Association of IL-13 in respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary disease: still a promising target

References

• Heilman CA. From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the World Health Organization. Respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses. J. Infect. Dis.161(3), 402–406 (1990).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Openshaw PJ, Dean GS, Culley FJ. Links between respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and childhood asthma: clinical and research approaches. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.22(2 Suppl.), S58–S64; discussion S64–S55 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson WW, Shay DK, Weintraub E et al. Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States. JAMA289(2), 179–186 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welliver RC. Respiratory syncytial virus and other respiratory viruses. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.22(2 Suppl.), S6–S10; discussion S10–S12 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welliver RC. Review of epidemiology and clinical risk factors for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. J. Pediatr.143(5 Suppl.), S112–S117 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beckham JD, Cadena A, Lin J et al. Respiratory viral infections in patients with chronic, obstructive pulmonary disease. J. Infect.50(4), 322–330 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falsey AR, Hennessey PA, Formica MA, Cox C, Walsh EE. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in elderly and high-risk adults. N. Engl. J. Med.352(17), 1749–1759 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glezen WP, Greenberg SB, Atmar RL, Piedra PA, Couch RB. Impact of respiratory virus infections on persons with chronic underlying conditions. JAMA283(4), 499–505 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohde G, Wiethege A, Borg I et al. Respiratory viruses in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease requiring hospitalisation: a case–control study. Thorax58(1), 37–42 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sethi S, Murphy TF. RSV infection – not for kids only. N. Engl. J. Med.352(17), 1810–1812 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mejias A, Chavez-Bueno S, Gomez AM et al. Respiratory syncytial virus persistence: evidence in the mouse model. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.27(10 Suppl.), S60–S62 (2008).
   Google Scholar
• Estripeaut D, Torres JP, Somers CS et al. Respiratory syncytial virus persistence in the lungs correlates with airway hyperreactivity in the mouse model. J. Infect. Dis.198(10), 1435–1443 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigurs N, Gustafsson PM, Bjarnason R et al. Severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy and asthma and allergy at age 13. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.171(2), 137–141 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meissner HC, Bocchini JA Jr, Brady MT, Hall CB, Kimberlin DW, Pickering LK. The role of immunoprophylaxis in the reduction of disease attributable to respiratory syncytial virus. Pediatrics124(6), 1676–1679 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wegner S, Vann JJ, Liu G et al. Direct cost analyses of palivizumab treatment in a cohort of at-risk children: evidence from the North Carolina Medicaid Program. Pediatrics114(6), 1612–1619 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhassan NO, Sorbero ME, Hall CB, Stevens TP, Dick AW. Cost–effectiveness analysis of palivizumab in premature infants without chronic lung disease. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Dis.160(10), 1070–1076 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The IMpact-RSV Study Group. Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants. Pediatrics102(3 Pt 1), 531–537 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feltes TF, Cabalka AK, Meissner HC et al. Palivizumab prophylaxis reduces hospitalization due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease. J. Pediatr.143(4), 532–540 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegrist CA. Vaccination in the neonatal period and early infancy. Int. Rev. Immunol.19(2–3), 195–219 (2000).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chin J, Magoffin RL, Shearer LA, Schieble JH, Lennette EH. Field evaluation of a respiratory syncytial virus vaccine and a trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine in a pediatric population. Am. J. Epidemiol.89(4), 449–463 (1969).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fulginiti VA, Eller JJ, Sieber OF, Joyner JW, Minamitani M, Meiklejohn G. Respiratory virus immunization. I. A field trial of two inactivated respiratory virus vaccines; an aqueous trivalent parainfluenza virus vaccine and an alum-precipitated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. Am. J. Epidemiol.89(4), 435–448 (1969).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somers CC, Ahmad N, Mejias A et al. Effect of dexamethasone on respiratory syncytial virus-induced lung inflammation in children: results of a randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol.20(5), 477–485 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham BS, Bunton LA, Wright PF, Karzon DT. Role of T lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of primary infection and rechallenge with respiratory syncytial virus in mice. J. Clin. Invest.88(3), 1026–1033 (1991).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dallman MJ, Smith E, Benson RA, Lamb JR. Notch: control of lymphocyte differentiation in the periphery. Curr. Opin Immunol.17(3), 259–266 (2005).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schaller MA, Neupane R, Rudd BD et al. Notch ligand Delta-like 4 regulates disease pathogenesis during respiratory viral infections by modulating Th2 cytokines. J. Exp. Med.204(12), 2925–2934 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashimoto K, Durbin JE, Zhou W et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in the absence of STAT 1 results in airway dysfunction, airway mucus, and augmented IL-17 levels. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.116(3), 550–557 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukherjee S, Schaller MA, Neupane R, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW. Regulation of T cell activation by Notch ligand, DLL4, promotes IL-17 production and Rorc activation. J. Immunol.182(12), 7381–7388 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welliver RC. RSV and chronic asthma. Lancet346(8978), 789–790 (1995).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grunig G, Warnock M, Wakil AE et al. Requirement for IL-13 independently of IL-4 in experimental asthma. Science282(5397), 2261–2263 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corne JM, Holgate ST. Mechanisms of virus induced exacerbations of asthma. Thorax52(4), 380–389 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson KG, Kent J, Ireland DC. Respiratory viruses and exacerbations of asthma in adults. BMJ307(6910), 982–986 (1993).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sly PD, Hibbert ME. Childhood asthma following hospitalization with acute viral bronchiolitis in infancy. Pediatr. Pulmonol.7(3), 153–158 (1989).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oehling A, Antepara I, Baena Cagnani CE. The viral factor in the etiology of acute asthma attacks in children. Allergol. Immunopathol. (Madr.)9(1), 29–36 (1981).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peebles RS Jr, Sheller JR, Collins RD et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection does not increase allergen-induced type 2 cytokine production, yet increases airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. J. Med. Virol.63(2), 178–188 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarze J, Hamelmann E, Bradley KL, Takeda K, Gelfand EW. Respiratory syncytial virus infection results in airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway sensitization to allergen. J. Clin. Invest.100(1), 226–233 (1997).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lukacs NW, Tekkanat KK, Berlin A et al. Respiratory syncytial virus predisposes mice to augmented allergic airway responses via IL-13-mediated mechanisms. J. Immunol.167(2), 1060–1065 (2001).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarze J, Cieslewicz G, Hamelmann E et al. IL-5 and eosinophils are essential for the development of airway hyperresponsiveness following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection. J. Immunol.162(5), 2997–3004 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrew DP, Chang MS, McNinch J et al. STCP-1 (MDC) CC chemokine acts specifically on chronically activated Th2 lymphocytes and is produced by monocytes on stimulation with Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. J. Immunol.161(9), 5027–5038 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goebeler M, Schnarr B, Toksoy A et al. Interleukin-13 selectively induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 synthesis and secretion by human endothelial cells. Involvement of IL-4R α and Stat6 phosphorylation. Immunology91(3), 450–457 (1997).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamaguchi Y, Suda T, Suda J et al. Purified interleukin 5 supports the terminal differentiation and proliferation of murine eosinophilic precursors. J. Exp. Med.167(1), 43–56 (1988).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li L, Xia Y, Nguyen A et al. Effects of Th2 cytokines on chemokine expression in the lung: IL-13 potently induces eotaxin expression by airway epithelial cells. J. Immunol.162(5), 2477–2487 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou W, Hashimoto K, Moore ML et al. IL-13 is associated with reduced illness and replication in primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in the mouse. Microbes Infect.8(14–15), 2880–2889 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You D, Becnel D, Wang K, Ripple M, Daly M, Cormier SA. Exposure of neonates to respiratory syncytial virus is critical in determining subsequent airway response in adults. Respir. Res.7, 107 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dakhama A, Park JW, Taube C et al. The enhancement or prevention of airway hyperresponsiveness during reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus is critically dependent on the age at first infection and IL-13 production. J. Immunol.175(3), 1876–1883 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wills-Karp M, Luyimbazi J, Xu X et al. Interleukin-13: central mediator of allergic asthma. Science282(5397), 2258–2261 (1998).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu Z, Homer RJ, Wang Z et al. Pulmonary expression of interleukin-13 causes inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, subepithelial fibrosis, physiologic abnormalities, and eotaxin production. J. Clin. Invest.103(6), 779–788 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson TR, Parker RA, Johnson JE, Graham BS. IL-13 is sufficient for respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein-induced eosinophilia after respiratory syncytial virus challenge. J. Immunol.170(4), 2037–2045 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castilow EM, Meyerholz DK, Varga SM. IL-13 is required for eosinophil entry into the lung during respiratory syncytial virus vaccine-enhanced disease. J. Immunol.180(4), 2376–2384 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker Y. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) evades the human adaptive immune system by skewing the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward increased levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE, markers of allergy – a review. Virus Genes33(2), 235–252 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sigurs N, Bjarnason R, Sigurbergsson F, Kjellman B. Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.161(5), 1501–1507 (2000).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein RT, Sherrill D, Morgan WJ et al. Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years. Lancet354(9178), 541–545 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ermers MJ, Hoebee B, Hodemaekers HM, Kimman TG, Kimpen JL, Bont L. IL-13 genetic polymorphism identifies children with late wheezing after respiratory syncytial virus infection. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.119(5), 1086–1091 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Sande MA, Kidd IM, Goetghebuer T et al. Severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in early life is associated with increased type 2 cytokine production in Gambian children. Clin. Exp. Allergy32(10), 1430–1435 (2002).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chung HL, Park HJ, Kim SY, Kim SG. Age-related difference in immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol.18(2), 94–99 (2007).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castro M, Schweiger T, Yin-Declue H et al. Cytokine response after severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in early life. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.122(4), 726–733 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar