J. Virol.82(3), 1505–1517 (2008).
- Rojek JM, Sanchez AB, Nguyen NT, de la Torre JC, Kunz S. Different mechanisms of cell entry by human-pathogenic Old World and New World arenaviruses. J. Virol.82(15), 7677–7687 (2008).
- Perez M, Craven RC, de la Torre JC. The small RING finger protein Z drives arenavirus budding: implications for antiviral strategies. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA100(22), 12978–12983 (2003).
- Strecker T, Eichler R, Meulen J et al. Lassa virus Z protein is a matrix protein and sufficient for the release of virus-like particles [corrected]. J. Virol.77(19), 10700–10705 (2003).
- Frame JD, Baldwin JM Jr, Gocke DJ, Troup JM. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. I. Clinical description and pathological findings. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.19(4), 670–676 (1970).
- Buckley SM, Casals J. Lassa fever, a new virus disease of man from West Africa. 3. Isolation and characterization of the virus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.19(4), 680–691 (1970).
- Monath TP, Newhouse VF, Kemp GE, Setzer HW, Cacciapuoti A. Lassa virus isolation from Mastomys natalensis rodents during an epidemic in Sierra Leone. Science185(147), 263–265 (1974).
- Safronetz D, Lopez JE, Sogoba N et al. Detection of Lassa virus, Mali. Emerg. Infect. Dis.16(7), 1123–1126 (2010).
- Richmond JK, Baglole DJ. Lassa fever: epidemiology, clinical features, and social consequences. Br. Med. J.327(7426), 1271–1275 (2003).
- McCormick JB, Webb PA, Krebs JW, Johnson KM, Smith ES. A prospective study of the epidemiology and ecology of Lassa fever. J. Infect. Dis.155(3), 437–444 (1987).
- Fisher-Hoch SP, Tomori O, Nasidi A et al. Review of cases of nosocomial Lassa fever in Nigeria: the high price of poor medical practice. Br. Med. J.311(7009), 857–859 (1995).
- McCormick JB, King IJ, Webb PA et al. A case–control study of the clinical diagnosis and course of Lassa fever. J. Infect. Dis.155(3), 445–455 (1987).
- Price ME, Fisher-Hoch SP, Craven RB, McCormick JB. A prospective study of maternal and fetal outcome in acute Lassa fever infection during pregnancy. Br. Med. J.297(6648), 584–587 (1988).
- Cummins D, McCormick JB, Bennett D et al. Acute sensorineural deafness in Lassa fever. JAMA264(16), 2093–2096 (1990).
- Johnson KM, McCormick JB, Webb PA, Smith ES, Elliott LH, King IJ. Clinical virology of Lassa fever in hospitalized patients. J. Infect. Dis.155(3), 456–464 (1987).
- Walker DH, McCormick JB, Johnson KM et al. Pathologic and virologic study of fatal Lassa fever in man. Am. J. Pathol.107(3), 349–356 (1982).
- McCormick JB, Walker DH, King IJ et al. Lassa virus hepatitis: a study of fatal Lassa fever in humans. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.35(2), 401–407 (1986).
- Habjan M, Andersson I, Klingstrom J et al. Processing of genome 5’ termini as a strategy of negative-strand RNA viruses to avoid RIG-I-dependent interferon induction. PLoS One3(4), e2032 (2008).
- Zhou S, Cerny AM, Zacharia A, Fitzgerald KA, Kurt-Jones EA, Finberg RW. Induction and inhibition of the type I interferon responses by distinct components of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J. Virol.84(18), 9452–9462 (2010).
- Martinez-Sobrido L, Zuniga EI, Rosario D, Garcia-Sastre A, de la Torre JC. Inhibition of the type I interferon response by the nucleoprotein of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J. Virol.80(18), 9192–9199 (2006).
- Martinez-Sobrido L, Emonet S, Giannakas P, Cubitt B, Garcia-Sastre A, de la Torre JC. Identification of amino acid residues critical for the anti-interferon activity of the nucleoprotein of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J. Virol.83(21), 11330–11340 (2009).
- Martinez-Sobrido L, Giannakas P, Cubitt B, Garcia-Sastre A, de la Torre JC. Differential inhibition of type I interferon induction by arenavirus nucleoproteins. J. Virol.81(22), 12696–12703 (2007).
- Fan L, Briese T, Lipkin WI. Z proteins of New World arenaviruses bind RIG-I and interfere with type I interferon induction. J. Virol.84(4), 1785–1791 (2010).
- Baize S, Marianneau P, Loth P et al. Early and strong immune responses are associated with control of viral replication and recovery in lassa virus-infected cynomolgus monkeys. J. Virol.83(11), 5890–5903 (2009).
- Fisher SP, Hutwagner L, Brown B, McCormick JB. Effective vaccine for lassa fever. J. Virol.74(15), 6777–6783 (2000).
- ter Meulen J, Badusche M, Kuhnt K et al. Characterization of human CD4(+) T-cell clones recognizing conserved and variable epitopes of the Lassa virus nucleoprotein. J. Virol.74(5), 2186–2192 (2000).
- Baize S, Kaplon J, Faure C, Pannetier D, Georges-Courbot MC, Deubel V. Lassa virus infection of human dendritic cells and macrophages is productive but fails to activate cells. J. Immunol.172(5), 2861–2869 (2004).
- Mahanty S, Hutchinson K, Agarwal S, McRae M, Rollin PE, Pulendran B. Cutting edge: impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by Ebola and Lassa viruses. J. Immunol.170(6), 2797–2801 (2003).
- Mahanty S, Bausch DG, Thomas RL et al. Low levels of interleukin-8 and interferon-inducible protein-10 in serum are associated with fatal infections in acute Lassa fever. J. Infect. Dis.183(12), 1713–1721 (2001).
- Reignier T, Oldenburg J, Noble B et al. Receptor use by pathogenic arenaviruses. Virology353(1), 111–120 (2006).
- Rojek JM, Spiropoulou CF, Campbell KP, Kunz S. Old World and Clade C New World arenaviruses mimic the molecular mechanism of receptor recognition used by α-dystroglycan’s host-derived ligands. J. Virol.81(11), 5685–5695 (2007).
- McNally JM, Zarozinski CC, Lin MY, Brehm MA, Chen HD, Welsh RM. Attrition of bystander CD8 T cells during virus-induced T-cell and interferon responses. J. Virol.75(13), 5965–5976 (2001).
- Fisher-Hoch S, McCormick JB, Sasso D, Craven RB. Hematologic dysfunction in Lassa fever. J. Med. Virol.26(2), 127–135 (1988).
- Cummins D, Fisher-Hoch SP, Walshe KJ et al. A plasma inhibitor of platelet aggregation in patients with Lassa fever. Br. J. Haematol.72(4), 543–548 (1989).
- Fisher-Hoch SP, Mitchell SW, Sasso DR, Lange JV, Ramsey R, McCormick JB. Physiological and immunologic disturbances associated with shock in a primate model of Lassa fever. J. Infect. Dis.155(3), 465–474 (1987).
- Aleksandrowicz P, Wolf K, Falzarano D, Feldmann H, Seebach J, Schnittler H. Viral haemorrhagic fever and vascular alterations. Hamostaseologie28(1–2), 77–84 (2008).
- Schnittler HJ, Feldmann H. Viral hemorrhagic fever – a vascular disease? Thromb. Haemost.89(6), 967–972 (2003).
- Lukashevich IS, Maryankova R, Vladyko AS et al. Lassa and Mopeia virus replication in human monocytes/macrophages and in endothelial cells: different effects on IL-8 and TNF-α gene expression. J. Med. Virol.59(4), 552–560 (1999).
- Arribalzaga RA. New epidemic disease due to unidentified germ: nephrotoxic, leukopenic and enanthematous hyperthermia. Dia. Med.27(40), 1204–1210 (1955).
- Parodi AS, Greenway DJ, Rugiero HR et al. Concerning the epidemic outbreak in Junin. Dia. Med.30(62), 2300–2301 (1958).
- Peters CJ. Human infection with arenaviruses in the Americas. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.262, 65–74 (2002).
- Harrison LH, Halsey NA, McKee KT Jr et al. Clinical case definitions for argentine hemorrhagic fever. Clin. Infect. Dis.28(5), 1091–1094 (1999).
- Kenyon RH, McKee KT Jr, Zack PM et al. Aerosol infection of rhesus macaques with Junin virus. Intervirology33(1), 23–31 (1992).
- de Bracco MM, Rimoldi MT, Cossio PM et al. Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Alterations of the complement system and anti-Junin-virus humoral response. N. Engl. J. Med.299(5), 216–221 (1978).
- Ambrosio AM, Enria DA, Maiztegui JI. Junin virus isolation from lympho-mononuclear cells of patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Intervirology25(2), 97–102 (1986).
- Gonzalez PH, Cossio PM, Arana R, Maiztegui JI, Laguens RP. Lymphatic tissue in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Pathologic features. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.104(5), 250–254 (1980).
- Levis SC, Saavedra MC, Ceccoli C et al. Correlation between endogenous interferon and the clinical evolution of patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever. J. Interferon Res.5(3), 383–389 (1985).
- Heller MV, Saavedra MC, Falcoff R, Maiztegui JI, Molinas FC. Increased tumor necrosis factor-α levels in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. J. Infect. Dis.166(5), 1203–1204 (1992).
- Marta RF, Montero VS, Hack CE, Sturk A, Maiztegui JI, Molinas FC. Proinflammatory cytokines and elastase-α-1-antitrypsin in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.60(1), 85–89 (1999).
- Gomez RM, Pozner RG, Lazzari MA et al. Endothelial cell function alteration after Junin virus infection. Thromb. Haemost.90(2), 326–333 (2003).
- Molinas FC, de Bracco MM, Maiztegui JI. Hemostasis and the complement system in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Rev. Infect. Dis.11(Suppl. 4), S762–S770 (1989).
- Heller MV, Marta RF, Sturk A et al. Early markers of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis activation in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Thromb. Haemost.73(3), 368–373 (1995).
- Pozner RG, Ure AE, Jaquenod de Giusti C et al. Junin virus infection of human hematopoietic progenitors impairs in vitro proplatelet formation and platelet release via a bystander effect involving type I IFN signaling. PLoS Pathog.6(4), e1000847 (2010).
- Johnson KM, Kuns ML, Mackenzie RB, Webb PA, Yunker CE. Isolation of Machupo virus from wild rodent Calomys callosus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.15(1), 103–106 (1966).
- Kilgore PE, Peters CJ, Mills JN et al. Prospects for the control of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever. Emerg. Infect. Dis.1(3), 97–100 (1995).
- Salas R, de Manzione N, Tesh RB et al. Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever. Lancet338(8774), 1033–1036 (1991).
- Tesh RB, Jahrling PB, Salas R, Shope RE. Description of Guanarito virus (Arenaviridae: Arenavirus), the etiologic agent of Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.50(4), 452–459 (1994).
- Stinebaugh BJ, Schloeder FX, Johnson KM, Mackenzie RB, Entwisle G, De Alba E. Bolivian hemorrhagic fever. A report of four cases. Am. J. Med.40(2), 217–230 (1966).
- Johnson KM, Halstead SB, Cohen SN. Hemorrhagic fevers of Southeast Asia and South America: a comparative appraisal. Prog. Med. Virol.9, 105–158 (1967).
- de Manzione N, Salas RA, Paredes H et al. Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever: clinical and epidemiological studies of 165 cases. Clin. Infect. Dis.26(2), 308–313 (1998).
- Enria DA, Barrera Oro JG. Junin virus vaccines. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.263, 239–261 (2002).
- Enria DA, Briggiler AM, Sanchez Z. Treatment of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res.78(1), 132–139 (2008).
- Callis RT, Jahrling PB, DePaoli A. Pathology of Lassa virus infection in the rhesus monkey. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.31(5), 1038–1045 (1982).
- Geisbert TW, Jones S, Fritz EA et al. Development of a new vaccine for the prevention of Lassa fever. PLoS Med.2(6), e183 (2005).
- Jahrling PB, Hesse RA, Eddy GA, Johnson KM, Callis RT, Stephen EL. Lassa virus infection of rhesus monkeys: pathogenesis and treatment with ribavirin. J. Infect. Dis.141(5), 580–589 (1980).
- Jahrling PB, Peters CJ. Passive antibody therapy of Lassa fever in cynomolgus monkeys: importance of neutralizing antibody and Lassa virus strain. Infect. Immun.44(2), 528–533 (1984).
- Jahrling PB, Peters CJ, Stephen EL. Enhanced treatment of Lassa fever by immune plasma combined with ribavirin in cynomolgus monkeys. J. Infect. Dis.149(3), 420–427 (1984).
- Walker DH, Johnson KM, Lange JV, Gardner JJ, Kiley MP, McCormick JB. Experimental infection of rhesus monkeys with Lassa virus and a closely related arenavirus, Mozambique virus. J. Infect. Dis.146(3), 360–368 (1982).
- Carrion R Jr, Brasky K, Mansfield K et al. Lassa virus infection in experimentally infected marmosets: liver pathology and immunophenotypic alterations in target tissues. J. Virol.81(12), 6482–6490 (2007).
- Lukashevich IS, Djavani M, Rodas JD et al. Hemorrhagic fever occurs after intravenous, but not after intragastric, inoculation of rhesus macaques with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. J. Med. Virol.67(2), 171–186 (2002).
- Lukashevich IS, Tikhonov I, Rodas JD et al. Arenavirus-mediated liver pathology: acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of rhesus macaques is characterized by high-level interleukin-6 expression and hepatocyte proliferation. J. Virol.77(3), 1727–1737 (2003).
- Djavani MM, Crasta OR, Zapata JC et al. Early blood profiles of virus infection in a monkey model for Lassa fever. J. Virol.81(15), 7960–7973 (2007).
- Djavani M, Crasta OR, Zhang Y et al. Gene expression in primate liver during viral hemorrhagic fever. Virol. J.6, 20 (2009).
- Flatz L, Rieger T, Merkler D et al. T cell-dependence of Lassa fever pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog.6(3), e1000836 (2010).
- Liang Y, Lan S, Ly H. Molecular determinants of Pichinde virus infection of guinea pigs – a small animal model system for arenaviral hemorrhagic fevers. Ann. NY Acad. Sci.1171(Suppl. 1), E65–E74 (2009).
- Xiao SY, Zhang H, Yang Y, Tesh RB. Pirital virus (Arenaviridae) infection in the syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus: a new animal model for arenaviral hemorrhagic fever. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.64(3–4), 111–118 (2001).
- Sbrana E, Mateo RI, Xiao SY, Popov VL, Newman PC, Tesh RB. Clinical laboratory, virologic, and pathologic changes in hamsters experimentally infected with Pirital virus (Arenaviridae): a rodent model of Lassa fever. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.74(6), 1096–1102 (2006).
- Weissenbacher MC, de Guerrero LB, Boxaca MC. Experimental biology and pathogenesis of Junin virus infection in animals and man. Bull. World Health Organ.52(4–6), 507–515 (1975).
- Barrios HA, Rondinone SN, Blejer JL, Giovanniello OA, Nota NR. Development of specific immune response in mice infected with Junin virus. Acta. Virol.26(3), 156–164 (1982).
- Weissenbacher MC, Calello MA, Quintans CJ, Panisse H, Woyskowsky NM, Zannoli VH. Junin virus infection in genetically athymic mice. Intervirology19(1), 1–5 (1983).
- Campetella OE, Galassi NV, Sanjuan N, Barrios HA. Susceptible adult murine model for Junin virus. J. Med. Virol.26(4), 443–451 (1988).
- Scolaro LA, Mersich SE, Damonte EB. Experimental infection of suckling mice with a host range mutant of Junin virus. J. Med. Virol.34(4), 237–240 (1991).
- Kenyon RH, Green DE, Maiztegui JI, Peters CJ. Viral strain dependent differences in experimental Argentine hemorrhagic fever (Junin virus) infection of guinea pigs. Intervirology29(3), 133–143 (1988).
- Kenyon RH, Green DE, Eddy GA, Peters CJ. Treatment of junin virus-infected guinea pigs with immune serum: development of late neurological disease. J. Med. Virol.20(3), 207–218 (1986).
- Remesar MC, Blejer JL, Lerman GD, Dejean C, Nejamkis MR. Protection against encephalitis in rats caused by a pathogenic strain of the Junin virus, using peripheral inoculation of an attenuated strain. Rev. Argent. Microbiol.21(3–4), 120–126 (1989).
- Weissenbacher MC, Calello MA, Colillas OJ, Rondinone SN, Frigerio MJ. Argentine hemorrhagic fever: a primate model. Intervirology11(6), 363–365 (1979).
- McKee KT Jr, Mahlandt BG, Maiztegui JI, Eddy GA, Peters CJ. Experimental Argentine hemorrhagic fever in rhesus macaques: viral strain-dependent clinical response. J. Infect. Dis.152(1), 218–221 (1985).
- McKee KT Jr, Green DE, Mahlandt BG et al. Infection of Cebus monkeys with Junin virus. Medicina (B Aires)45(2), 144–152 (1985).
- Avila MM, Samoilovich SR, Laguens RP, Merani MS, Weissenbacher MC. Protection of Junin virus-infected marmosets by passive administration of immune serum: association with late neurologic signs. J. Med. Virol.21(1), 67–74 (1987).
- Carballal G, Oubina JR, Molinas FC et al. Intracerebral infection of Cebus apella with the XJ-Clone 3 strain of Junin virus. J. Med. Virol.21(3), 257–268 (1987).
- Yun NE, Linde NS, Dziuba N et al. Pathogenesis of XJ and Romero strains of Junin virus in two strains of guinea pigs. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.79(2), 275–282 (2008).
- Sanchez AB, de la Torre JC. Rescue of the prototypic arenavirus LCMV entirely from plasmid. Virology350(2), 370–380 (2006).
- Flatz L, Bergthaler A, de la Torre JC, Pinschewer DD. Recovery of an arenavirus entirely from RNA polymerase I/II-driven cDNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA103(12), 4663–4668 (2006).
- Albarino CG, Bergeron E, Erickson BR, Khristova ML, Rollin PE, Nichol ST. Efficient reverse genetics generation of infectious Junin viruses differing in glycoprotein processing. J. Virol.83(11), 5606–5614 (2009).