Invasive fungal disease: better survival through early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention

References

• Cornely OA, Maertens J, Bresnik M et al. Liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy for invasive mold infection: a randomized trial comparing a high-loading dose regimen with standard dosing (AmBiLoad trial). Clin. Infect. Dis.44, 1289–1297 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF et al. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N. Engl. J. Med.347, 408–415 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kullberg BJ, Sobel JD, Ruhnke M et al. Voriconazole versus a regimen of amphotericin B followed by fluconazole for candidaemia in non-neutropenic patients: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet366, 1435–1442 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuse ER, Chetchotisakd P, da Cunha CA et al. Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for candidaemia and invasive candidosis: a Phase III randomised double-blind trial. Lancet369, 1519–1527 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mora-Duarte J, Betts R, Rotstein C et al. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis. N. Engl. J. Med.347, 2020–2029 (2002).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Queiroz-Telles F, Berezin E, Leverger G et al. Micafungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for pediatric patients with invasive candidiasis: substudy of a randomized double-blind trial. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.27, 820–826 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reboli AC, Rotstein C, Pappas PG et al. Anidulafungin versus fluconazole for invasive candidiasis. N. Engl. J. Med.356, 2472–2482 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaoutis TE, Jafri HS, Huang LM et al. A prospective, multicenter study of caspofungin for the treatment of documented Candida or Aspergillus infections in pediatric patients. Pediatrics123, 877–884 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhme A, Ruhnke M, Buchheidt D et al. Treatment of invasive fungal infections in cancer patients – recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO). Ann. Hematol.88, 97–110 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornely OA, Böhme A, Buchheidt D et al. Primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. Recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society for Haematology and Oncology. Haematologica94, 113–122 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Girmenia C, Barosi G, Aversa F et al. Prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal diseases in allogeneic stem cell transplantation: results of a consensus process by Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo (GITMO). Clin. Infect. Dis.49, 1226–1236 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maertens J, Marchetti O, Herbrecht R et al. European guidelines for antifungal management in leukemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: summary of the ECIL 3 – 2009 update. Bone Marrow Transplant. DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.175 (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
   Google Scholar
• Thursky KA, Playford EG, Seymour JF et al. Recommendations for the treatment of established fungal infections. Intern. Med. J.38, 496–520 (2008).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis.46, 327–360 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis.48, 503–535 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis.50, 291–322 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordonnier C, Pautas C, Maury S et al. Empirical versus preemptive antifungal therapy for high-risk, febrile, neutropenic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Clin. Infect. Dis.48, 1042–1051 (2009).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maertens J, Theunissen K, Verhoef G et al. Galactomannan and computed tomography-based preemptive antifungal therapy in neutropenic patients at high risk for invasive fungal infection: a prospective feasibility study. Clin. Infect. Dis.41, 1242–1250 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maschmeyer G, Beinert T, Buchheidt D et al. Diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy of lung infiltrates in febrile neutropenic patients: guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Haematology and Oncology. Eur. J. Cancer45, 2462–2472 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zaoutis TE, Prasad PA, Localio AR et al. Risk factors and predictors for candidemia in pediatric intensive care unit patients: implications for prevention. Clin. Infect. Dis.51, e38–e45 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Park BJ et al. Prospective surveillance for invasive fungal infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2001–2006: overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) database. Clin. Infect. Dis.50, 1091–1100 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes DR et al. Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET). Clin. Infect. Dis.50, 1101–1111 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roilides E, Zaoutis TE, Walsh TJ. Invasive zygomycosis in neonates and children. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.15(Suppl. 5), 50–54 (2009).
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Castagnola E, Fontana V, Caviglia I et al. A prospective study on the epidemiology of febrile episodes during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in children with cancer or after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin. Infect. Dis.45, 1296–1304 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rangel-Frausto MS, Wiblin T, Blumberg HM et al. National epidemiology of mycoses survey (NEMIS): variations in rates of bloodstream infections due to Candida species in seven surgical intensive care units and six neonatal intensive care units. Clin. Infect. Dis.29, 253–258 (1999).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbach WJ. Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in neonates and children. Clin. Microbiol. Infect.16, 1321–1327 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaoutis TE, Heydon K, Chu JH, Walsh TJ, Steinbach WJ. Epidemiology, outcomes, and costs of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised children in the United States. Pediatrics117, e711–e716 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velasco E, Bigni R. A prospective cohort study evaluating the prognostic impact of clinical characteristics and comorbid conditions of hospitalized adult and pediatric cancer patients with candidemia. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.27, 1071–1078 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaoutis TE, Argon J, Chu J, Berlin JA, Walsh TJ, Feudtner C. The epidemiology and attributable outcomes of candidemia in adults and children hospitalized in the United States: a propensity analysis. Clin. Infect. Dis.41, 1232–1239 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjamin DK Jr, Driscoll T, Seibel NL et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous anidulafungin in children with neutropenia at high risk for invasive fungal infections. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.50, 632–638 (2006).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesaro S, Giacchino M, Locatelli F et al. Safety and efficacy of a caspofungin-based combination therapy for treatment of proven or probable aspergillosis in pediatric hematological patients. BMC Infect. Dis.187, 28 (2007).
   Google Scholar
• Hope WW, Seibel NL, Schwartz CL et al. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of micafungin in pediatric patients and implications for antifungal dosing. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.51, 3714–3719 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh TJ, Karlsson MO, Driscoll T et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety of intravenous voriconazole in children after single- or multiple-dose administration. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother.48, 2166–2172 (2004).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh TJ, Adamson PC, Seibel NL et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of caspofungin in children and adolescents. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother.49, 4536–4545 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juster-Reicher A, Flidel-Rimon O, Amitay M, Even-Tov S, Shinwell E, Leibovitz E. High-dose liposomal amphotericin B in the therapy of systemic candidiasis in neonates. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.22, 603–607 (2003).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maertens JA, Madero L, Reilly AF et al. A randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of caspofungin versus liposomal amphotericin B for empiric antifungal therapy in pediatric patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.29, 415–420 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal BH, Barnhart LA, Anderson VL et al. Posaconazole as salvage therapy in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and invasive filamentous fungal infection. Clin. Infect. Dis.40, 1684–1688 (2005).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovi L, Saxen H, Saarinen-Pikhala UM, Vettenranta K, Meri T, Richardson M. Prevention and monitoring of invasive fungal infections in pediatric patients with cancer and hematologic disorders. Pediatr. Blood Cancer48, 28–34 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbach WJ, Addison RM, McLaughlin L et al. Prospective Aspergillus galactomannan antigen testing in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.26, 558–564 (2007).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landlinger C, Preuner S, Baskova L et al. Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections by a real-time panfungal PCR assay in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Leukemia24, 2032–2038 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cesaro S, Stenghele C, Calore E et al. Assessment of lightcycler PCR assay for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in paediatric patients with onco-haematological diseases. Mycoses51, 497–504 (2008).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pagano L, Caira M, Candoni A et al. Invasive aspergillosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: a SEIFEM-2008 registry study. Haematologica95, 644–650 (2010).
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin SJ, Schranz J, Teutsch SM. Aspergillosis case–fatality rate: systematic review of the literature. Clin. Infect. Dis.32, 368–366 (2001).
   Google Scholar